Hydroxymethanesulphinate salts and related decomposition products in wastewater     

Emilia Barbolani Piccardi  Paola Legittimó Cellini 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1978,9(3):301-307

Hydroxymethanesulphinate (HMS) and its decomposition products such as HCHO, Zn and sulphites can be determined quantitatively in each other's presence by a polarographic method. In the alkaline medium it is possible to have well defined and separated waves relative to the oxidation of HMS ion and to the reduction of HCHO and zincate ion. The quantitative determination of these compounds is carried out with standard addition methods since the concentration-current relationship is linear. The SO₂ is determined in HClO₄ 0.1 M and in the same sample it is possible to determine even HMS, HCHO and Zn after addition of NaOH up to 0.1 M. Moreover, a method of indirect determination of HMS is herein described. This is based on the determination of HCHO released by means of a weak oxidation of HMS which is stoichiometrically proportional to the total HMS. The method is sensitive and is made specific for such types of wastewater which come from textile industries.  相似文献   

Antioxidant effect of ferulic acid in isolated membranes and intact cells: synergistic interactions with alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, and ascorbic acid     

Trombino S  Serini S  Di Nicuolo F  Celleno L  Andò S  Picci N  Calviello G  Palozza P 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(8):2411-2420

Although an antioxidant mechanism has been involved in the beneficial effects of ferulic acid in human diseases, there are few reports on the antioxidant properties of this compound in isolated membranes and intact cells. Here, we evaluated the ability of ferulic acid in inhibiting lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomal membranes and reactive oxygen species production in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, induced by both tert-BOOH and AAPH. We also compared its antioxidant efficiency with that of other antioxidants, such as alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, and ascorbic acid, added alone or in combination. Ferulic acid acted as a potent antioxidant in our models, being more effective in protecting from tert-BOOH than from AAPH. Moreover, the compound was the most effective among the antioxidants tested. Synergistic interactions were observed when the compound was used in combination with the other antioxidants, suggesting that they can cooperate in preserving physiological integrity of cells exposed to free radicals.  相似文献   

Coriander essential oil composition from two genotypes grown in different environmental conditions     

Gil A  De La Fuente EB  Lenardis AE  López Pereira M  Suárez SA  Bandoni A  Van Baren C  Di Leo Lira P  Ghersa CM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(10):2870-2877

The objective was to study the essential oil composition of coriander fruits in plants growing in environments differing in soil conditions and weediness level. Factorial field experiments were conducted in two locations from the Rolling Pampas, Argentina, and two coriander landraces (European and Argentinean) were tested under two levels of nitrogen fertilization and weediness. Data were evaluated with uni- and multivariate techniques. The variation in the oil composition was related to the relative proportion of the constituents and not to the presence/absence of a particular component. Weather conditions in 1997 favored linalool and camphor in both landraces. Location, fertilization, and weediness also affected the chemical profile. The European landrace showed a more stable concentration of the major components than the Argentinean landrace. These results, which show the relationships between some environmental conditions and the essential oil composition, are useful in the development of innovative strategies aimed to improve oil composition and to manage crop pests.  相似文献   

Impact of Land Use and Urban Runoff on the Contamination of the Sarno River Basin in Southwestern Italy     

Arienzo  Michele  Adamo  Paola  Rosaria Bianco  Maria  Violante  Pietro 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,131(1-4):349-366

A study was conducted to determine the contaminantlevel of the Sarno River basin, a small creek located insouthwestern Italy. Six sampling site locations were selected tocoincide with two previous studies conducted in 1975 and 1985 toprovide a basis for comparison. For each location, twelve sampleswere collected over the period October 1997–September 1998.Results indicated a degradation in river water quality, especiallynear the mouth. This was reflected by a dissolved oxygenconcentration of about 0.8 mg L^-1 near the urban areas ofScafati, Pompei and Castellamare of Stabia. At the same locations,BOD₅ and COD values were two to five times higher than theallowable regulatory maximum levels, respectively. About 4 kmfrom the headwaters, the average oxygen concentration was 4.7 mgL^-1, BOD₅ values were close to the standard limit (37 vs 40 mg L^-1), and COD values were above the standard limits(252 vs 160 mg L^-1). Highest concentrations were detectedduring peak tomato production. During this time, settleable solidswere also elevated, two to six times the regulatory standard.Coliform bacteria densities were found in excess of the standardlimits at all sites. Near the head of the river, mean fecalcoliform (22,571 MPN mL^-1) and streptococci densities (14,214 MPN mL^-1) surpassed the regulatory level of 120 and 20 MPN mL^-1, respectively, reflecting the input from the urbansettings of Sarno and agricultural fields. The heavy metaldissolved concentrations were low at all sampling sites. Most ofthe analyzed contaminants increased when comparend with 1985data. BOD₅ increased 5 to 10 times at sites near the urbansettings of Scafati, Pompei and Castellamare di Stabia, whereasCOD increases were twofold at all sites. A decline of chromiumlevels was observed due to the recent effective treatment ofwaste water from the tanning plants.  相似文献   

Latent Process Modelling of Threshold Exceedances in Hourly Rainfall Series     

Paola Bortot  Carlo Gaetan 《Journal of Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Statistics》2016,21(3):531-547

Two features are often observed in analyses of both daily and hourly rainfall series. One is the tendency for the strength of temporal dependence to decrease when looking at the series above increasing thresholds. The other is the empirical evidence for rainfall extremes to approach independence at high enough levels. To account for these features, Bortot and Gaetan (Scand J Stat 41:606–621, 2014) focus on rainfall exceedances above a fixed high threshold and model their dynamics through a hierarchical approach that allows for changes in the temporal dependence properties when moving further into the right tail. It is found that this modelling procedure performs generally well in analyses of daily rainfalls, but has some inherent theoretical limitations that affect its goodness of fit in the context of hourly data. In order to overcome this drawback, we develop here a modification of the Bortot and Gaetan model derived from a copula-type technique. Application of both model versions to rainfall series recorded in Camborne, England, shows that they provide similar results when studying daily data, but in the analysis of hourly data the modified version is superior.  相似文献   

Combined effect of sourdough lactic acid bacteria and additives on bread firmness and staling     

Corsetti A  Gobbetti M  De Marco B  Balestrieri F  Paoletti F  Russi L  Rossi J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(7):3044-3051

The effect of various sourdoughs and additives on bread firmness and staling was studied. Compared to the bread produced with Saccharomyces cerevisiae 141, the chemical acidification of dough fermented by S. cerevisiae 141 or the use of sourdoughs increased the volume of the breads. Only sourdough fermentation was effective in delaying starch retrogradation. The effect depended on the level of acidification and on the lactic acid bacteria strain. The effect of sourdough made of S. cerevisiae 141-Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis 57-Lactobacillus plantarum 13 was improved when fungal alpha-amylase or amylolytic strains such as L. amylovorus CNBL1008 or engineered L. sanfranciscensis CB1 Amy were added. When pentosans or pentosans, endoxylanase enzyme, and L. hilgardii S32 were added to the same sourdough, a greater delay of the bread firmness and staling was found. When pentosans were in part hydrolyzed by the endoxylanase enzyme, the bread also had the highest titratable acidity, due to the fermentation of pentoses by L. hilgardii S32. The addition of the bacterial protease to the sourdough increased the bread firmness and staling.  相似文献   

Characterization of the anthocyanin fraction of sicilian blood orange juice by micro-HPLC-ESI/MS   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Dugo P  Mondello L  Morabito D  Dugo G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(5):1173-1176

Anthocyanins of red orange juices were analyzed by micro-HPLC coupled on-line with an MS detector equipped with an ESI source. The use of microcolumn HPLC greatly enhanced detection performance, allowing direct identification of the anthocyanins present in the orange juices. The use of a soft ionization technique allows detection of the molecular ions of the aglycons. Eight components were identified, five of them for the first time in red orange juice. Three additional anthocyanins were detected, of which only the aglycon was identified.  相似文献   

Isolation and biochemical characterization of a basic myrosinase from ripe Crambe abyssinica seeds,highly specific for epi-progoitrin     

Bernardi R  Finiguerra MG  Rossi AA  Palmieri S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(9):2737-2744

On the basis of previous studies on the mechanism-based inhibition, activation, and active site structure of myrosinase(s) isolated from Sinapis alba and other cruciferous seeds, crambe myrosinase shows uncommon properties and behavior. For this reason homogeneous crambe myrosinase was isolated and investigated to establish the most important physicochemical features, including kinetic properties determined with the epimers progoitrin (R) and epi-progoitrin (S) as substrates, with and without ascorbate as an activator. The results of this study demonstrate that crambe myrosinase is highly specific for epi-progoitrin due to a better stabilization of the enzyme-substrate complex. This stabilization is caused by additional hydrogen bonding that only epi-progoitrin can set up between its hydroxyl group and a suitable residue in the hydrophobic pocket where the "docking" of the glucosinolates side chain takes place.  相似文献   

Comparative assessment of microbial activity and biomass in paired forest and agricultural soils     

Riccardo Scotti  Paola Iovieno  Massimo Zaccardelli 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2015,51(8):1013-1019

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Prevalence of Neospora caninum antibodies in wild ruminants from the Italian Alps.     

E Ferroglio  L Rossi 《The Veterinary record》2001,148(24):754-755

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