Science-policy interface: beyond assessments     

Hulme M  Mahony M  Beck S  Görg C  Hansjürgens B  Hauck J  Nesshöver C  Paulsch A  Vandewalle M  Wittmer H  Böschen S  Bridgewater P  Diaw MC  Fabre P  Figueroa A  Heong KL  Korn H  Leemans R  Lövbrand E  Hamid MN  Monfreda C  Pielke R  Settele J  Winter M  Vadrot AB  van den Hove S  van der Sluijs JP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6043):697-698

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Genome-Wide Analysis of von Willebrand Factor A Gene Family in Rice for Its Role in Imparting Biotic Stress Resistance with Emphasis on Rice Blast Disease     

Suhas Gorakh Karkute  Vishesh Kumar  Mohd Tasleem  Dwijesh Chandra Mishra  Krishna Kumar Chaturvedi  Anil Rai  Amitha Mithra Sevanthi  Kishor Gaikwad  Tilak Raj Sharma  Amolkumar U. Solanke 《水稻科学》2022,29(4):375-384

von Willebrand factor A (vWA) genes are well characterized in humans except for few BONZAI genes, but the vWA genes are least explored in plants. Considering the novelty and vital role of vWA genes, this study aimed at characterization of vWA superfamily in rice. Rice genome was found to have 40 vWA genes distributed across all the 12 chromosomes, and 20 of the 40 vWA genes were unique while the remaining shared large fragment similarities with each other, indicating gene duplication. In addition to vWA domain, vWA proteins possess other different motifs or domains, such as ubiquitin interacting motif in protein degradation pathway, and RING finger in protein-protein interaction. Expression analysis of vWA genes in available expression data suggested that they probably function in biotic and abiotic stress responses including hormonal response and signaling. The frequency of transposon elements in the entire 3K rice germplasm was negligible except for 9 vWA genes, indicating the importance of these genes in rice. Structural and functional diversities showed that the vWA genes in a blast-resistant rice variety Tetep had huge variations compared to blast-susceptible rice varieties HP2216 and Nipponbare. qRT-PCR analysis of vWA genes in Magnaporthe oryzae infected rice tissues indicated OsvWA9, OsvWA36, OsvWA37 and OsvWA18 as the optimal candidate genes for disease resistance. This is the first attempt to characterize vWA gene family in plant species.  相似文献   

Evaluating ligand-receptor networks of TGF-beta with membrane computing     

Muniyandi RC  Zin AM 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2011,14(24):1100-1108

Ligand-Receptor Networks of TGF-beta plays essential role in transmitting a wide range of extracellular signals that affect many cellular processes such as cell growth. However, the modeling of these networks with conventional approach such as ordinary differential equations has not taken into account, the spatial structure and stochastic behavior of processes involve in these networks. Membrane computing as the alternatives approach provides spatial structure for molecular computation in which processes are evaluated in a non-deterministic and maximally parallel way. This study is carried out to evaluate the membrane computing model of Ligand-Receptor Networks of TGF-beta with model checking approach. The results show that membrane computing model has sustained the behaviors and properties of Ligand-Receptor Networks of TGF-beta. This reinforce that membrane computing is capable in analyzing processes and behaviors in hierarchical structure of cell such as Ligand-Receptor Networks of TGF-beta better than the deterministic approach of conventional mathematical models.  相似文献   

Solvent-free oxidation of primary carbon-hydrogen bonds in toluene using Au-Pd alloy nanoparticles     

Kesavan L  Tiruvalam R  Ab Rahim MH  bin Saiman MI  Enache DI  Jenkins RL  Dimitratos N  Lopez-Sanchez JA  Taylor SH  Knight DW  Kiely CJ  Hutchings GJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6014):195-199

Selective oxidation of primary carbon-hydrogen bonds with oxygen is of crucial importance for the sustainable exploitation of available feedstocks. To date, heterogeneous catalysts have either shown low activity and/or selectivity or have required activated oxygen donors. We report here that supported gold-palladium (Au-Pd) nanoparticles on carbon or TiO(2) are active for the oxidation of the primary carbon-hydrogen bonds in toluene and related molecules, giving high selectivities to benzyl benzoate under mild solvent-free conditions. Differences between the catalytic activity of the Au-Pd nanoparticles on carbon and TiO(2) supports are rationalized in terms of the particle/support wetting behavior and the availability of exposed corner/edge sites.  相似文献   

Characterisation of phenolic resin and nanoclay admixture and its effect on impreg wood     

Leemon  Nabil Fikri  Ashaari  Zaidon  Uyup  Mohd Khairun Anwar  Bakar  Edi Suhaimi  Md Tahir  Paridah  Saliman  Mohd Anuar Ridzuan  Ghani  Mohd Aizat  Lee  Seng Hua 《Wood Science and Technology》2015,49(6):1209-1224

Wood Science and Technology - Bulking treatment with low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde (LmwPF) resin has been found to successfully enhance the properties of low-density wood but emit higher...  相似文献   

Localization of the antigenic sites of newcastle disease virus nucleocapsid using a panel of monoclonal antibodies     

Ahmad-Raus R  Ali AM  Tan WS  Salleh HM  Eshaghi M  Yusoff K 《Research in veterinary science》2009,86(1):174-18891

A panel of six monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the nucleocapsid (NP) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was produced by immunization of Balb/c mice with purified recombinant NP protein. Western Blot analysis showed that all the mAbs recognized linearized NP epitopes. Three different NP antigenic sites were identified using deleted truncated NP mutants purified from Escherichia coli. One of the antigenic sites was located at the C-terminal end (residues 441 to 489) of the NP protein. Two other antigenic sites were located within the N-terminal end (residues 26-121 and 122-375). This study demonstrates that the N- and C-terminal ends of the NP proteins are responsible in eliciting immune response, thus it is most likely that these ends are exposed on the NP.  相似文献   

Use of Lignocellulolytic Microbial Consortium and pH Amendment on Composting Efficacy of Rice Straw     

H. Kausar  Mohd Razi Ismail  Halimi Mohd Saud  Radziah Othman  S. Habib 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(3-4):121-133

ABSTRACT

The present study was conducted at the Composting Unit, Universiti Putra Malaysia to determine the physico-chemical changes, microbial dynamics, and enzyme activities during microbial composting of rice straw at different pH conditions. Different treatments comprising of composting substrates (A), substrates with microbial consortium (B), substrates, microbial consortium, and acetic acid (C), substrates, microbial consortium, and sodium hydroxide (D) were used to enhance the composting process of rice straw. In inoculated treatments, the temperature increased rapidly to higher than 50°C by day 5 and remained above 40°C up to day 17, while in the control the temperature increased slowly and peaked (46°C) at day 9 and remained above 40°C until day 23. The results showed that biodegradation was at its maximum in microbial-infused treatments within 14–21 days as indicated by profiles of pH, reduction of C/N ratio, lignocellulolytic (lignin peroxidase, endoglucanase, and exoglucanase) enzyme activities, and lignocellulose bioconversion. After day 21, the C/N ratio of microbial-infused treatment without any pH adjustment (B) was reduced to 17.5 from an initial value of 29.2 suggesting that there were no additive effects of pH adjustment during the microbial composting of rice straw.  相似文献   

Relationship between apparent electrical conductivity and soil physical properties in a Malaysian paddy field     

Asa Gholizadeh  Mohd Amin Mohd Soom  Abdul Rahim Anuar  Wayayok Aimrun 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(2):155-168

Site-specific crop management, well-established in some developed countries, is now being considered in developing countries such as Malaysia. The apparent electrical conductivity (EC_a) of the soil can be used as an indirect indicator of a number of soil physical properties and even crop yield. Commercially available EC_a sensors can efficiently develop the spatially dense data sets desirable in describing within-field spatial soil variability for precision farming. The main purpose of this study was to generate a variability map of soil EC_a within a Malaysian paddy field using a VerisEC sensor. The EC_a values were then compared with some soil variables within classes after delineation. Measured parameters were mapped using the kriging technique and their correlation with soil EC_a was determined. The study showed that the VerisEC can determine soil spatial variability, and can acquire soil EC_a information quickly. Spatial variability of shallow and deep EC_a showed the same patterns. Estimation of soil properties based on EC_a varied from one soil parameter to another and all could be estimated better by deep EC_a. Cross-validation results showed that shallow and deep EC_a, and also bulk density, gave more accurate estimates compared with other variables.  相似文献   

Decolorization of Azo,Triphenylmethane and Anthraquinone Dyes by Laccase of a Newly Isolated <Emphasis Type="Italic">Armillaria</Emphasis> sp. F022     

Tony Hadibarata  Abdull Rahim Mohd Yusoff  Azmi Aris  Salmiati  Topik Hidayat  Risky Ayu Kristanti 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(3):1045-1054

A newly isolated white-rot fungus, Armillaria sp. strain F022, was isolated from the decayed wood in a tropical rain forest. Strain F022 was capable of decolorizing a variety of synthetic dyes, including azo, triphenylmethane, and anthraquinone dyes, with an optimal efficiency of decolorization obtained when dyes added after 96 h of culture, with the exception of Brilliant Green. All of the tested dyes were decolorized by the purified laccase in the absence of any redox mediators, but only a few were completely removed, while others were not completely removed even when decolorization time was increased. The laccase, with possible contributions from unknown enzymes, played a role in the decolorization process carried out by Armillaria sp. F022 cultures, and this biosorption contributed a negligible part to the decolorization by cultures. The effect of dye to fungal growth was also investigated. When dyes were added at 0 h of culture, the maximum dry mycelium weight (DMW) values in the medium containing Brilliant Green were 1/6 of that achieved by the control group. For other dyes, the DMW was similar with control. The toxic tolerance of dye for the cell beads was excellent at least up to a concentration of 500 mg/l. The optimum conditions for decolorization of three synthetic dyes are at pH 4 and 40°C.  相似文献   

Algae-Derived Anti-Inflammatory Compounds against Particulate Matters-Induced Respiratory Diseases: A Systematic Review     

Pek Xyen Tan  Krishnapriya Thiyagarasaiyar  Cheng-Yau Tan  You-Jin Jeon  Mohd Shahrul Mohd Nadzir  Yong-Jiang Wu  Liang-Ee Low  Atanas G. Atanasov  Long Chiau Ming  Kai Bin Liew  Bey-Hing Goh  Yoon-Yen Yow 《Marine drugs》2021,19(6)

Air pollution has recently become a subject of increasing concern in many parts of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that nearly 4.2 million early deaths are due to exposure to fine particles in polluted air, which causes multiple respiratory diseases. Algae, as a natural product, can be an alternative treatment due to potential biofunctional properties and advantages. This systematic review aims to summarize and evaluate the evidence of metabolites derived from algae as potential anti-inflammatory agents against respiratory disorders induced by atmospheric particulate matter (PM). Databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed were systematically searched for relevant published full articles from 2016 to 2020. The main key search terms were limited to “algae”, “anti-inflammation”, and “air pollutant”. The search activity resulted in the retrieval of a total of 36 publications. Nine publications are eligible for inclusion in this systematic review. A total of four brown algae (Ecklonia cava, Ishige okamurae, Sargassum binderi and Sargassum horneri) with phytosterol, polysaccharides and polyphenols were reported in the nine studies. The review sheds light on the pathways of particulate matter travelling into respiratory systems and causing inflammation, and on the mechanisms of actions of algae in inhibiting inflammation. Limitations and future directions are also discussed. More research is needed to investigate the potential of algae as anti-inflammatory agents against PM in in vivo and in vitro experimental models, as well as clinically.  相似文献