CHANGES IN ULTRASONOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE OF ADRENAL GLANDS IN DOGS WITH PITUITARY-DEPENDENT HYPERADRENOCORTICISM TREATED WITH TRILOSTANE     

Panagiotis  Mantis  DVM  Christopher R.  Lamb  MA  VetMB  Angela L.  Witt  DVM  Reto  Neiger  Dr Med Vet  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2003,44(6):682-685

Trilostane, a 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor, has been used successfully over the last few years for the treatment of canine pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. In a prospective study of 19 dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism, the adrenal glands were measured before and at least 6 months after initiation of trilostane therapy. Right adrenal gland length and caudal pole thickness and left adrenal gland caudal pole thickness increased significantly (p < or = 0.05); there was no significant change in left adrenal gland length. Enlargement of adrenal glands during trilostane therapy may occur as a result of suppression of the negative feedback mechanism affecting cortisol production.  相似文献   

Functional shift hypothesis and the relationship between temperature and soil carbon accumulation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Panagiotis?DaliasEmail author  Giorgos?D.?Kokkoris  Andreas?Y.?Troumbis 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2003,37(2):90-95

Recent experimental evidence on the relationship between temperature and litter or soil organic matter decomposition suggests that the simple assumption that temperature affects the rate constant of the processes may not be valid. Thermal conditions seem to influence the kinetics of C mineralization by changing, in a qualitatively predictable way, the estimated percentages of initial material that behave as labile or recalcitrant. The consequences of this shift in mineralization dynamics due to temperature, referred to as the functional shift hypothesis, for the long-term C accumulation potential of a soil were investigated using a modified version of Jenny's model. It was concluded that if soils behave according to the functional shift hypothesis, then the utilization of Q₁₀ or other temperature response functions by simulation models leads to significant overestimations of soil C losses due to temperature increase.  相似文献   

Temperature-dependent development of Sesamia nonagrioides     

Stefanos S. Andreadis  Nikolaos K. Kagkelaris  Panagiotis A. Eliopoulos  Matilda Savopoulou-Soultani 《Journal of pest science》2013,86(3):409-417

The effect of various constant temperatures on survival, development and adult longevity of Sesamia nonagrioides Lefébvre (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was studied under laboratory conditions. The following temperatures were tested: 14, 17, 21, 25 and 31 °C. The percentage of individuals that completed development at each temperature as well as the days needed for the emergence of the pupa and adult eclosion were measured. Adult longevity was estimated under the same conditions. Development time decreased significantly with increasing temperature within the range 14–25 °C. Survival was higher at medium temperatures (17–25 °C) in comparison with that at more extreme temperature regimens (14 and 31 °C). Egg and first larval instars were the stages where S. nonagrioides suffered the highest mortality levels at all temperatures. The highest survival was recorded with experimental individuals aging between the third and fifth larval instar. Thermal requirements of development (developmental thresholds, thermal constant, optimum temperature) of S. nonagrioides were estimated with application of linear and one nonlinear models (Logan I). Upper and lower developmental thresholds ranged between 31.2 and 36.2 and 7.0 and 10.3 °C, respectively. The optimum temperature for development (where maximum rate of development occurs) was estimated at between 28.1 and 30.3 °C. The thermal constant for total development was estimated at 1,000.0 degree-days. Adult longevity was also affected by temperature, as it was significantly reduced at higher temperatures (21–31 °C) compared to the lower ones (14 and 17 °C). This information would be useful in determining the critical temperatures which may affect the distribution of S. nonagrioides concerning potential climate change.  相似文献   

Extremely low temperature fermentations of grape must by potato-supported yeast, strain AXAZ-1. A contribution is performed for catalysis of alcoholic fermentation     

Kandylis P  Koutinas AA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(9):3317-3327

This investigation announces the use of potato pieces as a suitable support for cell immobilization resulting in extremely low temperature wine making. The results showed an increase of the total esters by immobilized cells and reduction of higher alcohols. Likewise, percentages of total esters on total volatiles were increased by the drop in temperature, while percentages of higher alcohols were reduced in wines. Kinetics experiments at different temperatures allowed the calculation of activation energy (Ea) and showed reduction in the case of immobilized cells as compared with free cells. These results may lead to the conclusion that the increased productivities that are obtained by immobilized cells, can be attributed to the catalytic activity by the support to enzymes, which are involved in the process. Biocatalysts were prepared by immobilization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, strain AXAZ-1, on whole potatoes and potato pieces, and their efficiency for alcoholic repeated batch fermentations of glucose and grape must in the range 2-30 degrees C was examined. To study the operational stability of biocatalyst, 35 repeated batch fermentations of grape must were performed without any significant reduction of the fermentation activity. Wines were analyzed for volatile byproducts determination by GC and GC-MS.  相似文献   

Serum Pancreatic Lipase Immunoreactivity Concentrations in Dogs Treated with Potassium Bromide and/or Phenobarbital     

Steiner JM  Xenoulis PG  Anderson JA  Barr AC  Williams DA 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2008,9(1):37-44

Potassium bromide, phenobarbital, or a combination of both is commonly used in the treatment of canine epilepsy. Several cases of clinical pancreatitis have been reported in dogs after treatment with potassium bromide, but the risk of elevated serum canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity concentrations in dogs treated with potassium bromide and/or phenobarbital has not previously been evaluated in a large group of dogs. This study suggests an increased risk for elevated serum canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity concentrations and possibly pancreatitis in dogs treated with potassium bromide or phenobarbital alone or in combination.  相似文献   

Investigation of the Soil Sorption of Neutral and Basic Pesticides     

Andreas Vitoratos  Christos Fois  Panagiotis Danias  Zisimos Likudis 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2016,227(11):397

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Comparison of the effects of six stunning/killing procedures on flesh quality of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax,Linnaeus 1758) and evaluation of clove oil anaesthesia followed by chilling on ice/water slurry for potential implementation in aquaculture     

Panagiotis E Simitzis  Aristeidis Tsopelakos  Maria A Charismiadou  Alkisti Batzina  Stelios G Deligeorgis  Helen Miliou 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(11):1759-1770

The effects of different stunning/killing procedures on flesh quality of European sea bass were investigated: (1) anaesthesia with clove oil, (2) anaesthesia with 2‐phenoxyethanol, (3) percussive stunning, (4) immersion in ice/water slurry, (5) chilling on ice and (6) anaesthesia with clove oil followed by immersion in ice/water slurry. Muscle pH values were significantly lower in sea bass anaesthetized or stunned by a blow to the head compared with fish immersed in ice/water slurry, chilled on ice or immersed in ice/water slurry after clove oil anaesthesia. Lightness was highest in sea bass anaesthetized by 2‐phenoxyethanol or percussively stunned and lowest in ice‐chilled fish. Redness and yellowness were highest in fish chilled on ice and lowest in fish anaesthetized with clove oil. Liquid loss, fat loss and shear values were not significantly different among the procedures. In general, lipid oxidation values during refrigerated or frozen storage did not significantly differ among treatment groups. Combination of clove oil anaesthesia followed by chilling on ice/water slurry appears to improve both flesh quality and welfare of sea bass, although the implementation of further studies is warranted to consolidate this finding.  相似文献   

Leukocyte counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from normal and Maedi–Visna‐infected sheep     

Panagiotis D. Katsoulos  Georgios Christodoulopoulos  Georgios Kontopidis  Anastasios Minas  Athanasia Tzivara  Spyridon K. Kritas 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2009,38(3):397-402

Background: Bronchoalveolar lavage has proven helpful for the diagnosis of certain ovine diseases of the lungs. There is insufficient data concerning the leukocyte profile of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from MaediVisna infected sheep. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the differential leukocyte profile of BALF associated with Maedi virus infection in sheep and to determine whether cytologic examination of BALF is an effective way to diagnose Maedi or determine the severity of lung lesions. Methods: BALF and serum samples were analyzed from 400 sheep. Sediment smears of bronchoalveolar lavage were stained with Diff‐Quik and examined microscopically to obtain a 200‐cell differential cell count. Serum was tested using a commercial kit for Maedi–Visna virus antibodies. Lung samples obtained at the time of slaughter were weighed and examined histologically. Results: Maedi‐infected sheep (n=267; seropositive with lung lesions) had a significantly higher percentage of lymphocytes and lower percentage of macrophages in BALF than normal sheep (n=133; seronegative and no lung lesions). These differences were significantly more severe in animals with advanced vs moderate lung lesions. Using classification trees, a cut‐off of 13.5% lymphocytes was predictive of Maedi infection and a cut‐off of 24.5% lymphocytes was predictive of advanced lung lesions. Conclusions: Cytologic examination of BALF is useful for the clinical diagnosis of Maedi in sheep and provides important information about the severity of the lung lesions.  相似文献   

Development and validation of a tertiary simulation model for predicting the growth of the food microorganisms under dynamic and static temperature conditions     

Antonios N. Psomas  George-John NychasSerkos A. Haroutounian  Panagiotis N. Skandamis 《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2011,76(1):119-129

The use of predictive modeling software may markedly contribute to the better understanding of the microbial behavior in foods. In this paper, the development and validation of a tertiary model, which provides predictions of microbial growth in foods under dynamic or static temperature conditions, is presented. In particular, the UGPM (Unified Growth Prediction Model) software applies the Baranyi and Roberts (1994) primary model, coupled to a secondary temperature model, in order to simulate growth of a given microorganism during storage of a specific food or food category. The software, intended to be used by both expert and non-expert users, may be a valuable decision support tool for the food industry, by assisting in the management of foods based on their actual shelf-life and microbial safety, thereby limiting the deterministic “best-by” practice for the determination of shelf-life. The latter is commonly based solely on empirical observations and has high uncertainty. This in turn, may result in the rejection of large quantities of unspoiled or safe foods, or even in the distribution of spoiled and unsafe foods, due to ignorance of the effect of temperature abuse on the microbial spoilage and safety of products.  相似文献   

Efficacy of the pyrethroid alpha-cypermethrin against Bactrocera oleae populations from Greece, and improved diagnostic for an iAChE mutation     

Margaritopoulos JT  Skavdis G  Kalogiannis N  Nikou D  Morou E  Skouras PJ  Tsitsipis JA  Vontas J 《Pest management science》2008,64(9):900-908

BACKGROUND: The most important pest of olive orchards worldwide is the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin). Its control in Greece has been based on organophosphates (OPs), but their intense use has led to the development of resistance. A test previously developed to monitor the trait may not be as robust as originally thought. The pyrethroid alpha-cypermethrin has recently been registered for bait sprays, as an alternative to OPs. RESULTS: The susceptibility of 20 B. oleae populations to alpha-cypermethrin was examined. Variation was observed in their response, with LD(50) ranging from 0.14 to 3.28 ng insect(-1) and resistance factors from 2.3 to 54.7. Resistance mechanisms were investigated. Cytochrome P450 monoxygenase activities showed an association with resistance. Sequences in the domain IIS4-IIS6 of the B. oleae para-type sodium channel were also analysed, but no resistance-associated mutations were identified. Finally, a novel diagnostic assay able to reliably monitor the frequency of the iAChE G488S resistance mutation was developed. CONCLUSION: This is the first attempt to evaluate the efficacy of alpha-cypermethrin against B. oleae from Greece. Data showed that it can be used effectively, but also highlighted the importance of continuous monitoring. The IIS4-IIS6 sodium channel region is the default area in which to look for resistance mutations if target-site resistance to pyrethroids arises. The application of the novel iAChE molecular diagnostic may facilitate the introduction of pyrethroids alongside OPs currently in use.  相似文献