Spatial units and scales for cultural ecosystem services: a comparison illustrated by cultural heritage and entertainment services in Scotland     

Aalders  Inge  Stanik  Nils 《Landscape Ecology》2019,34(7):1635-1651

Landscape Ecology - The diverse use of spatial units and scales in cultural ecosystem service (CES) assessments hinders the development of systematic approaches and the comparability of CES studies...  相似文献   

Monitoring protein structural changes and hydration in bovine meat tissue due to salt substitutes by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy     

Perisic N  Afseth NK  Ofstad R  Kohler A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(18):10052-10061

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of NaCl and two salt substitutes, MgSO4 and KCl, in different concentrations (1.5, 6.0, and 9.0%) on meat proteins by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy. Hydration properties and secondary structural properties of proteins were investigated by studying the amide I, amide II, and water regions (3500-3000 cm(-1)) in FTIR spectra. By applying multivariate analysis (PCA and PLSR), differences between samples according to salt concentration and salt type were found and correlated to spectral bands. The most distinctive differences related to salt type were obtained by using the water region. It was found that samples salted with MgSO4 exhibited hydration and subsequent denaturation of proteins at lower concentrations than those salted with NaCl. Samples salted with KCl brines showed less denaturation even at the 9.0% concentration. The FTIR results were further supported by water-binding capacity (WBC) measurements.  相似文献   

On the Fine Structure and Mucosubstances in the Bulbourethral Gland in the Domestic Boar     

Ellen Holm  Nielsen  Vibeke Wang  Sørensen Nils  Björkman 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》1977,6(3):278-283

The purpose was to study the fine structure of the cells and the histochemistry of the mucosubstances of the porcine bulbourethral gland. The material comprised adult boars from the Danish Landrace, two for electron microscopy and 10 for ordinary histology and histochemistry. The methods included histology, electron microscopy and histochemical tests on mucosubstances. The fine structure of the cells and the histochemistry of the mucosubstances of the secretory granules were described. The functional aspects of the findings were discussed.  相似文献   

Spatial distribution of Escherichia coli O157-positive farms in Scotland     

Toft N  Innocent GT  McKendrick IJ  Ternent HE  Mellor DJ  Gunn GJ  Synge B  Reid SW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2005,71(1-2):45-56

Using a sample of 949 Scottish farms with finishing cattle, the spatial distribution of Escherichia coli O157-positive farms was investigated using disease mapping models. The overall prevalence of E. coli O157-positive farms was estimated as 22%. The regions used in this study were the 16 postcode areas of Scotland. For each region, the posterior relative risk (RR) was estimated as a model-based alternative to the saturated standardized morbidity ratio (SMR), i.e., the ratio between observed and expected cases in a region. Three Bayesian hierarchical models with generalized linear modeling of the area-specific risks were used to estimate the posterior relative risk of E. coli O157-positive farms in the postcode areas: a random-effects model incorporating only spatially uncorrelated heterogeneity; a model incorporating both spatially correlated and uncorrelated heterogeneity; and a pseudo-mixture model with unstructured correlation and a weighted mix of two variance components representing the spatial correlation and a jump structure. None of the models identified any areas with a significant increase or decrease in risk. The deviance information criteria slightly favored the simplest model (RR range: 0.92--1.09). However, this model appeared to smooth out more of the variation in the RR compared to the pseudo-mixture model, which gave a more informative pattern of the posterior relative risks (range: 0.81--1.22).  相似文献   

Action of pesticides on earthworms. Part IV: Uptake and elimination of oxamyl compared with carbofuran     

J Rgen Stenersen  Nils ien 《Pest management science》1980,11(4):396-400

Uptake and excretion of the two carbamates, oxamyl and carbofuran, which differ greatly in their toxicity to earthworms, were studied in one worm species; the metabolism of oxamyl was studied in six worm species. Carbofuran was taken up by the worms at a much higher rate (13 times greater) than oxamyl when the worms were dipped in aqueous solutions of the pesticides. The relative rates of elimination were the same (half-life 2.5 h). Metabolism of oxamyl was low in all the earthworms studied. The low rate of uptake may therefore be the main factor for the safety of oxamyl in respect of these important non-target organisms.  相似文献   

Neurogenic and Myogenic Responses in Isolated Smooth Muscle of The Bovine Teat     

Axel Isaksson  Nils O. Sjstrand 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1984,25(3):385

Strips of bovine teat smooth muscle were studied. Their innervation was investigated with analytical pharmacology on field stimulated preparations. The content of noradrenaline in the teat wall and the sphincter region was determined. The main results were: teat smooth muscle has properties of single unit smooth muscle i.e. automaticity and active response to stretch. Especially the sphincter region is inclined to rapid phasic rhythmicity. The teat smooth muscle receives excitatory adrenergic innervation. The noradrenaline released from the nerves preferentially activates α-adrenoceptors, while β-adrenoceptors essentially are noninnervated and humoral. The sphincter region has a higher concentration of noradrenaline and a more intimate neuro-effector arrangement. This is probably of functional significance. Moderate chilling increases the response to adrenergic nerve stimulation while it is decreased at higher temperatures. This has most likely physiological importance. The results are discussed with respect to in vivo findings and it is concluded that the bovine teat smooth muscle with its excitatory adrenergic nerves forms a normally very efficient neuro-effector system with a particular strength in the sphincter around the streak canal.  相似文献   

Effect of temperature and humidity on sperm morphology in duroc boars under different housing systems in Thailand   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Suriyasomboon A  Lundeheim N  Kunavongkrit A  Einarsson S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(8):777-785

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of season, temperature, humidity, age of the boar, and semen collection interval on sperm morphology in Duroc boars in Thailand, kept either in a conventional open air system (CONV) or in an evaporative cooling system (EVAP). In total, 1176 ejaculates from 110 sexually mature boars in six CONV herds and five EVAP herds were morphologically examined during a one-year period. Analysis of variance was applied to the data. Minor differences in the sperm morphology traits analyzed were found between the housing systems. There was a significant seasonal effect (two-month periods) on the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa (normal1), morphologically normal spermatozoa including spermatozoa with distal cytoplasmic droplets (normal2), proximal cytoplasmic droplets (prox), and sperm head abnormalities (P相似文献   

A surgical approach for extensive orbital exenteration in dogs; a description of technique and its application in 4 cases     

Karin Berggren  Nils Wallin Hkansson 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2019,22(3):238-245

  相似文献   

Stress protein response (Hsp70) and avoidance behaviour in Eisenia fetida, Aporrectodea caliginosa and Lumbricus terrestris when exposed to imidacloprid     

Nils Dittbrenner  Yvan Capowiez  Heinz-R. K?hler  Rita Triebskorn 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2012,12(2):198-206

Purpose  

The earthworm species Eisenia fetida and Eisenia andrei are commonly used in ecotoxicological standard tests. In the present study, we compared the sensitivity of E. fetida with that of two soil-dwelling earthworm species (Aporrectodea caliginosa and Lumbricus terrestris) in order to evaluate the capacity of E. fetida to predict effects of the insecticide imidacloprid. Responses were compared using two endpoints, a biochemical (changes in heat shock protein level (hsp70)) and a behavioural (avoidance behaviour).  相似文献   

Evidence of differential spreading events of grapevine pinot Gris virus in Italy using datamining as a tool     

Hily  Jean-Michel  Komar  Véronique  Poulicard  Nils  Velt  Amandine  Renault  Lauriane  Mustin  Pierre  Vigne  Emmanuelle  Spilmont  Anne-Sophie  Lemaire  Olivier 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2021,161(3):735-742

European Journal of Plant Pathology - Since its identification in 2003, grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV, Trichovirus) has now been detected in most grape-growing countries. So far, little is known...  相似文献