Inhibition activity of essential oils obtained from Japanese trees against <Emphasis Type="Italic">Skeletonema costatum</Emphasis>     

Kazuya Tsuruta  Yayoi Yoshida  Norihisa Kusumoto  Nobuhiro Sekine  Tatsuya Ashitani  Koetsu Takahashi 《Journal of Wood Science》2011,57(6):520-525

The growth inhibition activities of essential oils obtained from Cryptomeria japonica, Chamaecyparis obtusa, and Pinus thunbergii were examined against the bacillariophyceae Skeletonema costatum, also known as red tide plankton. The essential oils were extracted from the heartwood, leaves, and bark of these typical indigenous Japanese conifers. The essential oils from C. japonica bark and P. thunbergii heartwood possessed strong growth inhibition activity. The chemical compositions of these essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). α-Terpineol and longifolene were the main components of the essential oil from P. thunbergii heartwood. The C. japonica bark essential oil was mainly composed of α-terpineol, δ-cadinene, isophyllocladene, and ferruginol. Ferruginol and longifolene showed more potent growth inhibition against S. costatum than hinokitiol (β-thujaplicine), which is known to be a strong antifungal compound among wood components. Ferruginol and longifolene were important factors for the growth inhibition activity of the essential oils from C. japonica bark and P. thunbergii heartwood, respectively. These results suggest the possibility of using C. japonica bark and P. thunbergii heartwood for the control of red tide plankton.  相似文献   

Relationship between adipose maturity and fatty acid composition in various adipose tissues of Japanese Black,Holstein and Crossbred (F1) steers     

Ju‐Hwan LEE  Ichiro YAMAMOTO  Jin‐Suk JEONG  Toshihiro NADE  Toshiro ARAI  Nobuhiro KIMURA 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(5):689-697

The amount of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) is intimately related to adipose softness, melting point (MP) and flavor in beef. Stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD) is a main gene involved in MUFA synthesis. Mature adipose tends to be highly saturated, whereas immature or maturing adipose is highly unsaturated when chronologically based, so the degree of non‐saturation can be an index of adipose maturity. In this study, three different adipose tissues (coelomic (CL), perirenal (PR), and subcutaneous (SC)) from three beef breeds with differing slaughter ages (Japanese Black (29.5 months), Holstein (20.1 month), and F1 crossbreed (25.6 months)) were examined to: (i) determine adipose maturity level as indexed by MUFA %; and (ii) determine SCD and other lipogenic gene messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels in relation to unsaturated fatty acid content. Fatty acid composition was significantly different between adipose tissues (P < 0.05). MUFA amount was high in the following order: SC > CL > PR. This pattern corresponded to SCD mRNA expression profile showing higher expression in SC than CL and PR. However, Japanese black cattle are an exception with CL adipose containing similar UFA % as SC adipose, yet having the lowest SCD mRNA expression level among all adipose tissues tested. Therefore, SCD mRNA expression and MUFA % appear to be directly related; however, differences in SCD mRNA expression among three adipose tissues may reflect differences in the fat development characteristics affected by chronological age of the cattle breeds.  相似文献   

Therapeutic effect of anti-TNF-α antibody and levofloxacin (LVFX) in a mouse model of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 infection     

Emiko Isogai  Hiroshi Isogai  Kimiharu Hirose  Toru Kubota  Koichi Kimura  Nobuhiro Fujii  Shunji Hayashi  Koichi Takeshi  Keiji Oguma 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2001,24(4)

The ability of an anti-TNF-α antibody to confer protection against enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157 was investigated in germfree IQI mice. The use of an antibiotic levofloxacin (LVFX) alone or with the antibody was also studied. Protection included an increase in survival rate. Treatment with the anti-TNF-α antibody inhibited the histological signs associated with EHEC infection but did not prevent the colonization of EHEC or production of Shiga toxin (Stx). No clinical signs were observed and EHEC was completely eliminated in the mouse model receiving both anti-TNF-α antibody and LVFX. Anti-TNF-α antibody suppressed inflammatory cytokine response in the mouse kidney and brain by EHEC infection.  相似文献   

Neuropathogenicity of mutant strains of mouse hepatitis virus, JHM   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

N Goto  Y Tsutsumi  A Sato  K Fujiwara 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1987,49(5):779-786

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Comparative study of the effects of various cryoprotectants in preserving the morphology of frozen and thawed fowl spermatozoa     

T. Maeda  T. Terada  Y. Tsutsumi 《British poultry science》1984,25(4):547-553

1. The effects of various cryoprotectants (glycerol, dimethyl‐sulphoxide (DMSO), methylformamide and ethylene glycol) of the same molarity on preserving the morphology of frozen and thawed fowl spermatozoa (especially midpiece and acrosome) were examined under the light (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to determine the most suitable.

2. Under LM, the mean respective increases in sperm deformity in semen diluted with ethylene glycol, methylformamide, glycerol and DMSO were 4·5, 4·9, 5·0 and 6·5 percentage points.

3. Under SEM, the mean respective increases in acrosomal deterioration in semen diluted with glycerol, ethylene glycol, DMSO and methylformamide were 6·6, 8·8, 13·1 and 31·2 percentage points.

4. From these results, it appears that glycerol is superior to ethylene glycol DMSO and methylformamide as a cryoprotectant.

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Severe hypoplasia of the omasal laminae in a Japanese Black steer with chronic bloat--a case report     

Takagi M  Mukai S  Fushimi Y  Matsushita K  Miyoshi N  Yasuda N  Kitajima H  Takamure S  Matsushita T  Kitamura N  Deguchi E 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(12):1281-1286

An 11-month-old Japanese Black steer with chronic bloat underwent clinical and histological analyses. During the observation period, it showed normal appetite and fecal volume but persistent chronic bloat symptoms. Compared to controls, the steer's feces contained undigested large straws. Necropsy revealed normal rumen, reticulum, and abomasum but a small omasum. The rumen, reticulum, and abomasum mucosa was normal, with well-developed ruminal papillae. However, severe hypoplasia of the omasal laminae was observed along with hypoplasia reticular groove and ruminoreticular fold. The contents of the reticulum, omasum, and abomasums comprised undigested large sized hay particles. The omasum papillae showed no pathological abnormalities. This is a rare case of a steer with chronic bloat probably caused by severe hypoplasia of the omasal laminae.  相似文献   

Timing of Puberty and Its Relationship with Body Growth and Season in Male Raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Hokkaido     

Minami W. OKUYAMA  Michito SHIMOZURU  Go ABE  Mariko NAKAI  Mariko SASHIKA  Ken-Ichiro SHIMADA  Nobuhiro TAKAHASHI  Daisuke FUKUI  Ryohei NAKAMURA  Toshio TSUBOTA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(4):361-367

The raccoon (Procyon lotor), indigenous to North America, has naturalized in Japan as an invasive alien species, having been introduced into the country in the 1970s. In Hokkaido, the northernmost island of Japan, feral raccoons have been increasing in number and spreading throughout the island. The age at the onset of puberty for raccoons is important for estimating individual lifetime reproductive success and population growth. The present study investigated the timing of and potential factors affecting the onset of puberty in male raccoons in Hokkaido. External characteristics and histology of testes were studied in 151 male feral raccoons and in 1 captive juvenile. For the majority of feral yearling raccoons, prepubertal development began in May, and spermatozoa production began in October prior to their second mating season. However, some larger juveniles attained puberty during the juvenile period. The captive juvenile, which was fed throughout the winter, attained puberty only 11 months after birth. These results suggest that if male raccoons can achieve enough body growth before the first mating season, puberty can be attained early. In both juveniles and yearlings, spermatozoa production was only observed after autumn. This timing coincided with the recrudescence of seasonally active spermatogenesis in adult males. Therefore, attaining puberty in male raccoons appears to require both adequate body nutrient development and several environmental factors that control seasonal testicular changes.  相似文献   

Relationship between resistance to pine wilt disease and the migration or proliferation of pine wood nematodes     

Yasuhiro Mori  Fumihiko Miyahara  Yuji Tsutsumi  Ryuichiro Kondo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,122(4):529-538

To study the relationship between resistance to pine wilt disease and the migration or proliferation of pine wood nematodes (PWN) (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), we conducted experiments using clonally-propagated Japanese black pines (Pinus thunbergii) with pre-evaluated individual resistance levels. Bark including the cortical resin canals—one of the main migration pathways of PWN—was removed by girdling, but neither the migration of PWN nor symptom development of pine wilt disease were inhibited by this treatment in non-resistant clones. Histological observations showed no significant differences in the lumen area or the number of cortical- and xylem- axial resin canals between resistant and susceptible clone groups from a half-sib family. A bioassay using methanol extracts from resistant and susceptible clones showed that extracts from both clones showed similar attractant effects to PWN, but neither had repellent effects. The resistant clones were multi-inoculated with PWN into three split points to mimic migration in the stem. The proportion of damaged plants was not significantly different from that in single-inoculated plants (control). In this experiment, the number of PWN detected from partially-damaged plants was much higher than that from non-damaged plants. An inoculation test using stem cuttings showed that the population of PWN increased in susceptible cuttings at 1–20 days after inoculation (dai), while it remained unchanged or gradually decreased in resistant cuttings. These findings suggested that the factors contributing to resistance were associated with inhibiting the proliferation of PWN, rather than inhibiting their migration.  相似文献   

Influence of dietary soy protein and peptide products on bile acid status and distal intestinal morphology of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss     

Takeshi Yamamoto  Koji Murashita  Hiroyuki Matsunari  Tsuyoshi Sugita  Hirofumi Furuita  Yasuro Iwashita  Shunji Amano  Nobuhiro Suzuki 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(6):1273-1283

To investigate the influence of dietary soy protein size on the bile acid status and the distal intestinal morphology in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, diets based on soybean meal (SBM), soy protein isolate (SPI) and 4 soy peptide products having different molecular sizes were fed to trout (initial BW, 19?g) for 10?weeks. A diet based on fish meal (Cont) and a diet including the smallest-peptide and low-saponin product (Hi-Nute AM) and supplemented with soya saponin (AMS) were also fed. In fish fed diets SBM and SPI, the gallbladder was atrophied, the proportion of biliary cholyltaurine decreased, and highly vacuolated epithelial cells of mucosal folds and proliferation of connective tissues in the submucosa of the distal intestine were observed. These parameters tended to improve in fish fed soy peptide diets and especially those of fish fed diet AM were similar to fish fed diet Cont. Although the gallbladder of fish fed diet AMS was smaller than fish fed the unsupplemented diet AM, no morphological abnormalities were observed in the distal intestine. These results suggest that soy proteins/peptides with relatively large sizes and with soya saponin affect the bile acid status and distal intestinal morphology of rainbow trout.  相似文献   

Distribution,body length,and abundance of blue shark and shortfin mako offshore of northeastern Japan,as determined from observed pelagic longline data, 2000–2014          下载免费PDF全文

Seiji Ohshimo  Yuki Fujinami  Ko Shiozaki  Mikihiko Kai  Yasuko Semba  Nobuhiro Katsumata  Daisuke Ochi  Hiroaki Matsunaga  Hiroshi Minami  Masashi Kiyota  Kotaro Yokawa 《Fisheries Oceanography》2016,25(3):259-276

Longline surveys have been conducted in the Northwest Pacific Ocean from 2000 to 2014 using chartered commercial longline vessels. Each year, two cruises were conducted offshore of northeastern Japan from mid‐April to mid‐June. For each longline set during the surveys, onboard scientists collected detailed biological information about the species caught, such as the size and sex, and recorded the catch numbers for all species. Blue shark (Prionace glauca) and shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) have eurythermal distributions, but the application of a generalized additive model (GAM) showed that the sea surface temperatures (SSTs) at catch sites positive for shortfin mako were warmer than those for blue shark. On the basis of the GAM, the probabilities of occurrence of both sharks differed by size category: small sharks had a narrower SST range than that of large sharks. Most catches of both sharks were juveniles, and the nominal catch rate of blue shark was more than 10 times that of shortfin mako. The standardized catch per unit effort (CPUE) for both species was calculated using a generalized linear model (GLM) with negative binomial errors, or a delta‐lognormal GLM. The standardized CPUE for blue shark in the second quarter of the year peaked in the mid‐2000s and then decreased, but it has been increasing since 2012. The CPUE for shortfin mako in the second quarter generally increased, with fluctuations.  相似文献