Evaluation and utilization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aegilops</Emphasis> and wild <Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum</Emphasis> species for enhancing iron and zinc content in wheat     

Nidhi Rawat  Vijay K. Tiwari  Neelam Singh  Gursharn S. Randhawa  Kuldeep Singh  Parveen Chhuneja  Harcharan S. Dhaliwal 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(1):53-64

Grains of 80 accessions of nine species of wild Triticum and Aegilops along with 15 semi-dwarf cultivars of bread and durum wheat grown over 2 years at Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, were analyzed for grain iron and zinc content. The bread and durum cultivars had very low content and little variability for both of these micronutrients. The related non-progenitor wild species with S, U and M genomes showed up to 3–4 folds higher iron and zinc content in their grains as compared to bread and durum wheat. For confirmation, two Ae. kotschyi Boiss. accessions were analyzed after ashing and were found to have more than 30% higher grain ash content than the wheat cultivars containing more than 75% higher iron and 60% higher zinc than that of wheat. There were highly significant differences for iron and zinc contents among various cultivars and wild relatives over both the years with very high broad sense heritability. There was a significantly high positive correlation between flag leaf iron and grain iron (r = 0.82) and flag leaf zinc and grain zinc (r = 0.92) content of the selected donors suggesting that the leaf analysis could be used for early selection for high iron and zinc content. ‘Chinese Spring’ (Ph ^I ) was used for inducing homoeologous chromosome pairing between Aegilops and wheat genomes and transferring these useful traits from the wild species to the elite wheat cultivars. A majority of the interspecific hybrids had higher leaf iron and zinc content than their wheat parents and equivalent or higher content than their Aegilops parents suggesting that the parental Aegilops donors possess a more efficient system for uptake and translocation of the micronutrients which could ultimately be utilized for wheat grain biofortification. Partially fertile to sterile BC₁ derivatives with variable chromosomes of Aegilops species had also higher leaf iron and zinc content confirming the possibility of transfer of required variability. Some of the fertile BC₁F₃ and BC₂F₂ derivatives had as high grain ash and grain ash iron and zinc content as that of the donor Aegilops parent. Further work on backcrossing, selfing, selection of fertile derivatives, leaf and grain analyses for iron and zinc for developing biofortified bread and durum wheat cultivars is in progress. Nidhi Rawat, Vijay K. Tiwari, and Neelam Singh have contributed equally to the work.  相似文献   

Metabolic clustering of a core collection of Indian ginseng Withania somnifera Dunal through DNA, isoenzyme, polypeptide and withanolide profile diversity     

Narayan D Chaurasiya  Rajender S Sangwan  Laxmi N. Misra  Rakesh Tuli  Neelam S Sangwan   《Fitoterapia》2009,80(8):496-505

Withania somnifera is one of the most important medicinal plants of Ayurveda and finds extensive uses in Indian traditional herbal preparations. In this investigation, selected accessions of the plant were examined for diversity through RAPDs, isoenzymes, polypeptide polymorphism and withanolide profiles. The accessions clustered together with respect to their characteristic profile of major withanolides and represented withaferin A, withanone, withanolide D or withanolide A rich groups. This level of phytochemical diversity as discrete chemotypes is widest and is being first ever documented to occur in Indian population of the plant.  相似文献   

Analysis of expressed sequence tags from Uromyces appendiculatus hyphae and haustoria and their comparison to sequences from other rust fungi     

Puthoff DP  Neelam A  Ehrenfried ML  Scheffler BE  Ballard L  Song Q  Campbell KB  Cooper B  Tucker ML 《Phytopathology》2008,98(10):1126-1135

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Characterizing the Economic Value and Impacts of Wild Pig Damage on a Rural Economy     

Neelam C. Poudyal  Carlotta Caplenor  Omkar Joshi  Cristina Maldonado  Lisa I. Muller  Chuck Yoest 《Human Dimensions of Wildlife》2017,22(6):538-549

Wild pigs are a free-ranging invasive species capable of inflicting significant damage on rural property. Wildlife management personnel may benefit from understanding the negative societal impact of wild pigs. A statewide mail survey of randomly selected landowners was conducted in rural Tennessee counties known to have wild pigs. The economic value of damage caused by wild pigs in 2015 in these counties was estimated at $26.22 million, whereas the cost incurred in control and eradication was $2.09 million. Input-output modeling of damage in these counties on the state’s economy showed $32.8 million in lost industrial output, $4.6 million in lost labor income, and 332 jobs or job equivalents affected. Findings are useful in understanding the types of damage, and the extent of these impacts on the rural economy. They could also facilitate comparing the expected benefit with the cost of control programs in Tennessee and comparable areas facing similar invasions from wild pigs.  相似文献   

海洋细菌生物膜用于生物修复陆地生态系统中土壤多环芳烃污染     

Neelam MANGWANI  Supriya KUMARI  Surajit DAS 《土壤圈》2017,27(3):548-558

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in soil retain for a quite long period due to their hydrophobicity and aggregation properties. Biofilm-forming marine bacterial consortium(named as NCPR), composed of Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila NCW702,Alcaligenes faecalis NCW402, Pseudomonas mendocina NR802, Pseudomonas aeruginosa N6P6, and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes NP103, was used for the bioremediation of PAHs in a soil microcosm. Phenanthrene and pyrene were used as reference PAHs. Parameters that can affect PAH degradation, such as chemotaxis, solubility of PAHs in extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), and catechol2,3-dioxygenase(C23O) activity, were evaluated. P. aeruginosa N6P6 and P. pseudoalcaligenes NP103 showed chemotactic movement towards both the reference PAHs. The solubility of both the PAHs was increased with an increase in EPS concentration(extracted from all the 5 selected isolates). Significantly(P 0.001) high phenanthrene(70.29%) and pyrene(55.54%) degradation was observed in the bioaugmented soil microcosm. The C23O enzyme activity was significantly(P 0.05) higher in the bioaugmented soil microcosm with phenanthrene added at 173.26 ± 2.06 nmol min~(-1) mg~(-1) protein than with pyrene added at 61.80 ± 2.20 nmol min~(-1) mg~(-1) protein. The C23O activity and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analyses indicated catechol pathway of phenanthrene metabolism. However, the metabolites obtained from the soil microcosm added with pyrene revealed both the catechol and phthalate pathways for pyrene degradation.  相似文献   

Diagnostic Leaf Nutrient Norms and Identification of Yield-Limiting Nutrients of Mango in Eastern Plateau and Hill Region of India     

S. K. Naik  B. P. Bhatt 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(13):1574-1583

The leaf nutritional status of mango orchards was assessed using diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS). The DRIS norms, which showed higher variance and lower coefficients of variation, are found to have greater diagnostic precision. As per DRIS indices, a relative deficiency for magnesium, zinc, and boron corresponding to relative sufficiency for calcium, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and potassium was detected in 9-year-old mango orchards. For the younger orchards (6–7 year old), the order of requirement of nutrients was found to be calcium > sulfur > potassium > boron > nitrogen > phosphorus > magnesium > zinc. Boron was found as the most yield-limiting elements in all age group of plants. When the DRIS indices were compared on the basis of soil pH, calcium and magnesium were most yield-limiting nutrients below pH 5.5, while nitrogen, zinc, and boron were found to be most limiting above pH 5.5.  相似文献   

Preparation nutritional value and acceptability of barleyrabadi — an indigenous fermented food of India     

Manju Gupta  Neelam Khetarpaul  B. M. Chauhan 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1992,42(4):351-358

Rabadi fermentation of barley flour-buttermilk mixture (fresh and autoclaved) at 30, 35 and 40°C for 6, 12, 18, 24 and 48 h lowered pH, enhanced titratable acidity and did not change fat and total mineral (Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and P) content. Protein content of fermented fresh as well as autoclaved barley flour-buttermilk mixture either decreased or remained unchanged.Rabadi prepared from both types of barley flour at different temperatures and time periods was acceptable; but that which was fermented at 40°C for 48 h was less acceptable in terms of taste.  相似文献   

Synergistic effect of inoculating plant growth-promoting Pseudomonas spp. and Rhizobium leguminosarum-FB1 on growth and nutrient uptake of rajmash (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)     

Pankaj Kumar Mishra  Shekhar Chandra Bisht  Krishnan Jeevanandan  Sanjay Kumar  Jaideep Kumar Bisht  Jagdish Chandra Bhatt 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(6):799-815

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) Pseudomonas lurida-NPRp15 and Pseudomonas putida-PGRs4 possessing multiple plant growth-promoting traits were isolated from rhizoplane of pea and rhizosphere of garlic, respectively. The effects of individuals and combinations of Pseudomonas spp. with effective root nodulating symbiotic nitrogen fixing Rhizobium leguminosarum-FB1 on plant growth, nutrient uptake and yield of the rajmash plant were studied under greenhouse conditions. Bacterial inoculation resulted in significantly higher values for plant dry biomass, N, P, K, Zn and Fe contents as compared to the uninoculated control. Furthermore, dual inoculation of P. lurida-NPRp15 with R. leguminosarum-FB1 significantly increased root and shoot dry weight, nodulation, nutrient uptake, pod yield, and nutrient content of pods of rajmash VL63 compared to controls, single and triple inoculation. The results of the study indicate the potential of harnessing the benefit of plant growth-promoting and nitrogen-fixing microorganisms to improve the growth and yield of rajmash.  相似文献   

Effect of seed size on protein and lipid contents,germination and imbibition in true potato seeds     

A. K. Bhatt  T. C. Bhalla  H. O. Agrawal  M. D. Upadhya 《Potato Research》1989,32(4):477-481

Summary Seeds of an open pollinated crop of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) TPS-2, cv. Kufri Jyoti, were graded into four sizes. There were significant differences between grades for 100-seed weight, the concentrations of total proteins and ethanol soluble proteins, and total lipids and phospholipids. Large seeds contained higher levels (% dry weight) of total proteins, ethanol soluble proteins and alkali soluble proteins than small seeds and they germinated faster and had the highest percentage of germination. Small seeds had the lowest levels of total lipids, phospholipids and water soluble proteins, the longest water saturation time and the lowest germination.  相似文献   

Biodiversity, current developments and potential biotechnological applications of phosphorus-solubilizing and -mobilizing microbes: A review   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Divjot KOUR  Kusam Lata RANA  Tanvir KAUR  Neelam YADAV  Ajar Nath YADAV  Manish KUMAR  Vinod KUMAR  Harcharan Singh DHALIWAL  Anil Kumar SAXENA 《土壤圈》2021,31(1):43-75

As one of the most important and essential macronutrients next to nitrogen,phosphorus(P)is important for plant development,but it is the least mobile nutrient element in plant and soil.Globally,P is mined from geological sediments and added to agricultural soils so as to meet the critical requirements of crop plants for agronomic productivity.Phosphorus exists in soil in both organic and inorganic forms.The various inorganic forms of the element in soil are salts with calcium,iron,and aluminum,whereas the organic forms come from decaying vegetation and microbial residue.There is a huge diversity of plant microbiomes(epiphytic,endophytic,and rhizospheric)and soil microbiomes that have the capability to solubilize the insoluble P and make it available to plant.The main mechanism for the solubilization of inorganic P is by the production of organic acids,which lowers soil pH,or by the production of acid and alkaline phosphatases,which causes the mineralization of organic P.The P-solubilizing and-mobilizing microorganisms belong to all three domains,comprising archaea,bacteria,and eukarya.The strains belonging to the genera Arthrobacter,Bacillus,Burkholderia,Natrinema,Pseudomonas,Rhizobium,and Serratia have been reported as efficient and potential P solubilizers.The use of P solubilizers,alone or in combination with other plant growth-promoting microbes as an eco-friendly microbial consortium,could increase the P uptake of crops,increasing their yields for agricultural and environmental sustainability.  相似文献