Neurogenesis in Neurotoxin-induced Animal Models for Parkinson's Disease-A Review of the Current Status     

He XJ  Nakayama H 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2009,22(2):101-108

Animal models for Parkinson's disease (PD) are essential for understanding its pathogenesis and for development and testing of new therapies. Discoveries of endogenous neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain give new insight into the cell-based approach for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, such as PD. Although a great deal of interest has been focused on endogenous neurogenesis in neurotoxin-induced animal models for PD, it still remains controversial whether neural stem cells migrate into the injured area and contribute to repopulation of depleted dopaminergic neurons in neurotoxin-injured adult brains. The purpose of this review is to examine the data available regarding neurogenesis in neurotoxin-induced animal models of PD. It is hoped that data from the animal investigations available in the literature will promote understanding of the neurotoxin-induced animal models for PD.  相似文献   

The activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPS) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in mammary tumors of dogs and rats     

Kawai K  Uetsuka K  Doi K  Nakayama H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(2):105-111

We conducted zymography for detecting the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and reverse zymography for the activity of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in canine spontaneous and rat 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumor tissues. The activities of MMPs of canine mammary tumors were quite higher than those of the rat chemically induced tumors. The activities of MMPs were significantly higher in malignant tissues than in benign ones of canine tumors, whereas the activity of only MMP-2 was higher in both benign and malignant rat tumors compared to normal tissues. There were no differences of MMPs activities between benign and malignant rat tumors. The results of reverse zymography indicated that the activities of TIMP-1, -2 and -3 were strikingly higher in rat tumors than in canine tumors. The activities were higher in malignant tissues than in benign ones of dogs, and higher in tumor tissues than in normal mammary tissues of rats. The results of film in situ zymography for tissue localization of gelatinolytic activity showed that the digested area was more extended in malignant tumors than in benign ones of dogs. However, the area was similarly extended in both benign and malignant rat tumors. These results may indicate that the canine spontaneous malignant mammary tumors possess more aggressive nature than the rat chemically induced counterpart, resulting from the high level of MMPs and low level of TIMPs activities of the tumor tissues.  相似文献   

Prognostic factors associated with survival in dogs with lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis     

Ohno K  Konishi S  Kobayashi S  Nakashima K  Setoguchi A  Fujino Y  Nakayama H  Tsujimoto H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(9):929-933

Prognostic factors associated with survival in dogs with lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis (LPE) were investigated through a retrospective study. Using case records, 48 dogs diagnosed with LPE were classified as survivors (n = 32) or non-survivors (n = 16), and the clinical and clinicopathological parameters were reviewed between the 2 groups by using univariate and multivariate prognostic analysis. Compared to the hospital population, non-survivors had an overrepresentation of the Shiba breed. Results of univariate analysis indicated that anorexia, severe weight loss, packed cell volume, and total protein were significantly associated with survival for 6 months after diagnosis. In multivariate analysis, anorexia and hypoproteinemia were significantly associated with survival. Furthermore, initial response to treatment was strongly associated with poor prognosis. Based on these clinical and laboratory parameters such as anorexia, hypoproteinemia and initial response to treatment, it may be possible to predict poor prognosis in canine LPE.  相似文献   

Molecular loops in the galactic center: evidence for magnetic flotation     

Fukui Y  Yamamoto H  Fujishita M  Kudo N  Torii K  Nozawa S  Takahashi K  Matsumoto R  Machida M  Kawamura A  Yonekura Y  Mizuno N  Onishi T  Mizuno A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5796):106-109

The central few hundred parsecs of the Milky Way host a massive black hole and exhibit very violent gas motion and high temperatures in molecular gas. The origin of these properties has been a mystery for the past four decades. Wide-field imaging of the (12)CO (rotational quantum number J = 1 to 0) 2.6-millimeter spectrum has revealed huge loops of dense molecular gas with strong velocity dispersions in the galactic center. We present a magnetic flotation model to explain that the formation of the loops is due to magnetic buoyancy caused by the Parker instability. The model has the potential to offer a coherent explanation for the origin of the violent motion and extensive heating of the molecular gas in the galactic center.  相似文献   

Antioxidant prenylated flavonoids from propolis collected in Okinawa, Japan   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Kumazawa S  Ueda R  Hamasaka T  Fukumoto S  Fujimoto T  Nakayama T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(19):7722-7725

Propolis is a resinous substance collected by honeybees from various plant sources. The composition of propolis depends upon the vegetation at the site of collection. We previously isolated four prenylated flavonoids from propolis collected in Okinawa, Japan. In this study, further fractionation of the extracts of Okinawan propolis resulted in the isolation of a new prenylated flavonoid, prokinawan, and four known compounds. The structure of prokinawan was determined by MS and NMR spectroscopic methods. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging and beta-carotene bleaching systems was investigated. The present study proved that the position of the geranyl or prenyl groups on the flavonoid skeleton plays an important role in exhibiting antioxidant activity.  相似文献   

Phylogenetic study on a bacterial community in the floodwater of a Japanese paddy field estimated by sequencing 16S rDNA fragments after denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis     

Taketoshi Shibagaki-Shimizu  Natsuko Nakayama  Yasunori Nakajima  Kazuo Matsuya  Makoto Kimura  Susumu Asakawa 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):362-365

Phylogenetic positions of characteristic bands of 16S rDNA that were obtained from the floodwater of a Japanese paddy field by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis in a previous work (Biol Fertil Soils 36:306–312, 2002) were determined to identify dominant bacterial members in the floodwater. Sequences of DGGE bands were affiliated with the Cytophaga–Flavobacterium–Bacteroides group, β-Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria and showed phylogenetically close relationships with species inhabiting other aquatic environments, although most of their closest relatives were uncultured bacterial clones.  相似文献   

Antioxidant activity of polyphenols in carob pods.     

Shigenori Kumazawa  Masa Taniguchi  Yasuyuki Suzuki  Masayo Shimura  Mi-Sun Kwon  Tsutomu Nakayama 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(2):373-377

We extracted polyphenols from carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) pods, and evaluated the in vitro antioxidant activity of the crude polyphenol fraction (CPP). The total polyphenol content in CPP determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method was 19.2%. The condensed tannin content determined by the vanillin and proanthocyanidin assay systems was 4.37% and 1.36%, respectively. beta-Carotene bleaching, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, inhibition of lipid peroxidation by the erythrocyte ghost, and microsomal assay systems were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. CPP showed a stronger inhibitory effect against the discoloration of beta-carotene than other polyphenol compounds such as catechins and procyanidins. CPP had weaker antioxidant activity in the DPPH free radical scavenging, the erythrocyte ghost, and microsomal systems than authentic polyphenol compounds at the same concentrations. The activity adjusted by the polyphenol concentration was, however, comparable to that of authentic polyphenol compounds. Considering most carob pods are discarded and not effectively utilized at present, these results suggested that carob pods could be utilized as a functional food or food ingredient.  相似文献   

Predicting the start of calving in Japanese Black cattle using camera image analysis     

Hisashi NABENISHI  Natsuko NEGISHI  Atusi YAMAZAKI 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2021,67(1):53

This study assessed the feasibility of using camera image analysis to detect behavioral changes as an indicator of the onset of calving in Japanese Black cattle. Thirty-five pregnant cattle individually housed in pens were used and were continuously monitored using a digital camera system. For the automatic determination of the x and y coordinates of a cow, trajectory analysis was conducted using thermal image and analysis software, and the distances moved were calculated using coordinate data. Further, the frequency of postural changes and the time spent tail raising per hour were measured for 14 cows using visible images. The measurement data were used to calculate hourly data for 12 h prior to amniorrhexis (first rupture of the allantoic sac). The hourly distances moved tended to increase at the time of amniorrhexis, with significantly longer distances measured 3–0 h before amniorrhexis than those at 12–8 h before amniorrhexis (P < 0.05). In all cows, amniorrhexis occurred within 11 h of hourly distances moved by more than 50% compared with distance moved the previous hour. The overall average elapsed time before amniorrhexis was 9 h 30 min (range: 5–11 h). Tail raising time and the frequency of postural changes significantly increased at 1–0 h and 2–0 h before amniorrhexis, respectively. This suggests that predicting the time of calving is possible by measuring the activity of Japanese Black cows during late pregnancy using camera image analysis as a non-invasive technique.  相似文献   

Histopathology of spontaneous intimal thickening in the aorta of dogs     

Y Saso  H Nakayama  R Takahashi  K Doi  K Fujiwara 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1987,49(5):932-934

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Natural antibiotic function of a human gastric mucin against Helicobacter pylori infection     

Kawakubo M  Ito Y  Okimura Y  Kobayashi M  Sakura K  Kasama S  Fukuda MN  Fukuda M  Katsuyama T  Nakayama J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,305(5686):1003-1006

Helicobacter pylori infects the stomachs of nearly a half the human population, yet most infected individuals remain asymptomatic, which suggests that there is a host defense against this bacterium. Because H. pylori is rarely found in deeper portions of the gastric mucosa, where O-glycans are expressed that have terminal alpha1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine, we tested whether these O-glycans might affect H. pylori growth. Here, we report that these O-glycans have antimicrobial activity against H. pylori, inhibiting its biosynthesis of cholesteryl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, a major cell wall component. Thus, the unique O-glycans in gastric mucin appeared to function as a natural antibiotic, protecting the host from H. pylori infection.  相似文献