Genetic differentiation and geographical distribution of barley germplasm based on RAPD markers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pjotr Strelchenko  Olga Kovalyova  Kazutoshi Okuno 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1999,46(2):193-205

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to characterize barley germplasm genetic diversity. For the analysis 303 morphologically distinctive accessions were selected from the VIR germplasm collection, St. Petersburg, Russia and the MAFF Genebank, Tsukuba, Japan to represent the principal regions of barley cultivation. A total of 93 polymorphic bands scored from RAPD patterns were used to generate a genetic distance matrix, which was used in both cluster and principal coordinate analysis. Both analysis clearly separated barley cultivars and local populations into three distinctive groups, which evidently reflect different directions in evolution and geographical distribution of barley. The hierarchy of accessions clustering in the first group indicates the westward distribution of barley from West Asia to Europe and New World across Ethiopia and then Mediterranean region. The principal breeding trends based on spike morphology are also observed in this group. The second group is associated with eastward distribution of the crop and represents a unified genetic group, which consists of East Asian and Central Asian accessions. The third distinctive group identified is connected with the evolution and dissemination of hulless forms in Central Asia and the Caucasus region. The conformity of identified genetic groups and clusters with the global centers of crops diversity (gene centers) determined by Vavilov (1926) and modern ecogeographical classification of barley is discussed.  相似文献   

Microbiological Quality of Drinking Water in South-Western Greece     

Maria Papapetropoulou  Olga Pagonopoulou 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1998,101(1-4):15-24

A study was carried out in order to estimate the presence of enteric and non-enteric indicators in the water distribution systems of Western Greece and to evaluate different methods for culture and isolation of coliforms in that region, under several incubation conditions and using different media. According to the different media and techniques used, the numbers of water samples found unsafe for consumption represented 21, 17 and 10% of the total, when mT7 agar, M-Endo agar LES (Membrane Filtration technique) and Most Probable Number (MPN) techniques were used, respectively. In one third of the samples oxidase positive microorganisms were present, which were almost eliminated by using anaerobic incubation of the media. Faecal streptococci were found only in 5% of the samples tested. The MPN technique proved to be significantly less efficient in recovering the coliform colonies than the Membrane Filtration (MF) technique (x² = 125.758 < 182.405). The use of m-Endo agar LES and mT7 agar showed no statistically significant difference in detecting total coliforms (x² = 162.55 > 162.422). However, a larger mean number of colonies per sample developed on mT7 agar, indicating that the latter medium should be used in our region for the detection of total coliforms.  相似文献   

Current knowledge and new assumptions on the evolutionary history of the African lungfish,Protopterus, based on a review of its fossil record     

Olga Otero 《Fish and Fisheries》2011,12(3):235-255

Lungfish have a large fossil record that started over 400 Ma ago and a relict modern diversity within Australia, Africa and South America. Their study mostly concentrates on their sister‐group relationship with the tetrapod vertebrates, on their early evolution and on the physiology of their air breathing and of the ability of certain species to aestivate. Conversely, little is known about the evolutionary history of modern taxa. In this study, the focus is on the single polytypic extant genus, Protopterus. Four species and seven subspecies are currently present in African freshwater. As fossils, Protopterus are recognized by their heavy tooth plates. Indeed, the review of the diagnostical characters shows that so far we are not able to confidently distinguish fossil species. The fossil record is thus explored through the analysis of the distribution of the genus. A comprehensive scenario for their evolutionary history is built by including also knowledge of the ecology, distribution and phylogeny of modern Protopterus, in the context of the environmental changes that affected Africa over the last 100 Ma. The genus has been present in Africa for at least 100 Ma when the continent separated from South America. Northern Africa might be the cradle for the African lineage, but other regions of Africa cannot be ruled out. During the Paleogene, lungfish disappeared from northern Africa, whereas modern Protopterus arose in a peri‐equatorial area with dispersal from this area late in the Pliocene. This correlates with great environmental change that occured during the last 25 Ma in eastern Africa.  相似文献   

Insecticidal toxins from the bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens: gene cloning and toxin histopathology     

David Bowen  Michael Blackburn  Thomas A Rocheleau  Olga Andreev  Elena Golubeva  Richard H ffrench-Constant 《Pest management science》1999,55(6):666-668

Four toxin complexes, Tca, Tcb, Tcc and Tcd from the culture broth of Photorhabdus luminescens have been purified and the four toxin complex encoding loci, tca, tcb, tcc and tcd, cloned. Genetic knockout of either tca or tcd reduced oral toxicity to Manduca sexta, and knockout of both loci eliminated activity. Purified Tca specifically affected the insect midgut, despite its putative normal delivery directly into the insect haemocel. These Photorhabdus toxins may form useful alternatives to other orally active bacterial protein toxins such as those from Bacillus thuringiensis.  相似文献   

Antiviral Potential of Sea Urchin Aminated Spinochromes against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1     

Natalia P. Mishchenko  Natalia V. Krylova  Olga V. Iunikhina  Elena A. Vasileva  Galina N. Likhatskaya  Evgeny A. Pislyagin  Darya V. Tarbeeva  Pavel S. Dmitrenok  Sergey A. Fedoreyev 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is one of the most prevalent pathogens worldwide requiring the search for new candidates for the creation of antiherpetic drugs. The ability of sea urchin spinochromes—echinochrome A (EchA) and its aminated analogues, echinamines A (EamA) and B (EamB)—to inhibit different stages of HSV-1 infection in Vero cells and to reduce the virus-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was studied. We found that spinochromes exhibited maximum antiviral activity when HSV-1 was pretreated with these compounds, which indicated the direct effect of spinochromes on HSV-1 particles. EamB and EamA both showed the highest virucidal activity by inhibiting the HSV-1 plaque formation, with a selectivity index (SI) of 80.6 and 50.3, respectively, and a reduction in HSV-1 attachment to cells (SI of 8.5 and 5.8, respectively). EamA and EamB considerably suppressed the early induction of ROS due to the virus infection. The ability of the tested compounds to directly bind to the surface glycoprotein, gD, of HSV-1 was established in silico. The dock score of EchA, EamA, and EamB was −4.75, −5.09, and −5.19 kcal/mol, respectively, which correlated with the SI of the virucidal action of these compounds and explained their ability to suppress the attachment and penetration of the virus into the cells.  相似文献   

Progress check of yielding ability and stability of selected pre-release bread-wheat cultivars in Zimbabwe     

Mavindidze  Peter  Mafandizvo  Tinashe  Gasura  Edmore  Mavankeni  Busiso Olga  Kutywayo  Dumisani  Kamutando  Casper Nyaradzai 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2020,23(4):337-345

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - The Crop Breeding Institute (CBI) develops new bread-wheat varieties as part of its research mandate. These are tested every year in multi-environmental...  相似文献   

A growth equation for sole postlarvae (Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858) in earthen ponds in the region of Tagus and Sado Estuaries (Portugal)     

Maria Ana de Castelo Branco  Olga Moura  & Sofia Gamito 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(8):795-800

The growth of 1-month-old juvenile sole, Solea senegalensis (Kaup, 1858), was monitored for 6 months in earthen ponds of commercial fish farms located at the Tagus and Sado Estuaries. The postlarvae were introduced into net cages at a density of 50 m⁻². Data obtained from different growth experiments carried out under similar environmental conditions were analysed. To describe the growth of juvenile sole, the comprehensive model proposed by Schnute was fitted to the data. This model provides a better fit than, for instance, the Gompertz model, to the length at age of S. senegalensis juveniles. Seven-month-old sole juveniles have 80% probability of attaining a length of 10.9–11.7 cm and a weight between 11.0 and 13.7 g. The growth equation can be used to predict fish growth under these environmental conditions and thus identify appropriate farm management options.  相似文献   

Correlation between metabolomic profile constituents and feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity     

Magdalena Maria Krasztel  Micha&#x; Czopowicz  Olga Szalu&#x;Jordanow  Agata Moroz  Marcin Mickiewicz  Jaros&#x;aw Kaba 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2022,36(2):473

BackgroundFeline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (fPLI) is commonly used to diagnose pancreatitis in cats (FP). Untargeted metabolomics has been extensively applied in human and veterinary medicine, but no metabolomic studies regarding FP have been conducted.ObjectivesTo identify metabolites significantly associated with increased fPLI.AnimalsForty‐nine client‐owned cats: 11 clinically healthy and 38 with various clinical conditions.MethodsAnalytical cross‐sectional study with convenience sampling. A panel of 630 metabolites belonging to 26 biochemical classes was quantified in plasma using a commercial metabolomic assay. The correlation between plasma metabolite concentrations and serum fPLI was evaluated using Spearman''s rank correlation coefficient (R _s) with Bonferroni correction. Multivariable analysis then was performed to control for glomerular filtration rate, liver damage, and blood glucose concentration. The accuracy of selected metabolites in discriminating between cats with normal (≤3.5 μg/L) and increased (>5.3 μg/L) fPLI was estimated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).ResultsFour hundred and seven of 630 metabolites (64.6%) were quantified in all cats. When controlled for potential confounders only 3 sphingolipids were significantly positively correlated with fPLI: 2 cerebrosides: HexCer(d18:1/24:0); (R _s = .56), and HexCer(d18:1/24:1); (R _s = .58) and 1 sphingomyelin: SM C18:0 (R _s = .55). Their AUROCs in identifying cats with increased fPLI were 82% (95% confidence interval [CI 95%], 70%‐94%), 84% (CI 95%, 72%‐96%), and 78% (CI 95%, 65%‐92%), respectively.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSelected sphingolipids are moderately positively correlated with fPLI and appear to have fair to moderate diagnostic accuracy in discriminating between cats with normal and increased fPLI.  相似文献   

Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) spermatozoa motility and volume regulation under different osmotic and ionic conditions     

Herrera  Fabio  Boryshpolets  Sergey  Mraz  Jan  Knowles  Jindriska  Bondarenko  Olga 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2022,48(4):899-910

Fish Physiology and Biochemistry - Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) is a highly profitable commercial species whose economic value has greatly increased in the last decade. As in other species, the...  相似文献