Exposure of Potato Tuber to Varying Concentrations of 1,4-Dimethylnaphthalene Decrease the Expression of Transcripts for Plastid Proteins     

Michael A. Campbell  Olivia D’Annibale 《American Journal of Potato Research》2016,93(3):278-287

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Comparison between methods for measuring fecal egg count and estimating genetic parameters for gastrointestinal parasite resistance traits in sheep     

Mohammed N Boareki  Flavio S Schenkel  Olivia Willoughby  Aroa Suarez-Vega  Delma Kennedy  Angela Cnovas 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(12)

Fecal egg count (FEC) is an indicative measurement for parasite infection in sheep. Different FEC methods may show inconsistent results. Not accounting for inconsistencies can be problematic when integrating measurements from different FEC methods for genetic evaluation. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the difference in means and variances between two fecal egg counting methods used in sheep—the Modified McMaster (LMMR) and the Triple Chamber McMaster (LTCM); to estimate variance components for the two FEC methods, treating them as two different traits; and to integrate FEC data from the two different methods and estimate genetic parameters for FEC and other gastrointestinal parasite resistance traits. Fecal samples were collected from a commercial Rideau-Arcott sheep farm in Ontario. Fecal egg counting was performed using both LMMR and the LTCM methods. Other parasite resistance trait records were collected from the same farm including eye score (FAMACHA), body condition score (BCS), and body weight (WT). The two FEC methods were highly genetically (0.94) and phenotypically (0.88) correlated. However, the mean and variance between the two FEC methods were significantly different (P < 0.0001). Therefore, re-scaling is required prior to integrating data from the different methods. For the multiple trait analysis, data from the two fecal egg counting methods were integrated (LFEC) by using records for the LMMR when available and replacing missing records with re-standardized LTCM records converted to the same mean and variance of LMMR. Heritability estimates were 0.12 ± 0.04, 0.07 ± 0.05, 0.17 ± 0.06, and 0.24 ± 0.07 for LFEC egg count, FAMACHA, BCS, and WT, respectively. The estimated genetic correlations between FEC and the other parasite resistance traits were low and not significant (P > 0.05) for FAMACHA (r = 0.24 ± 0.32) and WT (r = 0.22 ± 0.19), and essentially zero for BCS (r = −0.03 ± 0.25), suggesting little to no benefit of using such traits as indicators for LFEC.  相似文献   

Raspberry ketone accelerates sexual maturation and improves mating performance of sterile male Queensland fruit fly,Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt)     

Mohammed Abul Monjur Khan  Lucas A Shuttleworth  Terry Osborne  Damian Collins  Geoff M Gurr  Olivia L Reynolds 《Pest management science》2019,75(7):1942-1950

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Preparation of lignopolyols from wheat straw soda lignin     

Ahvazi B  Wojciechowicz O  Ton-That TM  Hawari J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(19):10505-10516

Wheat straw soda lignin was modified and characterized by several qualitative and quantitative methods such as (31)P NMR spectroscopy to evaluate its potential as a substitute for polyols in view of polyurethane applications. Chemical modification of the lignin was achieved with propylene oxide to form lignopolyol derivatives. This was performed by a two-step reaction of lignin with maleic anhydride followed by propylene oxide and by direct oxyalkylation under acidic and alkaline conditions. The physical and chemical properties of lignopolyols from each method and the subsequent chain-extended hydroxyl groups were evaluated. Direct oxyalkylation of lignin under alkaline conditions was found to be more efficient than acidic conditions and more effective than the two-step process for preparing lignopolyol with higher aliphatic hydroxyl contents.  相似文献   

Immune modulation by probiotic strains: quantification of phagocytosis of Aeromonas salmonicida by leukocytes isolated from gut of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using a radiolabelling assay     

Balcázar JL  Vendrell D  de Blas I  Ruiz-Zarzuela I  Gironés O  Muzquiz JL 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2006,29(5-6):335-343

A method is described for the rapid and sensitive assay of phagocytosis that utilizes radioactively labelled bacteria. With this method, we observed that phagocytosis of heat-inactivated Aeromonas salmonicida by leukocytes isolated from gut of rainbow trout fed with different viable probiotics (Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactobacillus sakei, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides) was significantly higher (P<0.05) after 2 weeks of probiotic-feeding than the control group. However, only phagocytosis of live A. salmonicida by the leukocytes isolated from gut of rainbow trout fed with L. lactis subsp. lactis was significantly higher (P<0.05) than the control group.  相似文献   

Evaluation of a broad variety of coumarins,chromones, their furohomologues and thione analogues as phototoxins activated by UVA and visible light     

Marta L. Borges  Olivia C. Matos  Isabel Pais  J. Seixas De Melo  CÎndido P. Ricardo  Antnio MacAnita  Ralph S. Becker 《Pest management science》1995,44(2):155-162

The potential of a new kind of light-induced pesticide action was evaluated for a broad variety (32) of natural photosensitizers and their thione derivatives. The latter were synthesized to shift the absorption spectra towards the visible region and to increase the triplet and singlet oxygen quantum yields. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of growth inhibition of Fusarium culmorum (F. G. Smith) Sacc. produced by these photosensitizers under UVA and visible light was performed on silica gel plates and in liquid medium. The results show that the phototoxicity per excited molecule of the thione derivatives using UVA light was similar to that of their parent natural compounds. On the other hand, only the thione derivatives were photoactive under visible light irradiation. These compounds show encouraging levels of phototoxicity against F. culmorum, both in liquid culture and on silica plates, and may have potential for use as photoactive pesticides.  相似文献   

A field study of kick injuries to the radius and tibia in 51 horses (2000–2010)     

Olivia E. Schroeder  Helen W. Aceto  Ashley G. Boyle 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2013,54(3):271-275

The objective of this study was to examine all kick injuries to the radius and tibia seen in an ambulatory setting over an 11-year period in order to determine factors affecting outcome. Medical records of 51 horses seen for a kick injury to the radius or tibia were reviewed. Signalment, physical examination findings, type of management, and outcome were evaluated. There was a significant association between the presence of bony crepitus and a lameness score of ≥ 4/5 and a poor outcome. There was no relationship between signalment and outcome, but significantly more Thoroughbred/Thoroughbred cross horses were affected than any other breed. There was no detected relationship between the type of management and outcome; however, most (81%) horses were managed on stall rest. Horses with bony crepitus or with a lameness score of ≥ 4/5 were at an increased risk for euthanasia.  相似文献   

Stress response and lipid composition in shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei fed diets enriched with squid or scallop viscera meal     

Celene Navarro  Roberto Civera  Olivia Arjona  Crisalejandra Rivera‐Perez  Hugo Sergio García  Miguel ngel Hurtado‐Oliva  Elena Palacios 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(4):1602-1622

We substituted 10% of fishmeal with scallop (Argopecten ventricosus) or squid (Dosidiscus gigas) by‐product meal in a feed for shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) growth assay that lasted 60 days and then shrimps were submitted to handling stress. Shrimp fed the control diet had smaller weight gain and lower recovery after stress. Prostaglandins in gills were affected by diet and stress, with significant differences in shrimp fed the control diet before and after the stress. Hydroperoxides were increased after stress, while isoprostanoids were higher in shrimp fed the control diet. The gene expression of Glutathione peroxidase and Catalase was increased on the stressed shrimp fed the scallop diet, with no differences among diets for Superoxide dismutase or Cyclooxygenase. Arachidonic acid in the phospholipid fraction of muscle was the only fatty acid affected by stress and diet. Cholesterol oxidation products were significantly higher in shrimp fed the scallop diet compared to shrimp fed the control diet before applying the stress. A PCA analysis grouped in one‐factor growth variables, as well as Superoxide dismutase, esterified astaxanthin and isoprostane, while another factor was determined by stress, prostaglandin and hydroperoxide levels in gills. The partial substitution of fishmeal with scallop of squid by‐product meals affected growth and stress differently, indicating shrimp that grew up more were not necessarily more tolerant to handling stress, which can have a strong repercussion in aquaculture, particularly during density control, recording of growth and harvest.  相似文献   

Scavenger communities and fisheries waste: North Sea discards support 3 million seabirds, 2 million fewer than in 1990     

Richard B. Sherley  Hannah Ladd‐Jones  Stefan Garthe  Olivia Stevenson  Stephen C. Votier 《Fish and Fisheries》2020,21(1):132-145

Every year fisheries discard >10 million tonnes of fish. This provides a bounty for scavengers, yet the ecological impact of discarding is understudied. Seabirds are the best‐studied discard scavengers and fisheries have shaped their movement ecology, demography and community structure. However, we know little about the number of scavenging seabirds that discards support, how this varies over time or might change as stocks and policy change. Here, we use a Bayesian bioenergetics model to estimate the number of scavenging birds potentially supported by discards in the North Sea (one of the highest discard‐producing regions) in 1990, around the peak of production, and again after discard declines in 2010. We estimate that North Sea discards declined by 48% from 509,840 tonnes in 1990 to 267,549 tonnes in 2010. This waste had the potential to support 5.66 (95% credible intervals: 3.33–9.74) million seabirds in the 1990s, declining by 39% to 3.45 (1.98–5.78) million birds by 2010. Our study reveals the potential for fishery discards to support very large scavenging seabird communities but also shows how this has declined over recent decades. Discard bans, like the European Union's Landing Obligation, may reduce inflated scavenger communities, but come against a backdrop of gradual declines potentially buffering deleterious impacts. More work is required to reduce uncertainty and to generate global estimates, but our study highlights the magnitude of scavenger communities potentially supported by discards and thus the importance of understanding the wider ecological consequences of dumping fisheries waste.  相似文献   

Characterization of wastewater generated by Litopenaeus vannamei after being fed experimental diets based on animal protein,vegetable protein and a commercial diet     

Melissa López‐Vela  María Esther Puente  Roberto Civera‐Cerecedo  Bertha Olivia Arredondo‐Vega  Edemar Roberto Andreatta  Francisco J Magallón‐Barajas 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(12):1921-1931

Phosphorous (P) and nitrogen (N) residuals from Litopenaeus vannamei and N and P retention by L. vannamei were studied at three protein levels and with two protein sources: fish meal with plant protein (AVD) and plant protein with squid meal as an attractant (VD). A protein retention bioassay began with shrimp that were 1.5–2.5 g, and nutrient release bioassays were conducted with shrimp of two sizes (4.5 and 8.5 g). Both bioassays were conducted at: 30 ± 0.5°C, [O₂] > 4 mg L^?1, and 38 UPS. Total P residuals were significantly higher for AVDs than for VDs (P < 0.05), particularly those with a high dietary protein level. The particulate P fraction was the predominant form of P. Total N and inorganic dissolved N, mainly in ammonia form, significantly increased (P < 0.05) with dietary protein level and shrimp size, regardless of the protein source. VDs resulted in significantly greater P retention (P < 0.05) than AVDs, without significantly affecting growth rates or survival. P retention as well as N retention decreased with increasing protein supplementation level, independently of the protein source used (P > 0.05). This study shows that the substitution of fish meal with plant protein (soybean meal and wheat flour) improves P retention in L. vannamei.  相似文献