Cryptosporidium scrofarum n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in domestic pigs (Sus scrofa)     

Martin Kváč  Michaela Kestřánová  Martina Pinková  Dana Květoňová  Jana Kalinová  Pavla Wagnerová  Michaela Kotková  Jiří Vítovec  Oleg Ditrich  John McEvoy  Brianna Stenger  Bohumil Sak 《Veterinary parasitology》2013,191(3-4):218-227

We describe the morphological, biological, and molecular characteristics of Cryptosporidium pig genotype II and propose the species name Cryptosporidium scrofarum n. sp. to reflect its prevalence in adult pigs worldwide. Oocysts of C. scrofarum are morphologically indistinguishable from C. parvum, measuring 4.81–5.96 μm (mean = 5.16) × 4.23–5.29 μm (mean = 4.83) with a length to width ratio of 1.07 ± 0.06 (n = 400). Oocysts of C. scrofarum obtained from a naturally infected pig were infectious for 8-week-old pigs but not 4-week-old pigs. The prepatent period in 8-week-old Cryptosporidium-naive pigs was 4–6 days and the patent period was longer than 30 days. The infection intensity of C. scrofarum in pigs was generally low, in the range 250–4000 oocysts per gram of feces. Infected pigs showed no clinical signs of cryptosporidiosis and no pathology was detected. Cryptosporidium scrofarum was not infectious for adult SCID mice, adult BALB/c mice, Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus), southern multimammate mice (Mastomys coucha), yellow-necked mice (Apodemus flavicollis), or guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). Phylogenetic analyses based on small subunit rRNA, actin, and heat shock protein 70 gene sequences revealed that C. scrofarum is genetically distinct from all known Cryptosporidium species.  相似文献   

Tandem size exclusion chromatography-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of humic acids     

Oleg A. Trubetskoj  Olga E. Trubetskaya  Gaida V. Afanasieva  Olga I. Reznikova  Bernardo Hermosin  Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1998,161(6):619-625

Humic acids (HAs) from four soils were fractionated by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) on Sephadex G-75. Three fractions were obtained in all humic acids, collected and assayed by Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The unfractionated HA from each soil was used as reference. Each chromatographic fraction formed one electrophoretic zone corresponding closely to one band of the reference sample with some admixture of the fractions preceding or following. The results indicate that fractionation of HAs by tandem SEC-PAGE can be successfully used for obtaining fractions of reduced polydispersity and different electrophoretic mobilities. Pyrolysis/methylation-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the full size preparations of HA and fractions with exactly defined molecular size and electrophoretic mobility showed a different distribution in humic components, mainly lipids, lignin derivatives and N-containing compounds.  相似文献   

Species composition, structure and impact of larval parasitoids of poplar twig borer,Gypsonoma aceriana (Dup.) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), on poplar ornamental trees in Sofia     

G. Georgiev  S. Samuelian 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》1999,78(3):1-4

Studies on the species composition and structure of parasitoid complex of poplar twig borer,Gypsonoma aceriana (Dup.), on poplar ornamental trees in Sofia and their role in reducing the number of this pest have been conducted during the period 1990–1997. Six larval parasitoids—Bracon variator Nees,Orgilus obscurator (Nees),Microdus tumidulus Nees,Apanteles erevanicus Tob. (Braconidae),Pristomerus rufiabdominalis Ucida andPristomerus vulnerator (Panz.) (Ichneumonidae) were identified. Most numerous wereM. tumidulus (41.0%),A. erevanicus (30.6%) andP. rufiabdominalis (19.1%).A. erevanicus andM. tumidulus were dominating during the different years.  相似文献   

Species composition, structure and impact of larval parasitoids of poplar twig borer,Gypsonoma aceriana (Dup.) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), on poplar ornamental trees in Sofia     

G. Georgiev  S. Samuelian 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》1999,72(1):1-4

Studies on the species composition and structure of parasitoid complex of poplar twig borer,Gypsonoma aceriana (Dup.), on poplar ornamental trees in Sofia and their role in reducing the number of this pest have been conducted during the period 1990–1997. Six larval parasitoids—Bracon variator Nees,Orgilus obscurator (Nees),Microdus tumidulus Nees,Apanteles erevanicus Tob. (Braconidae),Pristomerus rufiabdominalis Ucida andPristomerus vulnerator (Panz.) (Ichneumonidae) were identified. Most numerous wereM. tumidulus (41.0%),A. erevanicus (30.6%) andP. rufiabdominalis (19.1%).A. erevanicus andM. tumidulus were dominating during the different years. The parasitoids ofG. aceriana were solitary, asB. variator is an ektoparasite, and the rest—endoparasites. They attack young host larvae and emerge at the end of the pupal stage. The life cycle of parasitoids, that have double generation, are well synchronised with the pest development. This was expressed in the high levels of parasitism, which in some cases reached 61.5%, and as a whole for the different generations they were 5.9–44.4%.A. erevanicus andM. tumidulus were the most important in reducing the number of the pest.  相似文献   

Assessing the Potential of Rhizobacteria to Survive under Phenanthrene Pollution   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sergey N. Golubev  Andrei V. Schelud’ko  Anna Yu. Muratova  Oleg E. Makarov  Olga V. Turkovskaya 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2009,198(1-4):5-16

Rhizobacteria possess a wide variety of qualities governing their pollutant-catabolic and rhizospheric competences. We investigated how the abilities to degrade phenanthrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), to synthesize surfactants and the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), to be motile, and to perform chemotaxis toward phenanthrene and some potential root-exudate components were manifested in rhizobacteria isolated from oil-polluted sites. We observed that most of the examined rhizobacteria had the abilities under consideration and that in some strains, these were strongly affected by the bacterial environment. Only one strain—Sinorhizobium meliloti P221—exhibited increased PAH-degrading, surfactant-producing, and IAA-synthesizing activities, as well as distinct behavioral responses. We conclude that S. meliloti P221 can be used as a model to assess the contributions of all these activities to plant-inoculation-induced reduction in the soil PAH contents. This strain also may be useful for phytoremediation applications.  相似文献   

Bioindication and modelling of atmospheric deposition in forests enable exposure and effect monitoring at high spatial density across scales     

Winfried Schröder  Stefan Nickel  Simon Schönrock  Roman Schmalfuß  Werner Wosniok  Michaela Meyer  Harry Harmens  Marina V. Frontasyeva  Renate Alber  Julia Aleksiayenak  Lambe Barandovski  Oleg Blum  Alejo Carballeira  Maria Dam  Helena Danielsson  Ludwig De Temmermann  Anatoly M. Dunaev  Barbara Godzik  Katrin Hoydal  Zvonka Jeran  Gunilla Pihl Karlsson  Pranvera Lazo  Sebastien Leblond  Jussi Lindroos  Siiri Liiv  Sigurður H. Magnússon  Blanka Mankovska  Encarnación Núñez-Olivera  Juha Piispanen  Jarmo Poikolainen  Ion V. Popescu  Flora Qarri  Jesus Miguel Santamaria  Mitja Skudnik  Zdravko Špirić  Trajce Stafilov  Eiliv Steinnes  Claudia Stihi  Ivan Suchara  Lotti Thöni  Hilde Thelle Uggerud  Harald G. Zechmeister 《Annals of Forest Science》2017,74(2):31

  相似文献   

Low-oxygen treatment for inhibition of decay and ripening in organic bananas     

Edna Pesis  Azica Cope  Rosa Ben-Arie  Oleg Feygenberg  Yair Aharoni 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):648-652

Summary

Application of a low-O₂ atmosphere for several days prior to storing organic banana clusters was effective in preventing decay development on the crown cuts, and in delaying ripening. Preclimacteric banana clusters (Musa spp. AAA group cultivar Ziv) were treated with a low-oxygen atmosphere (2%) at 208C for 24, 48 and 72.h immediately after harvest. After removal from low-O₂ stress, the bananas were stored at 128C for 21.d, and were then treated with ethylene at 188C for 24.h and transferred to shelf life at 208C for an additional 4.d. The low-O₂ treatments were compared with the commercial treatment of dipping the crown cuts in 0.2% thiabendazole (TBZ). The low-O₂ stress for 48 or 72.h was effective in preventing decay after shelf life, but less so than the TBZ treatment. Low-O₂ for 24.h was not effective enough, and the 72.h treatment markedly impaired colour development after ripening with ethylene. The 48.h low-O₂ treatment which resulted in the best decay prevention also retarded ripening processes (colour, ®rmness, respiration and ethylene production) and reduced chilling injury symptoms, without impairing the taste. The level of reducing sugars in the 48.h-treated fruit was similar to that in the control fruit after ripening and shelf life. The endogenous levels of acetaldehyde (AA) and ethanol produced by the treated fruit were lower than those in the control fruit during shelf life. It seems that there is a high potential for this physical treatment of low-O₂ stress to replace chemical treatments, as means of maintaining the quality of organic bananas.  相似文献   

Oocysts of Hepatozoon canis in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus collected from a naturally infected dog     

de Miranda RL  de Castro JR  Olegário MM  Beletti ME  Mundim AV  O'Dwyer LH  Eyal O  Talmi-Frank D  Cury MC  Baneth G 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,177(3-4):392-396

Canine hepatozoonosis is a tick-borne disease caused by protozoans of the genus Hepatozoon. Several tick species have been implicated as potential vectors. Therefore, extensive studies are needed to determine the 'natural' endemic cycle of this parasite. This paper presents the first report of the presence of Hepatozoon canis oocysts in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus collected from an infected dog.  相似文献   

Vaccine development for the prevention of staphylococcal mastitis in dairy cows   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Leitner G  Krifucks O  Kiran MD  Balaban N 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,142(1-2):25-35

Staphylococci are the most common and costly mammary disease of dairy cattle worldwide. Target of RNAIII Activating Protein (TRAP), a membrane associated 167AA protein, is highly conserved among staphylococci and was shown in Staphylococcus aureus to be involved in bacterial stress response. The aims of this study were to test the safety and efficacy of recombinant TRAP (rTRAP) vaccine in dairy animals. The vaccine was safe as 2-3 subcutaneous injections of rTRAP (54-100 μg) with adjuvant ISA 206 to cows and goats did not lead to any abnormal symptoms of sensitivity to the vaccine. The rTRAP vaccine was immunogenic and caused the induction of a humoral immune response that remained high for at least 160 d post second immunization. The rTRAP vaccine was efficacious; at parturition only 13.5% (5/37) heifers in the immunized group were infected with Staphylococcus chromogenes as compared to 42.9% (18/42) in the non-immunized group. Additionally, when cows were immunized in mid-lactation, the difference between somatic cell count (SCC) in immunized and control animals was profound (45 ± 7 vs. 470 ± 194, respectively). At the same time, the difference in milk yield was also evident (48.3 ± 1.4 L d(-1)vs. 44.3 ± 0.9 L d(-1), respectively). Put together, these studies indicate the value of the rTRAP vaccine in preventing new udder infections by staphylococci, which significantly lead to lowered SCC and some increase in milk yield. TRAP is conserved among all strains and species and is constitutively expressed in any strain of S. aureus or CNS tested so far, including those isolated from cows. TRAP may thus serve as a universal anti-staphylococcus vaccine.  相似文献   

New and little-known lepidopteran (Lepidoptera) phytophages on the poplars (Populus spp.) in Bulgaria     

G. Georgiev  S. Beshkov 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》2000,73(1):1-4

Investigations were carried out during the period 1997-1999 on lepidopteran entomofauna deleterious to poplars (Populus spp.) in Bulgaria. The phytophages were collected in larval and pupal stage and were reared under laboratory con-ditions to the adult stage. In two regions of Bulgaria, Sofia and Montana, 18 new and little-known phytophages in seven families were established on the trees in Populus genus: Limenitis populi (L.) (Nymphalidae); Anacampsis populefia (Cl.), Gelechia turpella (Den. & Schiff.) (Gelechiidae); Synanthedon melliniformis (Lasp.) (Sesiidae); Euproctis similis (Fuessl.) (Lymantriidae); Drymonia velitaris (Hufn.), Notodonta tritophus (Den. & Schiff.) (Notodontidae); Amphipyra pyramidea (L.), Catocala nupta (L.), Cosmia trapezina (L.), Enargia paleacea (Esp.), Eupsilia transversa (Hufn.), Ipomorpha subtusa (Den. & Schiff.), Parastichtis ypsilon (Den. & Schiff.), Scoliopteryx libatrix (L.) (Noctuidae); Gastropacha quercifolia (L.), Phyllodesma tremulifolia (Hb.) and Poecilocampa populi (L.) (Lasiocampidae). G. turpella and S. melliniformis are new records for Bulgaria and D. velitaris was found for the first time in Northern Bulgaria. Thirteen species (L. populi, E. similis, D. velltaris, N. tritophus, A. pyramidea, C. nupta, C. trapezina, E. transversa, I. subtusa, P. ypsilon, G. quercifolia, P. tremulifolia and P. populi) were established for the first time in Bulgaria to have a trophic relationship with poplars. G. turpella and L subtusa were occurred in the highest population densities – up to 1.6 larvae/m and up to 1.1 larvae/m respectively. The remaining species occurred in low population densities in the studied habitats and were not considered to be pests on the poplars.  相似文献