"FLYING" FISH     

Myers GB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1937,86(2237):442

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Water/nutrient interactions affecting the productivity of stands of Pinus radiata     

R.E. McMurtrie  M.L. Benson  S. Linder  S.W. Running  T. Talsma  W.J.B. Crane  B.J. Myers 《Forest Ecology and Management》1990,30(1-4):415-423

The accumulation of above-ground biomass and the seasonal patterns of leaf-area development, foliar nutrient concentrations and tree and soil water-status have been measured for fertilised, irrigated, and control stands of Pinus radiata D. Don growing on a low-productivity site, average annual precipitation of 790 mm, near Canberra in southeastern Australia. In the second growing-season after treatments commenced, projected leaf-area index reached peak values of 7 on the irrigated/fertilised stands compared with approximately 5 on the other stands. Average canopy nitrogen concentration (dry-weight basis) varied across the treatments from 9 to 17 mg g⁻¹. Measurements of soil and tree water-status over a 2-year period indicated that stands which were not irrigated experienced summer droughts of up to 4 months duration.

Annual volume production measured over the 2-year period ranged from 17 to 45 m³ ha⁻¹. The extent to which this variation could be attributed to differences in leaf area, rats of photosynthesis, duration of the period of positive net photosynthesis, and hence growth, was analysed in terms of a process-based model of stand growth dependent on climate and soil water-balance.

Annual canopy net photosynthesis simulated by the model ranged from 18 t carbon ha⁻¹ for the control stand to 38 t ha⁻¹ for the irrigated/fertilised stands. Simulations indicated that 67% of this difference could be attributed to the role of irrigation in extending the period of active growth. The additional leaf area carried by the irrigated/fertilised stands contributed a further 23%, while differences in rates of photosynthesis, related to nitrogen nutrition, explained the remaining 10%.  相似文献   

Traditional agriculture in southeast Asia : edited by G.G. Marten, 1986. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado. 538 pp., maps, figures and tables. £38.00 hardback. ISBN 0-8133-7026-4     

Norman Myers 《Forest Ecology and Management》1987,20(3-4):321-324

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Ecology. Coral reefs and the global network of Marine Protected Areas     

Mora C  Andrèfouët S  Costello MJ  Kranenburg C  Rollo A  Veron J  Gaston KJ  Myers RA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5781):1750-1751

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A fine-scale chimpanzee genetic map from population sequencing     

Auton A  Fledel-Alon A  Pfeifer S  Venn O  Ségurel L  Street T  Leffler EM  Bowden R  Aneas I  Broxholme J  Humburg P  Iqbal Z  Lunter G  Maller J  Hernandez RD  Melton C  Venkat A  Nobrega MA  Bontrop R  Myers S  Donnelly P  Przeworski M  McVean G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6078):193-198

To study the evolution of recombination rates in apes, we developed methodology to construct a fine-scale genetic map from high-throughput sequence data from 10 Western chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes verus. Compared to the human genetic map, broad-scale recombination rates tend to be conserved, but with exceptions, particularly in regions of chromosomal rearrangements and around the site of ancestral fusion in human chromosome 2. At fine scales, chimpanzee recombination is dominated by hotspots, which show no overlap with those of humans even though rates are similarly elevated around CpG islands and decreased within genes. The hotspot-specifying protein PRDM9 shows extensive variation among Western chimpanzees, and there is little evidence that any sequence motifs are enriched in hotspots. The contrasting locations of hotspots provide a natural experiment, which demonstrates the impact of recombination on base composition.  相似文献   

The development of faba bean expressed sequence tag–simple sequence repeats (EST‐SSRs) and their validity in diversity analysis     

Muhanad W. Akash  Gerald O. Myers 《Plant Breeding》2012,131(4):522-530

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Renal transitional-cell carcinoma in two cats with chronic kidney disease     

Hanzlicek AS  Ganta C  Myers CB  Grauer GF 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2012,14(4):280-284

Two 12-year-old cats were diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) based on physical examination, clinicopathologic data and, in one case, abdominal ultrasound findings. Approximately 1 year after the initial diagnosis of CKD both cats developed renal transitional cell carcinoma (TCC)--bilateral in one cat. Based on post-mortem examination, one cat had no evidence of metastasis and the other had metastasis to the large intestine, heart and lungs. This is the first report of de novo bilateral renal TCC in a cat, as well as the first report of renal TCC developing in cats with previous history of confirmed CKD.  相似文献   

Severe anemia caused by babesiosis in a maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)     

Phair KA  Carpenter JW  Smee N  Myers CB  Pohlman LM 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2012,43(1):162-167

An 8-yr-old, captive, spayed, female maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) developed progressive lethargy and weakness over a 24-hr period. Clinical signs included vomiting, recumbency, horizontal nystagmus, possible blindness, pale icteric mucus membranes, and port-wine colored urine. A complete blood cell count revealed severe anemia (packed cell volume [PCV], 6%) and intraerythrocytic piroplasms consistent with a Babesia species. Polymerase chain reaction testing later confirmed babesiosis. The wolf was treated with imidocarb dipropionate, antibiotics, and fluid therapy. A whole-blood transfusion from a sibling maned wolf also was performed. Despite aggressive treatment, the wolf failed to improve and was euthanized. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first documented case of babesiosis in a captive maned wolf in North America. Surveillance of infectious diseases in captive and wild maned wolf populations should be expanded to include screening for Babesia species. Tick control also should be implemented to prevent and decrease transmission of the disease to this endangered species.  相似文献   

Germany/Australia Index of Sperm Sex Sortability in Elephants and Rhinoceros     

B Behr  D Rath  TB Hildebrandt  F Goeritz  S Blottner  TJ Portas  BR Bryant  B Sieg  A Knieriem  SP de Graaf  WMC Maxwell  R Hermes 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(2):273-277

Flow cytometric sexing of spermatozoa followed by application in artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization provides a unique opportunity to predetermine the sex of offspring and might enhance the conservation management of endangered species in captivity such as the elephant and rhinoceros. To obtain an indication of the sortability of spermatozoa from these species, the relative DNA differences between X and Y chromosome bearing spermatozoa (fresh, frozen thawed, epididymal) from three rhinoceros species [white ( Ceratotherium simum ), black ( Diceros bicornis ), Indian ( Rhinoceros unicornis )] and both elephant species, the Asian and the African elephant ( Elephas maximus, Loxodonta Africana ), were determined through separation of spermatozoa into X and Y chromosome bearing populations, using a modified high speed flow cytometer. The head profile areas of spermatozoa from all five species were measured using light microscopy. By multiplying the relative DNA differences and the head profile areas, the sperm sorting indices were calculated to be 47, 48 and 51 for white, black and Indian rhinoceros respectively. The calculated sorting index for the Asian elephant was 66. In the African elephant, we determined the highest sorting index of 76. These results indicate the practicability of flow cytometric sex sorting of spermatozoa from the tested rhinoceros species and both elephant species. The lower sorting indices in rhinos indicate that sex sorting of spermatozoa from the rhinoceros will be more challenging than in elephants.  相似文献   

Hydromorphone     

Debbie Myers  Rita A. Jung 《Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine》2009,18(1):71-73

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