Effect of fertilizers, lime, and inoculation with rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of four leguminous tree species in a low-fertility soil     

Fatima Maria de Souza Moreira  Teotonio Soares de Carvalho  José Oswaldo Siqueira 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2010,46(8):771-779

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of lime, fertilizers, mycorrhizal fungi, and selected rhizobia strains on the growth of four woody legume species, Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth., Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong., Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, and Sesbania virgata (Cav.) Pers. in a low-fertility soil. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse condition in plastic pots (4 kg). Eight treatments and eight replicates per treatment were performed in a completely randomized design. The treatments were: (1) complete treatment (C) (NPK fertilization?+?micronutrients?+?liming?+?MR that is inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia); (2) C minus N (C???N that is as C without the addition of N); (3) C???N???M (as C???N without inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)); (4) C???N??R (as C???N without inoculation of rhizobia); (5) C???N???liming (as C???N without liming); (6) C???N???micro (as C???N without addition of micronutrients); (7) C???N???P (as C???N without addition of P); (8) control without fertilization, liming, and without inoculation with AMF and rhizobia. After 4 months of growth, we determined the yield of individual plants, nodulation, mycorrhizal colonization, and nutrient contents. Phosphorus was the most limiting nutrient for plant growth, followed by nitrogen. L. leucocephala and S. virgata had the most robust response to the addition of micronutrients and liming, showing an increase in nutrient content, plant height, and root and shoot dry matter. When compared to the single inoculation, the dual inoculation increased growth of all plants, except that of A. lebbeck, which did not respond to either rhizobia or mycorrhizal fungi inoculation.  相似文献   

Adaptation and validation of antibody-ELISA using dried blood spots on filter paper for epidemiological surveys of tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis in cattle     

Julian S. Hopkins  Harrison Chitambo  Noreen Machila  Anthony G. Luckins  Phillip F. Rae  Peter van den Bossche  Mark C. Eisler 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1998,37(1-4):91-99

The indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of anti-trypanosomal antibodies in bovine serum was adapted for use with dried blood spots on filter paper.

Absorbance (450 nm) results for samples were expressed as percent positivity, i.e. percentage of the median absorbance result of four replicates of the strong positive control serum.

The antibody-ELISA was evaluated in Zambia for use in epidemiological surveys of the prevalence of tsetse-transmitted bovine trypanosomosis. Known negative samples (sera, n=209; blood spots, n=466) were obtained from cattle from closed herds in tsetse-free areas close to Lusaka. Known positive samples (sera, n=367; blood spots, n=278) were obtained from cattle in Zambia's Central, Lusaka and Eastern Provinces, diagnosed as being infected with Trypanosoma brucei, T. congolense, or T. vivax using the phase-contrast buffy-coat technique or Giemsa-stained thick and thin blood smears. For sera (at a cut-off value of 23.0% positivity) sensitivity and specificity were 86.1 and 95.2%, respectively. For bloodspots (at a cut-off value of 18.8% positivity) sensitivity and specificity were 96.8 and 95.7%, respectively. The implications of persistence of antibodies following treatment or self-cure are discussed.  相似文献   

Differentiation between canine cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis by the detection of immunoglobulin G specific for Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi antigens using flow cytometry     

Santiago Mde A  Ribeiro FC  Mouta-Confort E  Nascimento LD  Schubach Ade O  Madeira Mde F  Bertho AL 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,154(3-4):341-346

Flow cytometry employing Leishmania (L.) chagasi (Lc) and L. (Viannia) braziliensis (Lb) antigen was used to establish the differential diagnosis between visceral (VL) and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in dogs. Flow cytometry permitted the detection of Leishmania-specific immunoglobulin G in sera from 19 dogs: nine with CL and 10 with VL. A significant difference in the percentage of positive staining was observed in sera from dogs with CL between the homologous antigen (69% for Lb) and the heterologous antigen (42% for Lc). However, this difference was not significant in sera from dogs with VL (61% for Lb and 73% for Lc). No significant staining was observed in control sera (0.6% for Lb and 0.4% for Lc) consisting of samples from healthy dogs, or in the group with sporotrichosis (1.8% for Lb and 1.5% for Lc), a differential diagnosis of CL. The results suggest that flow cytometry might be useful for the differentiation between CL and VL in dogs, with practical applications in areas where the two infections overlap.  相似文献   

The Genome sequence of the SARS-associated coronavirus     

Marra MA  Jones SJ  Astell CR  Holt RA  Brooks-Wilson A  Butterfield YS  Khattra J  Asano JK  Barber SA  Chan SY  Cloutier A  Coughlin SM  Freeman D  Girn N  Griffith OL  Leach SR  Mayo M  McDonald H  Montgomery SB  Pandoh PK  Petrescu AS  Robertson AG  Schein JE  Siddiqui A  Smailus DE  Stott JM  Yang GS  Plummer F  Andonov A  Artsob H  Bastien N  Bernard K  Booth TF  Bowness D  Czub M  Drebot M  Fernando L  Flick R  Garbutt M  Gray M  Grolla A  Jones S  Feldmann H  Meyers A  Kabani A  Li Y  Normand S  Stroher U  Tipples GA  Tyler S  Vogrig R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5624):1399-1404

We sequenced the 29,751-base genome of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus known as the Tor2 isolate. The genome sequence reveals that this coronavirus is only moderately related to other known coronaviruses, including two human coronaviruses, HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-229E. Phylogenetic analysis of the predicted viral proteins indicates that the virus does not closely resemble any of the three previously known groups of coronaviruses. The genome sequence will aid in the diagnosis of SARS virus infection in humans and potential animal hosts (using polymerase chain reaction and immunological tests), in the development of antivirals (including neutralizing antibodies), and in the identification of putative epitopes for vaccine development.  相似文献   

Eutypa dieback in grapevines: differential production of acetylenic phenol metabolites by strains of Eutypa lata     

Molyneux RJ  Mahoney N  Bayman P  Wong RY  Meyer K  Irelan N 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(6):1393-1399

The production of acetylenic phenol metabolites in vitro by three strains of the ascomycete Eutypa lata, the causative agent of dying-arm disease in grapevines, has been investigated. Metabolite composition and yields differed significantly between strains and with growth medium but usually reached a maximum after 24-30 days of fungal growth. A general method for the analysis and identification of metabolites by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of their trimethylsilyl ether derivatives was developed and individual compounds were quantitated by analytical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and separated by preparative HPLC. The phenolic aldehyde, eutypine (1), reported to be the grape phytotoxin, occurred in only one of the strains examined whereas the primary metabolite was the corresponding alcohol, eutypinol (2), the presumptive detoxification product. A novel metabolite was isolated as a major constituent, together with a minor component, and their structures were established by spectroscopic methods as a methoxyquinol, named eulatinol (4), and a chromene analog (9) of 2, respectively. The evidence suggests that 1 is not solely responsible for phytotoxicity in grapevines but that dying-arm disease may result from a suite of compounds elaborated by the fungus, with the composition dependent on fungal strain and nutritional source.  相似文献   

The disappearing Dry Chaco,one of the last dry forest systems on earth     

de la Sancha  Noé U.  Boyle  Sarah A.  McIntyre  Nancy E.  Brooks  Daniel M.  Yanosky  Alberto  Cuellar Soto  Ericka  Mereles  Fatima  Camino  Micaela  Stevens  Richard D. 《Landscape Ecology》2021,36(10):2997-3012

Landscape Ecology - The Dry Chaco spans more than 87 million hectares across Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay. This unique forest system has experienced extensive loss and fragmentation due to...  相似文献   

Daily activity pattern of the marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone 1931) juveniles under laboratory conditions     

Cibele Soares Pontes  Maria de Fatima Arruda  Alexandre Augusto de Lara Menezes  & Patrícia Pereira de Lima 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(10):1001-1006

Lack of information on the daily activity patterns of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone 1931) might result in inadequate feed management strategies in shrimp farms. In order to provide information to improve feed management in shrimp farms, the daily activity of juvenile shrimp reared in glass aquaria was studied, using L. vannamei (7.57±1.01 g), equivalent to 33 shrimp m^?2. Thirty‐two shrimp were observed, half in light and half in dark phase, over 280 h in 15 min h^?1 windows. Feed was provided once a day, at 10% of tank biomass. Swimming, exploration of substrate, inactivity and cleaning were recorded through instantaneous focal sampling. During the dark phase, swimming was predominant and alternated with exploration. In the light phase, inactivity was predominant, and again alternated with exploration. Cleaning occurred evenly in both the light and the dark. Substrate exploration, which characterizes the search for food, occurred in both dark and light phases, with a most intense peak 7 h after light phase onset, indicating this as the optimal feed offer.  相似文献   

Molecular cytogenetics and flow cytometry reveal conserved genome organization in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus mugo</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">P. uncinata</Emphasis>     

Faruk Bogunić  Sonja Siljak-Yakovlev  Edina Muratović  Fatima Pustahija  Safer Medjedović 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(1):179-187

• Introduction   

The most common representatives of the European mountain pine complex (Pinus mugo s.l.) are P. mugo s.s. and Pinus uncinata.  相似文献   

A 50-year record of quinolone and sulphonamide antimicrobial agents in Seine River sediments     

Fatima Tamtam  Barbara Le Bot  Tuc Dinh  Sophie Mompelat  Joelle Eurin  Marc Chevreuil  Philippe Bonté  Jean-Marie Mouchel  Sophie Ayrault 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2011,11(5):852-859

Purpose  

Even though sediments may represent a reservoir for antimicrobial agents, little is known about the persistence of these molecules over time or their accumulation. In this study, six antimicrobial agents, oxolinic acid, flumequine, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim, were investigated in a sediment core from the Seine River. This work aimed to (1) measure antimicrobial agent contamination levels in the sediment and identify their origins, (2) obtain information on the persistence of these compounds in sediment over long periods (>4 years) and (3) show the existence of a historical record in sediment of river contamination by antimicrobial agents.  相似文献   

A serological study of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in Thoroughbreds in Trinidad     

Asgarali Z  Coombs DK  Mohammed F  Campbell MD  Caesar E 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,144(1-2):167-171

Ninety-three (93) horses were investigated for serum antibodies to Theileria equi (T. equi) and Babesia caballi (B. caballi) using the immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Seventy-seven (82.8%) horses were seropositive; 31 (33.3%) were positive to T. equi compared to 64 (68.8%) to B. caballi while 18 (19.4%) horses were seropositive to both parasites. No significant differences in antibody frequencies among females and males for either T. equi or B. caballi were noted. Differences in seropositivity to B. caballi among age groups were not significant. Antibodies to T. equi were more frequent than to B.caballi in the age group 5 years and over than in the 1-2 and 2-4 years age groups (p<0.05). Unlike T. equi antibodies, B. caballi antibodies in horses in the county of Caroni were significantly less frequent when compared to other counties (p<0.05). Of 18 (19.4%) clinically ill horses, seven (42.9%) had clinicopathological evidence of anemia. Only one-third (6 of 18) horses were positive for the parasite on Wright-Giemsa stained blood smears and anemia was present in only 2. We report here that B. caballi and not T. equi may be the more common agent of piroplasmosis in Trinidad.  相似文献