Distribution of traffic-related contaminants in urban topsoils across a highway in Moscow     

Olga Nikolaeva  Marina Rozanova  Mikhail Karpukhin 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(4):1045-1053

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Review of state-of-the-art decision support systems (DSSs) for prevention and suppression of forest fires     

Stavros Sakellariou  Stergios Tampekis  Fani Samara  Athanassios Sfougaris  Olga Christopoulou 《林业研究》2017,28(6):1107-1117

Forest ecosystems are our priceless natural resource and are a key component of the global carbon budget. Forest fires can be a hazard to the viability and sustainable management of forests with consequences for natural and cultural environments, economies, and the life quality of local and regional populations. Thus, the selection of strategies to manage forest fires, while considering both functional and economic efficiency, is of primary importance. The use of decision support systems (DSSs) by managers of forest fires has rapidly increased. This has strengthened capacity to prevent and suppress forest fires while protecting human lives and property. DSSs are a tool that can benefit incident management and decision making and policy, especially for emergencies such as natural disasters. In this study we reviewed state-of-the-art DSSs that use: database management systems and mathematical/economic algorithms for spatial optimization of firefighting forces; forest fire simulators and satellite technology for immediate detection and prediction of evolution of forest fires; GIS platforms that incorporate several tools to manipulate, process and analyze geographic data and develop strategic and operational plans.  相似文献   

Retraction     

Beloqui A  Guazzaroni ME  Pazos F  Vieites JM  Godoy M  Golyshina OV  Chernikova TN  Waliczek A  Silva-Rocha R  Al-Ramahi Y  La Cono V  Mendez C  Salas JA  Solano R  Yakimov MM  Timmis KN  Golyshin PN  Ferrer M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6006):912

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Nature-inspired soluble iron-rich humic compounds: new look at the structure and properties     

Tatiana A. Sorkina  Alexander Yu. Polyakov  Natalia A. Kulikova  Anastasia E. Goldt  Olga I. Philippova  Alina A. Aseeva  Alexey A. Veligzhanin  Yan V. Zubavichus  Denis A. Pankratov  Eugene A. Goodilin  Irina V. Perminova 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(2):261-268

Purpose

Humic substances (HS) being natural polyelectrolyte macromolecules with complex and disordered molecular structures are a key component of the terrestrial ecosystem. They have remarkable influence on environmental behavior of iron, the essential nutrient for plants. They might be considered as environmental friendly iron deficiency correctors free of synthetic iron (III) chelates disadvantages. The main goal of this study was to obtain water-soluble iron-rich humic compounds (IRHCs) and to evaluate their efficiency as chlorosis correctors.

Materials and methods

A facile preparation technique of IRHCs based on low-cost and available parent material was developed. The iron-containing precursor (ferrous sulfate) was added dropwisely into alkaline potassium humate solution under vigorous stirring and pH-control. A detailed characterization both of organic and inorganic parts of the compounds was provided, the iron species identification was carried out jointly by EXAFS and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Bioassay experiments were performed using cucumber Cucumis sativus L. as target plants. Plants were grown in modified Hoagland nutrient solution, prepared on deionized water and containing iron in the form of IRHCs. Total iron content in dry plants measured by spectrophotometry after oxidative digestion and the chlorophyll a content determined after acetone extraction from fresh plant were used as parameters illustrating plants functional status under iron deficiency condition.

Results and discussion

The high solubility (up to130 g/l) and iron content (about 11 wt%) of the IRHCs obtained allow considering them to be perspective for practical applications. A set of analytical methods has shown that the main iron species in IRHCs are finely dispersed iron (III) oxide and hydroxide nanoparticles. An application of the precursor solution acidification allows to obtain compounds containing a significant part of total iron (up to 30 %) in the form of partly disordered iron (II–III) hydroxysulphate green rust GR(SO₄ ^2?). Bioavailability of iron from IRHCs was demonstrated using bioassay in cucumber plants grown up on hydroponics under iron deficiency conditions.

Conclusions

The application of iron oxides chemistry for humic substance containing solution was proved to be an effective approach to synthesis of IRHCs. Using bioassay on cucumber plants C. sativus L. under iron deficiency conditions, the efficiency of compounds obtained as chlorosis correctors was demonstrated. Application of water-soluble IRHCs led to significant increase of chlorophyll a content (up to 415 % of the blank) and iron content in plants (up to 364 % of the blank) grown up on hydroponics.  相似文献   

Identification and localization of the structural proteins of anguillid herpesvirus 1     

van Beurden SJ  Leroy B  Wattiez R  Haenen OL  Boeren S  Vervoort JJ  Peeters BP  Rottier PJ  Engelsma MY  Vanderplasschen AF 《Veterinary research》2011,42(1):105

ABSTRACT: Many of the known fish herpesviruses have important aquaculture species as their natural host, and may cause serious disease and mortality. Anguillid herpesvirus 1 (AngHV-1) causes a hemorrhagic disease in European eel, Anguilla anguilla. Despite their importance, fundamental molecular knowledge on fish herpesviruses is still limited. In this study we describe the identification and localization of the structural proteins of AngHV-1. Purified virions were fractionated into a capsid-tegument and an envelope fraction, and premature capsids were isolated from infected cells. Proteins were extracted by different methods and identified by mass spectrometry. A total of 40 structural proteins were identified, of which 7 could be assigned to the capsid, 11 to the envelope, and 22 to the tegument. The identification and localization of these proteins allowed functional predictions. Our findings include the identification of the putative capsid triplex protein 1, the predominant tegument protein, and the major antigenic envelope proteins. Eighteen of the 40 AngHV-1 structural proteins had sequence homologues in related Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3). Conservation of fish herpesvirus structural genes seemed to be high for the capsid proteins, limited for the tegument proteins, and low for the envelope proteins. The identification and localization of the structural proteins of AngHV-1 in this study adds to the fundamental knowledge of members of the Alloherpesviridae family, especially of the Cyprinivirus genus.  相似文献   

Field efficacy of different vaccines against infectious bursal disease in broiler flocks     

Zorman Rojs O  Krapež U  Slavec B  Juršič-Cizerl R  Poljanec T 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2011,59(3):385-398

A field study was performed to determine the efficacy of three commercially available vaccines against infectious bursal disease (IBD) in commercial broilers raised in a high IBD virus (IBDV) risk area. Live attenuated intermediate and intermediate plus vaccines were used in four flocks. Birds were vaccinated orally at the estimated vaccination time. Three broiler flocks were vaccinated subcutaneously with a turkey herpesvirus (HVT)-IBD vector vaccine at one day old. Evaluation of the efficacy of different vaccines was focused on humoral immune response, bursa/body weight (B/Bw) ratio, molecular detection of IBDV in ileocaecal tonsils and bursa of Fabricius, and production parameters. The serological results showed that although the uptake of all three vaccine strains was confirmed in the lymphoid organs, no significant antibody response to vaccination was detected in flocks vaccinated with intermediate and intermediate plus vaccines. A significant increase in antibody titres detected in flocks vaccinated with the vector vaccine indicated its ability to induce an immune response in birds with a high level of maternally derived antibodies. Observations obtained in this field trial did not confirm the expected reduction of the B/Bw ratio in flocks vaccinated with less attenuated vaccines. No significant differences were observed between birds vaccinated with the vector vaccine and those immunised with the intermediate plus vaccine. Very virulent IBDV was confirmed in the flock vaccinated with the intermediate vaccine. The infection induced reduced B/Bw and moderate mortality but did not affect the production parameters. Field infection was not detected in broilers vaccinated with the intermediate plus vaccine and the vector vaccine.  相似文献   

Interaction of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia: Effects on flax yield in spoil‐bank clay     

Jana Rydlová  David Püschel  Radka Sudová  Milan Gryndler  Olga Mikanová  Miroslav Vosátka 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2011,174(1):128-134

This study focused on the application of native strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Sinorhizobium in effective crop production during reclamation of coal‐mine spoil banks. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted in spoil‐bank clay with a low dose of organic amendment to determine whether the microbial inoculation improves growth and utility qualities of two cultivars of Linum usitatissimum L. (oil and fiber flax). Inoculation with two native AMF isolates (Glomus mosseae, G. intraradices, and their mixture) significantly increased growth and shoot phosphorus (P) concentration of both flax cultivars. Inoculated fiber flax plants produced fivefold more fibers than the uninoculated ones. In oil flax, mycorrhizal inoculation significantly but quantitatively to a minor degree decreased the concentration of nonsaturated fatty acids in the seed oil. A mixture of five native Sinorhizobium sp. strains supported growth and P uptake of oil flax only in the absence of AMF. However, these beneficial effects of the bacteria were significantly lower as compared to AMF. No synergic action of Sinorhizobium strains and AMF was observed, and their interactions were often even antagonistic. Inoculation with AMF significantly decreased population density of Sinorhizobium in the soil. These results suggest that a careful selection of suitable bacterial strains is necessary to provide effective AMF combinations and maximize flax‐growth support.  相似文献   

<Superscript>13</Superscript>C-NMR analysis of components of chernozem humic acids and their fractions with different molecular sizes and electrophoretic mobilities     

O. A. Trubetskoi  O. E. Trubetskaya 《Eurasian Soil Science》2011,44(3):281-285

Tandem size-exclusion chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used for obtaining stable fractions of different molecular sizes and electrophoretic mobilities from chernozem humic acids (HAs). The obtained fractions were analyzed using solid-phase ¹³C NMR. The tendencies of the changes in the aromatic and aliphatic components of the HA fractions with different molecular sizes and electrophoretic mobilities were experimentally revealed. The aromatic-to-aliphatic carbon ratio C_arom (165–108 ppm)/C_aliph (108-0 ppm) was used for comparing the degrees of aliphaticity and aromaticity of the HA macromolecules. This ratio increased by more than five times when going from the high-molecular-weight to the low-molecular-weight fractions and largely determined their hydrophilic properties. The obtained results can be useful for the interpretation of the structural organization and the ecological functions of soil HAs and their fractions.  相似文献   

Colonization of red raspberry flowers and fruit by Botrytis cinerea under commercial production conditions in northwestern Washington,USA     

Olga Kozhar  Tobin L. Peever 《Plant pathology》2021,70(2):336-348

Colonization of red raspberry flowers and fruit by Botrytis cinerea was determined during 2017–2018 growing seasons under commercial fungicide application programmes used for grey mould management in northwestern Washington, USA. Colonization of flowers and fruit was assessed qualitatively (incidence, %) and quantitatively (abundance, number of colonies) by recovering B. cinerea from surface-disinfested samples. Both incidence and abundance of flower colonization were significantly lower than fruit colonization in both untreated and fungicide-treated plots. Incidence of flower colonization did not differ significantly between untreated and fungicide-treated plots (43% vs. 45%, respectively). In contrast, significantly greater colonization incidence was detected at green fruit stage in untreated compared to fungicide-treated plots (96% vs. 77%, respectively). Ripe fruit had the greatest colonization incidence among the three stages sampled and colonization was not significantly different between untreated and fungicide-treated plots (100% vs. 92%, respectively). Similarly, colonization abundance of flowers did not differ significantly between untreated and fungicide-treated plots (1.0 colonies per colonized flower in both treatments), but colonization abundance of green and ripe fruit was decreased 2.3- and 2.1-fold, respectively, in fungicide-treated plots. DNA fingerprinting analysis of the pathogen revealed that different multilocus genotypes colonized flowers and fruit within the same inflorescence and that genotypic diversity increased through time, suggesting independent infection events. Overall, our results demonstrate that under current environmental conditions, raspberry flowers may not be the exclusive or major route of infection for grey mould of red raspberry in northwestern Washington. Implications of current findings for management and further research are discussed.  相似文献   

Frying Stability of Moringa stenopetala Seed Oil     

Stavros Lalas  Olga Gortzi  John Tsaknis 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2006,61(2):93-102

The frying performance of Moringa stenopetala seed oil (extracted with cold press or n-hexane) was studied especially as regards repeated frying operations. The oils were used for intermittent frying of potato slices and cod filets at a temperature of 175 °C for 5 consecutive days (5 fryings per day). The chemical changes occurring in oils were evaluated. Free fatty acid content, polar compounds, colour and viscosity of the oils all increased, whereas the iodine value, smoke point, polyunsaturated fatty acid content, induction period and tocopherol content decreased. The effect of the oil on the organoleptic quality of these fried foods and the theoretical number of frying operations possible before having to discard the oil was also determined. The analytical and sensory data showed that the lowest deterioration occurred in cold press produced oil.  相似文献