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Yüksel S Yanar M Aksu MI Kopuzlu S Kaban G Sezgin E Oz F 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(7):1521-1528
The effects of three finishing systems on carcass composition and other characteristics of meat were studied in 15 young Eastern Anatolian Red bulls in Eastern Turkey. For 93?days, five bulls grazed pasture (P), five grazed the same pasture and were given concentrate supplementation (P + C), and five grazed the same pasture for 93?days, and then for an additional 40?days, they received concentrate in a barn (PF). Carcasses of the P bulls were lighter and leaner than those of the PF animals. Compared with the P carcasses, PF carcasses had a greater percentage of kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (P?相似文献
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E.M. Cabral M. Bacelar S. Batista M. Castro-Cunha R.O.A. Ozório L.M.P. Valente 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2011
A growth trial was conducted to evaluate the growth potential and nutrient utilization of Senegalese sole fed diets containing increasing replacement levels of dietary fishmeal (FM) by mixtures of plant protein (PP) sources. Six extruded isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets (55% crude protein and 8% crude fat on a dry matter basis) were fed to juvenile sole (mean initial body weight: 8 g ± 0.06) during 92 days. A reference diet containing FM as the main protein source (Control) was compared with five PP based-diets with increasing PP levels: 25% (PP25), 35% (PP35), 45% (PP45), 60% (PP60) and 75% (PP75). PP45, PP60 and PP75 diets were supplemented with crystalline amino acids to simulate the level present in the Control diet. The environmental impact of the tested diets was assessed through the determination of N and P budgets and calculating approximate Fish-in:Fish-out (Fi:Fo) ratios. Fish fed PP25 and PP75 reached a final body weight and daily growth index (DGI) similar to the Control group (P > 0.05). Diet PP45 displayed the lowest DGI (0.8 vs 1.3%), lowest protein efficiency ratio (1.03 vs 1.8) and highest FCR (1.7 vs 1.01). The dietary treatments with highest percentage of FM replacement (PP60 and PP75) displayed similar FCR values as the Control (1.2–1.0). Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of protein varied between 77 and 85% and were not significantly affected by the PP inclusion level. Whole body protein and energy content did not differ significantly among treatments, but protein gain was significantly higher in the Control group compared to PP35, PP45 and PP60 groups. The results indicate that Senegalese sole can effectively cope with plant protein-based diets, but growth rate and nutrient gain mainly depend on the selection of adequate plant protein blends, rather than on the plant protein incorporation level. Sole fed the highest PP level (PP75) showed good growth performance, efficient dietary nutrient utilization and a lower Fi:Fo ratio compared to the Control. The present results clearly show that increasing FM replacement level can have a positive environmental impact as reduces P fecal waste and the fishmeal used per kg of sole produced. 相似文献
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Immune responses and gut morphology in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) fed dietary probiotic supplementation and following exposure to Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida 
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下载免费PDF全文 Carolina Barroso Rodrigo O A Ozório António Afonso Julieta R E Moraes Benjamín Costas 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(3):951-960
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a dietary multi‐species probiotic on growth, gut morphology and immune parameters in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). Fish were fed with two experimental diets, a control diet and the same diet supplemented with the probiotic for 72 days. A sub‐lethal bath challenge with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida was performed after the growth trial. Intestine and blood samples were collected to study gut structure and plasmatic immune parameters. No significant differences were found in growth performance. The analysis of gut morphology showed a significant increase in intestinal villi height of Senegalese sole fed the probiotic. Regarding circulating leucocytes, dietary probiotic supplementation increased thrombocytes levels whereas a decrease in the proportion of lymphocytes was observed. No significant differences were observed in humoural immune parameters. Bath challenge differentially affected leucocyte counts and increased peroxidase activity. This study presents the possibility of using dietary probiotic supplementation to increase Senegalese sole welfare since gut morphology was positively affected. Although the immune response after a bacterial challenge was not modulated by dietary treatment, further studies would be instrumental to unravel eventual dietary benefits on immune mechanisms. 相似文献
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The drainage of the thoracic limb of the Van cat was performed by the superficial and deep vein systems. The superficial system was constituted by the cephalic vein and its branches. The deep vein system was constituted by the axillary vein and its branches. The two vein systems anastomosed with each other at various points along their courses. The cephalic vein emerged from the external jugular vein together with the superficial cervical vein. The axillary vein continued the subclavian vein. It ran caudoventrally and gave off the subscapular vein, at the level of the shoulder joint, then gave off two independent branches, which were the external thoracic veins. Then the rest of the vessel continued as the brachial vein. The thoracodorsal vein was formed by the communicate ramus vein which arose between the subscapular vein and the brachial vein. The cranial circumflex humeral vein arose double from the subscapular vein. One of them anastomosed with the deep brachial vein and the other one drained the biceps and the deep pectoral muscles. The cranial interosseous vein from the caudal aspects of the brachial vein and passed the interosseous space of the antebrachium then ran to the lateral aspect of the forearm. The caudal interosseous vein arose from the ulnar vein (in two specimens) and the median vein together with the ulnar vein (in two specimens) or independently from the median vein (in one specimen). Although many similarities were found in the veins of the thoracic limb of the Van cat as compared with the domestic cat, some significant differences were noted in the origin, course, anastomosing and ramification of veins of the thoracic limb. 相似文献
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Microwave irradiation and pelleting method affected feed chemical composition and growth performance and feed utilization of sex‐reversed Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus (L.) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Kanokwan Sansuwan Satit Kovitvadhi Karun Thongprajukaew Rodrigo O A Ozório Pisamai Somsueb Uthaiwan Kovitvadhi 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(4):1836-1848
Microwave processing and pelleting methods were assessed to improve aquafeed quality for sex‐reversed Nile tilapia. The 2 × 3 experimental feeds were prepared with and without microwave irradiation of ingredients prior to pelleting with either a meat mincer, extruder or steam conditioner followed by a meat mincer. Five feedstuff ingredients, including fish meal, meat and bone meal, soybean meal, broken rice and rice bran, were irradiated separately at optimal times, according to the third‐order polynomial regression analysis between in vitro digestibility and microwave irradiation times (r = 0.681–0.942, P < 0.001, n = 42). The prepared feeds were studied for chemical compositions and responses in fish growth performance and feed utilization efficiency. The fish (1.57 ± 0.01 g initial weight) were fed ad libitum for 4 months. All proximate chemical compositions of experimental feeds, except protein, were influenced by microwave processing, pelleting methods or their interaction (P < 0.05). There were no significant effects from either parameter on water quality during the fish trial. Fish fed steamed microwave‐irradiated feed, mechanically pelleted with a meat mincer, showed the highest growth performance (weight gain 18.91 ± 0.73 g and specific growth rate 2.15 ± 0.26% day?1) and feed utilization efficiency (feed conversion ratio 1.31 ± 0.05 g feed g gain?1 and protein efficiency ratio 2.27 ± 0.08 g gain g protein?1) compared with the other dietary groups. These findings indicate that microwave irradiation of feed ingredients prior to steam conditioning followed by mincing can improve aquafeed production quality. 相似文献
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Effects of dietary antioxidants on oxidative stress,antioxidant defence and growth of freshwater crayfish Astacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823) during the reproductive period in females 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 In this study, we examined the effects of dietary antioxidant vitamins [vitamin E (Vit E), vitamin C (Vit C) and vitamin A (Vit A)], astaxanthin (AX) and β‐carotene (βC) supplementation on oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA)], antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px)] and glutathione (GSH) levels in hepatopancreas, ovarian, muscle, gill tissues and survival rates (SR), live weight gain (LWG), specific growth rate (SGR) of Astacus leptodactylus during ovarian development. The EE, EC, EA, EAX and EβC groups were formed by addingClick here to enter text. Vit E, Vit C, Vit A, AX and βC to the diet respectively. The antioxidants did not have a significant impact on the values of SR, LWG and SGR. After 137 days, the MDA levels in the Control (C) group were statistically higher in the hepatopancreas, ovarian and muscle tissues according negative control (NC), EE, EC, EA, EAX and EβC groups. The SOD activities in ovarian, muscle and gill tissues and GSH levels in ovarian and muscle tissues were lower in the C group compared with the NC group, but GSH‐Px activities in hepatopancreas and ovarian tissues and GSH levels in gill tissues were higher. The MDA levels were statistically lower in all tissues of crayfish in experimental groups according to C group. The antioxidant enzyme activities and GSH levels changed according to tissue. The results showed that Vit E and AX should be supplemented in diets to increase the reproductive performance of crayfish, because Vit E and AX were of higher potential as antioxidants than other vitamins and carotenoids in ovarian tissues. 相似文献