Traumatic injuries in agriculture     

Hard DL  Myers JR  Gerberich SG 《Journal of agricultural safety and health》2002,8(1):51-65

The National Coalition for Agricultural Safety and Health (NCASH) in 1988 addressed issues in agriculture and noted "a sense of urgency... arose from the recognition of the unabating epidemic of traumatic death and injury in American farming . . ." This article provides an update to the NCASH conference on traumatic injuries in agriculture, a history on how the facts and figures were arrived at for the NCASH conference, and a current report on the status of traumatic injuries in agriculture in the U.S. Fatal and nonfatal injuries are addressed along with national and regional surveillance systems. The Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI) was used for reporting national agricultural production fatal injuries from 1992-1998 (25.8 deaths per 100,000 workers), the Traumatic Injury Surveillance of Farmers (TISF) 1993-1995 was used to report nonfatal injuries occurring nationally (7.5/100 workers), and Regional Rural Injury Studies I and II (RRIS-I and RRIS-II) were used to illustrate a regional approach along with in-depth, specific analyses. Fatality rates, which showed some decline in the 1980s, were fairly constant during the 1990s. Changes in nonfatal injury rates for this sector could not be assessed due to a lack of benchmark data. The main concerns identified in the 1989 NCASH report continue today: tractors are the leading cause of farm-related death due mostly to overturns; older farmers continue to be at the highest risk for farm fatalities; and traumatic injuries continue to be a major concern for youth living or working on U.S. farms. Fatal and nonfatal traumatic injuries associated with agricultural production are a major public health problem that needs to be addressed through comprehensive approaches that include further delineation of the problem, particularly in children and older adults, and identification of specific risk factors through analytic efforts. Continued development of relevant surveillance systems and implementation of appropriate interventions are the primary challenges for the current decade.  相似文献   

Absence of duplication of chromosome 21 genes in familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

P H St George-Hyslop  R E Tanzi  R J Polinsky  R L Neve  D Pollen  D Drachman  J Growdon  L A Cupples  L Nee  R H Myers 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,238(4827):664-666

The possibility that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is caused by overexpression or duplication of one or more genes on chromosome 21 has been raised by the observation of AD-like neuropathologic changes in individuals with Down syndrome and by the mapping of both the defect for familial AD and the amyloid beta protein gene to this autosome. Possible duplication on chromosome 21 was investigated in both familial and sporadic AD by means of restriction fragment length polymorphisms for the amyloid and SODI loci, as well as for DNA markers in the vicinity of the familial AD defect and in the critical Down syndrome region of chromosome 21. No evidence of increased DNA dosage was observed in either brain or leukocytes of patients with inherited or sporadic forms of AD. Duplication of these regions is therefore not a frequent event in either form of AD. Furthermore, no significant allelic association was detected between AD and any of the loci, including the amyloid and SODI genes, providing no support for the hypothesis that defects in these specific genes are the primary cause of AD.  相似文献   

Uncus and amygdala lesions: effects on social behavior in the free-ranging rhesus monkey   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

D Dicks  R E Myers  A Kling 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1968,165(888):69-71

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Fever: reciprocal shift in brain sodium to calcium ratio as the set-point temperature rises   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

R D Myers  M Tytell 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1972,178(62):765-767

A bacterial pyrogen acts on the brain by disturbing the natural balance between two essential cations in the cerebral region involved in thermoregulation. After typhoid vaccine is administered to the unanesthetized cat, (45)Ca(2+) efflux into the third cerebral ventricle increases while (22)Na(+) is retained in hypothalamic tissue at the same time that the set-point temperature begins to rise. The subsequent rates of (22)Na(+) and (45)Ca(2+) efflux parallel the course of the bacterial fever but in a reciprocal fashion. This supports the theory that a change in the set-point temperature is determined by an alteration in the inherent ratio of Na(+) to Ca(2+) ions in the hypothalamus.  相似文献   

Biological phosphonates: determination by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

T Glonek  T O Henderson  R L Hilderbrand  T C Myers 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,169(941):192-194

Advanced methods of phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy provided a method whereby biological phosphonates and phosphates can be determined on simple lipid fractions of biological origin. The spectra consist of two easily distinguished resonance bands; one corresponds to families of phosphonates, and the other corresponds to families of orthophosphates.  相似文献   

Alcohol drinking: abnormal intake caused by tetrahydropapaveroline in brain   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

R D Myers  C L Melchior 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1977,196(4289):554-556

Tetrahydropapaveroline (THP), a dopamine-dopaldehyde condensation product, was delivered directly into the cerebral ventricle of rats automatically every 15 minutes for 12 days. The animals were given access to both water and ethylalcohol, the latter being presented in 12 concentrations from 3 to 30 percent. Within 3 to 6 days of the start of the infusion of THP, the rats, which normally rejected alcohol, drank alcohol solutions in increasingly excessive amounts; this was accompanied by symptoms that were similar to those of withdrawal and intoxication. These results provide evidence that an abnormal metabolite in the brain may produce the addictive state caused by alcoholic beverages.  相似文献   

Infants' discrimination of the duration of a rapid spectrum change in nonspeech signals   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P W Jusczyk  D B Pisoni  M A Reed  A Fernald  M Myers 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1983,222(4620):175-177

Two-month-old infants discriminated complex sinusoidal patterns that varied in the duration of their initial frequency transitions. Discrimination of these nonspeech sinusoidal patterns was a function of both the duration of the transitions and the total duration of the stimulus pattern. This contextual effect was observed even though the information specifying stimulus duration occurred after the transitional information. These findings parallel those observed with infants for perception of synthetic speech stimuli. Specialized speech processing capacities are thus not required to account for infants' sensitivity to contextual effects in acoustic signals, whether speech or nonspeech.  相似文献   

An expanded approach to the problem of disappearing species     

Myers N 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1976,193(4249):198-202

Assistance for disappearing species is at present too localized and dispersed to make much impact on the problem with its growing dimensions. Species are threatened primarily because of their status as common property. Institutional deficiencies, notably those of free markets and property rights, promote depletion of species. Conversely, present institutional mechanisms offer little scope for society to express its preferences for goods without price or to establish responsibility for common-heritage resources. The situation postulates corrective measures on the part of collective authority at the international level. These measures would require a joint commitment by the developed and developing worlds, on a scale to reflect the increasingly interdependent needs and opportunities of the community at large. Whether the community perceives itself as a community or not, it functions as such in many of its ecological relationships and economic interactions. The community will sooner or later be obliged to respond to the problem of vanishing species: either sooner, through protective measures of sufficient scope, or later, when it finds that the disappearance of large numbers of species represents a loss through which it is indivisibly impoverished.  相似文献   

Radiation hybrid mapping: a somatic cell genetic method for constructing high-resolution maps of mammalian chromosomes   总被引：69，自引：0，他引：69  

D R Cox  M Burmeister  E R Price  S Kim  R M Myers 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,250(4978):245-250

Radiation hybrid (RH) mapping, a somatic cell genetic technique, was developed as a general approach for constructing long-range maps of mammalian chromosomes. This statistical method depends on x-ray breakage of chromosomes to determine the distances between DNA markers, as well as their order on the chromosome. In addition, the method allows the relative likelihoods of alternative marker orders to be determined. The RH procedure was used to map 14 DNA probes from a region of human chromosome 21 spanning 20 megabase pairs. The map was confirmed by pulsed-field gel electrophoretic analysis. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of RH mapping for constructing high-resolution, contiguous maps of mammalian chromosomes.  相似文献   

Altered response to pneumococcal polysaccharide in offspring of immunologically paralyzed mice   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

R Kerman  D Segre  W L Myers 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1967,156(781):1514-1516

The dose of pneumococcal polysaccharide type III required to induce immunologic paralysis in newborn offspring of immunologically paralyzed mice was one-tenth of the corresponding paralyzing dose for newborn offspring of normal mice. Similarly, immunization of the offsprinig of the paralyzed mice was accomplished with one-tenth the dose of polysaccharide necessary to immunize normal newborn mice. The altered susceptibility of newborn mice from paralyzed mothers to the induction of both paralysis and immunity was predicted from theories of antibody formation which postulate that the induction of tolerance or immunity is controlled by the concentration of natural antibodies specific for the antigen used.  相似文献