Enhancing conservation of Australian freshwater ecosystems: identification of freshwater flagship fishes and relevant target audiences          下载免费PDF全文

Brendan C Ebner  David L Morgan  Adam Kerezsy  Scott Hardie  Stephen J Beatty  Jamie E Seymour  James A Donaldson  Simon Linke  Stirling Peverell  David Roberts  Thomas Espinoza  Nadine Marshall  Frederieke J Kroon  Damien W Burrows  Ryan R J McAllister 《Fish and Fisheries》2016,17(4):1134-1151

Flagship species, especially mammals and birds, are commonly used to increase awareness of conservation issues in marine and terrestrial ecosystems. However, flagship species oriented programs are often ad hoc with initiatives scarce in the freshwater context. Here, we aim to identify potential flagship candidates that would appeal to a broad cross section of society at a continental scale where freshwater ecosystems are under threat from human impacts. We identified 19 species from a list of 299 Australian freshwater fishes on the basis of body size, trophic guild and threatened species status assuming these characteristics of flagship species are transferable from previous work on terrestrial flagship species. We considered the potential of species to be of international appeal but focused mostly on eight relevant interest groups within Australia. This followed the rationale that public engagement with conservation issues in freshwater systems might be more effective if the link between fish species and the decisions people make were better understood, and we acknowledge the diverging interests of stakeholders. This scoping work contributes towards addressing the challenges of connecting societies to the principles of sharing water resources with ecosystems, and represents the first continental‐scale assessment of its kind.  相似文献   

Characterization and plant expression of a glyphosate-tolerant enolpyruvylshikimate phosphate synthase     

Vande Berg BJ  Hammer PE  Chun BL  Schouten LC  Carr B  Guo R  Peters C  Hinson TK  Beilinson V  Shekita A  Deter R  Chen Z  Samoylov V  Bryant CT  Stauffer ME  Eberle T  Moellenbeck DJ  Carozzi NB  Koziel MG  Duck NB 《Pest management science》2008,64(4):340-345

BACKGROUND: Glyphosate tolerance is a dominant trait in modern biotech crops. RESULTS: A gene encoding a glyphosate-tolerant EPSP synthase (aroA(1398)) from bacterial strain ATX1398 was cloned and characterized. The protein is initiated at a GTG translational start codon to produce a protein that provides robust glyphosate resistance in Escherichia coli (Mig) Cast & Chalm. The aroA(1398) protein was expressed and purified from E. coli, and key kinetic values were determined (K(i) = 161 microM; K(m)(PEP) = 11.3 microM; k(cat) = 28.3 s(-1)). The full-length enzyme is 800-fold more resistant to glyphosate than the maize EPSP synthase while retaining high affinity for the substrate phosphoenol pyruvate. To evaluate further the potential of aroA(1398), transgenic maize events expressing the aroA(1398) protein were generated. T(0) plants were screened for tolerance to glyphosate sprays at 1.3x commercial spray rates, and T(1) plants were selected that completely resisted glyphosate sprays at 1x, 2x and 4x recommended spray rates in field trials. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that aroA(1398) is a suitable candidate for conferring glyphosate tolerance in transgenic crop plants.  相似文献   

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cyclaminis: underestimated genetic diversity     

Charline Lecomte  Véronique Edel-Hermann  Marc-Antoine Cannesan  Nadine Gautheron  Agnès Langlois  Claude Alabouvette  Fabien Robert  Christian Steinberg 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2016,145(2):421-431

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The Impact of Soil Heterogeneity on Nitrate Dynamic and Losses in Tile-Drained Arable Fields     

Denise Bednorz  Nadine Tauchnitz  Olaf Christen  Holger Rupp  Ralph Meissner 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2016,227(10):395

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Deer as a potential wildlife reservoir for Parachlamydia species     

Regenscheit N  Holzwarth N  Greub G  Aeby S  Pospischil A  Borel N 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2012,193(2):589-592

Wildlife populations represent an important reservoir for emerging pathogens and trans-boundary livestock diseases. However, detailed information relating to the occurrence of endemic pathogens such as those of the order Chlamydiales in such populations is lacking. During the hunting season of 2008, 863 samples (including blood, conjunctival swabs, internal organs and faeces) were collected in the Eastern Swiss Alps from 99 free-living red deer (Cervus elaphus) and 64 free-living roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and tested using ELISA, PCR and immunohistochemistry for members of the family Chlamydiaceae and the genus Parachlamydia. Parachlamydia spp. were detected in the conjunctival swabs, faeces and internal organs of both species of deer (2.4% positive, with a further 29.5% inconclusive). The very low occurrence of Chlamydiaceae (2.5%) was in line with serological data (0.7% seroprevalence for Chlamydia abortus). Further investigations are required to elucidate the zoonotic potential, pathogenicity, and distribution of Parachlamydia spp. in wild ruminants.  相似文献   

Relationship between fish intake, n-3 fatty acids, mercury and risk markers of CHD (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002)     

Smith KM  Barraj LM  Kantor M  Sahyoun NR 《Public health nutrition》2009,12(8):1261-1269

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Performance of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Quercus suber</Emphasis> L. at nursery stage—application of two bio-inoculants under two distinct environments     

Giovânia C. Araújo  Nadine R. Sousa  Miguel A. Ramos  Alberto L. Vega  Paula M. L. Castro 《Annals of Forest Science》2018,75(1):29

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Clinicopathologic findings associated with Lagenidium sp. infection in 6 dogs: initial description of an emerging oomycosis   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Grooters AM  Hodgin EC  Bauer RW  Detrisac CJ  Znajda NR  Thomas RC 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(5):637-646

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Retrospective evaluation of renal disease in captive black howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya).     

Deidre K Fontenot  Christopher R Gregory  Nadine Lamberski 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2004,35(3):292-302

Six of 15 (40%) inactive medical records of adult black howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) at one zoological institution included either a pre- or postmortem diagnosis of renal disease. In these six cases, significantly abnormal hematologic and serum chemistry values were reported at onset of azotemia, onset of clinical signs, and at euthanasia. Average age of onset of azotemia was 14.8 +/- 2.9 yr, with clinical signs of disease noted at 17 +/- 4.7 yr. In four of the cases (66.6%), azotemia was documented earlier than the onset of clinical signs of renal disease. Average duration of clinical disease was 2.83 +/- 1.6 yr, with an average age at euthanasia of 18 +/- 4.7 yr. Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis with secondary glomerular sclerosis was present in all cases. Thirteen of an additional 20 institutions in the United States that have held Alouatta caraya responded to a survey for prevalence of renal disease. These institutions showed a lower prevalence (15.1%) of renal disease in complete, inactive records, a higher prevalence of glomerulonephritis, and similar significant clinicopathologic values.  相似文献   

Evidence for 2,4‐D mineralisation in Mediterranean soils: impact of moisture content and temperature     

Bachir Bouseba  Abdennour Zertal  Jérémie Beguet  Nadine Rouard  Marion Devers  Christophe Martin  Fabrice Martin‐Laurent 《Pest management science》2009,65(9):1021-1029

BACKGROUND: The 2,4‐D degradation ability of the microbiota of three arable Mediterranean soils was estimated. The impact of soil moisture and temperature on 2,4‐D degradation was investigated. RESULTS: The microbiota of the three soils regularly exposed to 2,4‐D were able rapidly to mineralise this herbicide. The half‐life of 2,4‐D ranged from 8 to 30 days, and maximum mineralisation of ¹⁴C‐2,4‐D ranged from 57 to 71%. Extractable ¹⁴C‐2,4‐D and ¹⁴C‐bound residues accounted for less than 1 and 15% respectively of the ¹⁴C‐2,4‐D initially added. The highest amounts of ¹⁴C‐2,4‐D bound residues were recorded in the soil with the lowest 2,4‐D‐mineralising ability. Although all three soils were able to mineralise 2,4‐D, multivariate analysis revealed that performance of this degrading microbial activity was dependent on clay content and magnesium oxide. Soil temperature affected the global structure of soil microbial community, but it had only a moderate effect on 2,4‐D‐mineralising ability. 2,4‐D‐mineralising ability was positively correlated with soil moisture content. Negligible 2,4‐D mineralisation occurred in all three soils when incubated at 10 or 15% soil moisture content, i.e. within the range naturally occurring under the Mediterranean climate of Algeria. CONCLUSION: This study shows that, although soil microbiota can adapt to rapid mineralisation of 2,4‐D, this microbial activity is strongly dependent on climatic parameters. It suggests that only limited pesticide biodegradation occurs under Mediterranean climate, and that arable Mediterranean soils are therefore fragile and likely to accumulate pesticide residues. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献