Variation in the levels of the different xylanase inhibitors in grain and flour of 20 French wheat cultivars     

Estelle Bonnin  Stphanie Daviet  Kurt Gebruers  Jan A. Delcour  Andrew Goldson  Nathalie Juge  Luc Saulnier 《Journal of Cereal Science》2005,41(3):375-379

A xylanase from Aspergillus aculeatus (glycoside hydrolase family 10), uninhibited by TAXI, and a xylanase from Bacillus subtilis (family 11), uninhibited by XIP-I, were selected to quantify the respective apparent levels of XIP-I and TAXI inhibitors, in flours and grains of 20 wheat varieties. The apparent TAXI amount ranged from 0.05 to 0.19 mg/g in flour (mean: 0.11 mg/g) and from 0.07 to 0.2 mg/g in grain (mean: 0.14 mg/g). The range observed for XIP-I was 0.12–0.6 mg/g in flour (mean 0.32 mg/g), and 0.21–0.56 mg/g in grain (mean: 0.41 mg/g). The inhibition profile of the xylanase from A. aculeatus by a crude inhibitor preparation suggested the presence of an additional component in wheat flour, responsible for an increase in inhibition.  相似文献   

Oral malignant melanomas and other head and neck neoplasms in Danish dogs - data from the Danish Veterinary Cancer Registry     

Louise B Br?nden  Thomas Eriksen  Annemarie T Kristensen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2009,51(1):54

Background

Head and neck cancers (HNC) are relatively common and often very serious diseases in both dogs and humans. Neoplasms originating in the head and neck region are a heterogeneous group. HNC often has an unfavourable prognosis and the proximity of the tissue structures renders extirpation of tumours with sufficient margins almost incompatible with preservation of functionality. In humans oral malignant melanoma (OMM) is extremely rare, but represents a particular challenge since it is highly aggressive as is the canine counterpart, which thus may be of interest as a spontaneous animal model.

Methods

Canine cases entered in the Danish Veterinary Cancer Registry (DVCR) from May 15th 2005 through February 29th 2008 were included in this study. Fisher''s exact test was used to compare proportions of HNC in dogs and humans as well as proportions of surgically treated cases of OMM and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Also the proportions of benign and malignant neoplasms of different locations in dogs were compared using Fisher''s exact test.

Results

A total of 1768 cases of neoplasias (679 malignant, 826 benign, 263 unknown) were submitted. Of all neoplasias HNC accounted for 7.2% (n = 128). Of these, 64 (50%) were malignant and 44 (34%) benign. The most common types of malignant neoplasia were SCC (18; 28% of malignant), OMM (13; 20% of malignant), soft tissue sarcoma (11; 17% of malignant) and adenocarcinoma (5; 11% of malignant). The most common types of benign neoplasms were adenoma (7; 16% of benign), polyps (6; 14% of benign) and fibroma (5; 11% of benign).

Conclusions

In the current study, the proportion of neoplasia in the head and neck region in dogs in Denmark was similar to other canine studies and significantly more common than in humans with a large proportion of malignancies. Spontaneous HNC in dogs thus, may serve as a model for HNC in humans.Canine OMM is a spontaneous cancer in an outbred, immune-competent large mammal population and could be a clinical model for OMM in humans.  相似文献   

Management- and housing-related risk factors of respiratory disorders in non-weaned French Charolais calves     

Sbastien Assi  Nathalie Bareille  Franois Beaudeau  Henri Seegers 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2009,91(2-4):218-225

Our aim was to determine at calf-batch level the management- and housing-related risk factors of respiratory disorders in non-weaned Charolais calves. Farmers recorded cases according to the definition provided i.e. the association of at least one respiratory sign and, in the same calf or another calf of the same batch, at least one general sign on the same day or the day before. During farm visits, quality of farmers’ records was checked and questionnaires were applied to gather farm and herd characteristics and to describe farming practices and housing facilities. Data were suitable for analysis for 172 batches where no metaphylactic treatment was implemented. Batches had great disparity in incidence of respiratory disorders. In the 120 batches with at least one case, the quartiles of incidence rate were, respectively, 0.95, 2.15 and 3.59 cases per 1000 calf-days at-risk. For risk-factor analysis, the statistical unit was the calf-batch located in a given batch. We used a ZINB model because (i) there was significant overdispersion of incidence rates of respiratory disorders (overdispersion test statistic of O = 1049 (P < 0.001)), (ii) probability was high that a two-group modelling process existed (Vuong statistic of V = 2.44 (P = 0.0073)) and (iii) the ZINB model fit significantly better than the ZIP model (likelihood-ratio statistic of 340.14 (P < 0.001)). The risk was higher in open-fronted barns or in open barns compared to closed ones (incidence-rate ratios (IRRs): 1.9 and 1.8), in barns where no annual disinfection was implemented (IRR: 1.5) and in part slope with straw/part scraped and in part straw-bedded/part scraped barns compared to completely straw-bedded barns (IRRs: 1.9 and 1.6). Larger calf-batches were more at-risk than smaller batches (OR for the effect of an increase of 10 calves on the probability of a 0 count: 0.5).  相似文献   

Impact of a natural bluetongue serotype 8 infection on semen quality of Belgian rams in 2007     

Kirschvink N  Raes M  Saegerman C 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,182(2):244-251

In 2006, bluetongue (BT) virus serotype 8 emerged in northern Europe and numerous ruminants were affected in the following year. Infertility in males is one of the consequences of BT, although its severity and duration after natural infection has not been documented. In this report, the impact of BT-8 on clinical signs and semen quality of naturally infected rams is described through a longitudinal study of two Belgian ram populations (n = 12 and n = 24) and a cross sectional study in a further ram population (n = 43).Macroscopic semen characteristics, semen concentration, motility, percentage of living and dead spermatozoa were assessed in 167 semen samples collected on 1–6 occasions from 79 BT-8 infected rams within 5–138 days after onset of clinical disease. These were compared with healthy control animals. Significant changes in all variables were observed after natural BT-8 infection. Total recovery occurred around 85 days after clinical disease in animals undergoing a close follow-up of semen quality. Good correspondence between the results of the longitudinal and cross sectional studies suggests that semen quality of BT-8 affected rams reached normal references values 63–138 days after clinical diagnosis of BT. In addition, semen concentration seems to be a sound epidemiological indicator of ram semen quality.  相似文献   

A pilot study comparing the antispasmodic effects of inhaled salmeterol, salbutamol and ipratropium bromide using different aerosol devices on muscarinic bronchoconstriction in healthy cats     

Leemans J  Kirschvink N  Bernaerts F  Clercx C  Cambier C  Gustin P 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,180(2):236-245

This study compared the duration and magnitude of the antispasmodic effects of salmeterol (SLM), salbutamol (SAL), ipratropium bromide (IB) and the combination of SAL and IB (SAL/IB) against carbachol-induced bronchoconstriction in healthy cats, and investigated the gain in efficacy using a two or fourfold increase in drug dosages. The drug regimens used were: (1) SLM 25 microg, SAL 100 microg, IB 20 microg and SAL/IB 100 microg/20 microg for bronchodilators delivered by a metered-dose inhaler (MDI); (2) SAL 3.75 mg and IB 62.5 microg for nebulised (NEB) medications. To monitor the bronchodilator effect, airway responsiveness was assessed at different time points using barometric whole-body plethysmography and calculation of the concentration of inhaled carbachol inducing a 300% increase of baseline Penh (enhanced pause), an estimator of airflow limitation. Maximum C-Penh300 was recorded 15 min after NEB SAL, IB MDI, NEB IB and 1h after SAL MDI and 4h after SLM MDI, respectively. C-Penh300 was significantly different from control values (without treatment) up to 24h for SLM MDI, 8h for IB MDI and 4h for other drugs. In terms of efficacy, SAL/IB MDI showed a synergistic antispasmodic effect at 15 min, 4h and 8h after administration. A fourfold increase of the initial dose of IB MDI and NEB IB significantly increased C-Penh300. Despite a fourfold dose increase, SLM displayed the weakest degree of bronchoprotection compared to other bronchodilators. The study provides evidence that inhaled bronchodilators are efficient at preventing muscarinic-induced bronchospasm in healthy cats and that SAL and IB appear to be short-acting bronchodilators in contrast to SLM.  相似文献   

Impact of destroying the structure of model gels on volatile release     

Savary G  Sémon E  Meunier JM  Doublier JL  Cayot N 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(17):7099-7106

The release of a strawberry aroma from different composite gels taken as models of fruit preparations and from a sucrose solution was investigated. The composition of the model systems differed with regard to the gelling agent, either pectin or carrageenan, and to the rigidity of the gel. With the use of atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry, the release profiles of the aroma compounds were determined under stirring. At the same time, purge and trap measurements were performed to determine the release profiles of the aroma compounds without stirring. The comparison of the patterns obtained using these two complementary methods made it possible to determine how the structure of the matrix, the mechanical treatment, and the properties of the aroma compound affect aroma release. A far greater proportion of the aroma compounds was retained in the fruit preparation systems than in the sucrose solution. The different release profiles could be interpreted in terms of the volatility of the aroma compounds and of their diffusion through the gels.  相似文献   

Chemical synthesis of hydroxycinnamic acid glucosides and evaluation of their ability to stabilize natural colors via anthocyanin copigmentation     

Galland S  Mora N  Abert-Vian M  Rakotomanomana N  Dangles O 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(18):7573-7579

This work describes the chemical synthesis of O-aryl-beta-D-glucosides and 1-O-beta-D-glucosyl esters of hydroxycinnamic acids. In particular, O-aryl-beta-D-glucosides were efficiently prepared via a simple diastereoselective glycosylation procedure using phase transfer conditions. Despite the lability of its ester linkage, 1-O-beta-D-caffeoylglucose could also be obtained using a Lewis acid catalyzed glycosylation step and a set of protective groups that can be removed under neutral conditions. Hydroxycinnamic acid O-aryl-beta-D-glucosides were then quantitatively investigated for their affinity for the naturally occurring anthocyanin malvin (pigment). Formation of the pi-stacking molecular complexes (copigmentation) was characterized in terms of binding constants and enthalpy and entropy changes. The glucosyl moiety did not significantly alter these thermodynamic parameters, in line with a binding process solely involving the polyphenolic nuclei.  相似文献   

Accumulation of Mycosporine‐like Amino Acids in Asparagopsis armata Grown in Tanks with Fishpond Effluents of Gilthead Sea Bream,Sparus aurata     

Félix L. Figueroa  Agustín Bueno  Nathalie Korbee  Rui Santos  Leonardo Mata  Andreas Schuenhoff 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2008,39(5):692-699

Abstract.— The accumulation of ultraviolet (UV)‐screen substances, mycosporine‐like amino acids (MAAs), in the tetrasporophytic phase of the red alga Asparagopsis armata grown in fishpond effluents of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, is analyzed. Both the effects of total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) fluxes and the algal densities on MAA accumulation were investigated. MAAs increased with the TAN flux, but only until values lower than 100 μM/h. Above this flux, the MAA content decreased, whereas algal yield increased. The content of individual MAAs was related to nitrogen (N) status, that is, shinorine percentage slightly decreased and palythine increased with increasing N fluxes. The decrease of MAAs at high flux of N (up to 100 μM/h) is related to the decrease of water residence time and the decrease of the biofiltration efficiency. Under different TAN fluxes and algal densities, MAA content was negatively related to algal yield indicating that MAAs were accumulated only under a high ammonium‐N availability. Thus, an energy allocation between growth (primary metabolism) and MAA accumulation (secondary metabolism) is regulated by the absorption capacity of inorganic N. In conclusion, A. armata, in addition to its high biofiltration capacity of nutrients, is a good source of MAAs as potential UV screen photoprotectors.  相似文献   

Photoperiod manipulation for the reproductive management of captive wolffish populations: <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anarhichas minor</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">A. lupus</Emphasis>     

Bernard-Antonin Dupont Cyr  Helge Tveiten  Domynick Maltais  Grant W. Vandenberg  Nathalie R. Le François 《Aquaculture International》2018,26(4):1051-1065

This study provides new and practical information to implement the use of photoperiodic manipulation for the control of the sexual maturation of Canadian 6⁺ Atlantic wolffish (Anarhichas lupus) and 3⁺ first-time spawners spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor) from Canadian and Norwegian populations. Wolffish reproductive cycle (gametogenesis and oocyte maturation and spermiation) was monitored for 23 consecutive months. Control groups were held under a 12-month simulated natural photoperiod and treatment groups under an 8-month compressed photoperiod. Plasma sex steroid concentrations (estradiol-17β and 11-ketotestosterone), oocyte diameter growth, and milt production were assessed monthly. For all groups under study, fish subjected to the compressed photoperiod spawned 2–6 months earlier than the controls. Complete out-of-shift cycle was not achieved based on the completion of two reproduction cycles, and this is briefly discussed. Photoperiod treatment induced temporal shifts in sex steroid profiles, which are the likely mediators of altered timing of ovulation/final maturation. Photoperiod has a strong influence on the timing of wolffish maturation and could be used as an efficient and inexpensive tool to secure wolffish reproduction operations (year-round supply of egg and milt and/or timing with optimal temperature regimes).  相似文献   

Antiparasitic effects of peracetic acid (PAA) against infective stages (theronts) of white spot disease, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in vitro     

Meinelt T  Staaks J  Staaks G  Stüber A  Bräunig I 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2007,114(10):384-387

White spot disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (I. multifiliis), invades nearly all fresh water fish species and causes huge economic losses. In Germany no protocide substance is legal for the treatment of I. multifilis. As an alternative substance the peracetic acid (PAA) was tested to treat the free invasive stage (theront) of the parasite. PAA concentrations of 0.3 ppm were able to kill all theronts in 120 min in our investigations. As a result of these investigations we recommend an interval-application of 0.3 to 0.5 ppm PAA for 30 to 150 min. This application should be prolonged for two life cycles of the parasite. Biotic parameters as e. g. fish species, and age as well as abiotic parameters as e. g. temperature, pH and organic load of the water could possibly influence the efficiency of the PAA application and should therefore be taken into account while picking the dosage and length of the PAA exposure.  相似文献