RETRACTED ARTICLE: Length–weight relationship and condition factor of nine possible crosses of three stocks of giant freshwater prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii from different agro-ecological regions of India     

P. L. Lalrinsanga  Bindu R. Pillai  Kanta D. Mahapatra  Lopamudra Sahoo  Raul W. Ponzoni  Nguyen Hong Nguyen  Swagatika Mohanty  Swagatika Sahu  Sovan Sahu  Vijay Kumar  Gunamaya Patra  Shivani Patnaik 《Aquaculture International》2015,23(1):401-401

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Long‐Term Chemical Fertilization Along with Farmyard Manure Enhances Resistance and Resilience of Soil Microbial Activity against Heat Stress     

S. Kumar  A. K. Patra  D. Singh  T. J. Purakayastha 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2014,200(2):156-162

The effect of fertilization on resistance and resilience of soil microbial activity against heat stress in the tropical soils is largely unknown. We investigated the impact of long‐term (36 years) application of chemical fertilizers and farmyard manure (FYM) on substrate‐induced respiration (SIR) and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and their resistance and resilience against heat stress in a sandy clay loam soil (Typic Haplustept). Surface soils from five selected treatments (Control, N, NP, NPK, NPK + FYM) under maize (Zea mays) crop were assessed immediately after sampling (0 Day) and at 1, 14, 28 and 56 day(s) after heat stress (48 °C for 24 h). The heat stress significantly decreased soil respiration and dehydrogenase activity by 20–80 %. Recovery after stress was up to 100 % within 56 days. The combined application of NPK (balanced) and FYM was most effective in enhancing resistance and resilience (stability) of soil microbial activity against heat stress. Correlation between resistance of dehydrogenase activity and substrate‐induced respiration revealed a significant relationship (R² = 0.85). However, after stress, this correlation was initially weak but subsequently improved with time (R² = 0.38–57), indicating different time lags to restore the normalcy of these parameters.  相似文献   

Identification and performance of stress‐tolerant phosphate‐solubilizing bacterial isolates on Tagetes minuta grown in sodic soil     

R. Sahay  D. D. Patra 《Soil Use and Management》2013,29(4):494-500

Tagetes minuta is moderately adapted to a wide range of climate and due to its tolerance to larger salt, pH and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) in soil it is considered to be a potential crop for salt‐affected soil. Its tolerance to adverse condition and association with halophilic microbes can combine to play a greater role in crop production and improvement in soil health. After screening, the potential phosphate‐solubilizing bacteria (PSB) RS‐1, RS‐2 and RS‐3 were isolated from sodic soils and tested in pot experiment using a naturally occurring sodic soil of pH 9.3 and an ESP of about 45. Under optimum conditions in the laboratory, these bacteria showed phosphorus solubilization potential in liquid medium containing tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Inoculation of PSB significantly increased plant growth in terms of height, number of branches, dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake. Significant changes were also found in content and quality of essential oil. It was observed that PSB also improved the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. The bacterial strains tested in this study have the potential for use as a biofertilizer in sustaining the growth of Tagetes minuta in salt stress soil and mitigating soil stress problems.  相似文献   

Oxidative stress indices in gastroenteritis in dogs with canine parvoviral infection   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Panda D  Patra RC  Nandi S  Swarup D 《Research in veterinary science》2009,86(1):36-42

Gastroenteritis of viral origin has emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs during the last two decades. Amongst the viral etiologies responsible for gastroenteritis in dogs, canine parvovirus (CPV) is considered as the most pathogenic. The disease is characterized by hemorrhagic enteritis, bloody diarrhoea and myocarditis in young pups. The present study was carried out to examine alterations in oxidative stress indices in the erythrocytes from dogs suffering from gastroenteritis with or without canine parvoviral infection as confirmed by CPV-DNA amplification from faeces using specific primers for CPV-2 as well as CPV-2a and CPV-2b variants by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The present investigation utilized clinical cases of dogs with signs of acute diarrhea (n = 56), and 14 more apparently healthy dogs of similar age group. Erythrocytic oxidative stress indices such as lipid peroxides level and antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, and blood micro-mineral (iron, copper, cobalt and zinc) status were analyzed in each dog (n = 70). The acute cases of gastroenteritis in dogs were associated with altered erythrocytic lipid peroxidation as evident by estimation of malonaldehyde (MDA) concentration. The activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase, the first line of antioxidant defense against damaging effects of free radicals, were also altered. The alterations in oxidative stress indices were more pronounced in cases with involvement of canine parvovirus as compared to parvo-negative cases. Our results also revealed decreased blood zinc level in diarrhoea in dogs irrespective of involvement of canine parvovirus.  相似文献   

Oxidative stress indices in the erythrocytes from lactating cows after treatment for subclinical ketosis with antioxidant incorporated in the therapeutic regime     

Sahoo SS  Patra RC  Behera PC  Swarup D 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(3):281-290

The present investigation was carried out to assess the erythrocytic oxidative stress indices such as lipid peroxides level and activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, and some hematological parameters after treatment of subclinically ketotic lactating cows with antioxidants, vitamin E and selenium, incorporated in conventional treatment regimen. The study was carried out using lactating cows reared in small dairy herds in and around Bhubaneswar. Out of 250 urine samples examined, 42 cows were diagnosed positive for subclinical ketosis with an overall incidence of 16.8%. Blood samples were collected on day 0 (before treatment) and treatment was initiated on day 1 and the second sampling was carried out on day 7. The hematological parameters improved significantly following treatment as compared to pre-treatment level (day 0). A significant (P < 0.05) improvement was observed on day 7 with respect to hemoglobin level (8.66 ± 0.23 vs. 9.12 ± 0.14 gm/dl) and packed cell volume (29.7 ± 0.56 vs. 31.1 ± 0.50%) in the group given routine treatment along with antioxidants. The comparison of mean lipid peroxides level before (day 0) and after treatment (day 7) revealed a significant difference in group I (routine treatment, P < 0.05) and group II (routine treatment plus antioxidants, P < 0.01). The maximum reduction in SOD activity was recorded in group II animals after treatment with conventional regimes along with supplemented antioxidants (1.29 ± 0.08 against 1.89 ± 0.15 units/ mg of Hb, P < 0.01). The mean value of SOD activity recorded in group III animals kept as non-treated positive control (PC) on day 7 (2.59 ± 0.14 units/mg of Hb) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the mean level recorded on day 0 (1.91 ± 0.31 units/mg of Hb). An almost similar trend was observed in erythrocytic catalase activity where there was a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in catalase activity in the group II (RT+A) but there was no significant increase in catalase activity in non-treated positive control (PC) animals.  相似文献   

Effect of Elevated CO2 and Temperature on Nitrogen Dynamics and Microbial Activity During Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Growth on a Subtropical Inceptisol in India     

R. Rakshit  A. K. Patra  D. Pal  M. ‐Kumar  R. Singh 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2012,198(6):452-465

Using phytotron growth chambers, a short‐term pot experiment under non‐limiting water condition was conducted to investigate the individual and interactive effects of elevated carbon dioxide (650 ± 10 μmol mol^?1 vs. ambient), temperature (3 °C above ambient vs. ambient) and different levels of urea–N (control, 100 % N and 200 % N of recommended dose) on growth and yields of wheat crop and changes in potential nitrogen mineralization (PNM), nitrification and denitrification activities, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and nitrifying and denitrifying organisms in a semiarid Inceptisol. The plant parameters (root, shoot and grain) responded positively (10–23 %) to elevated CO₂ and negatively (?17 to ?38 %) to higher temperature. Interactive effect of elevated CO₂ and temperature caused a negligible impact on root, shoot (≈?5 %) and grain yields of wheat. Soil –N content was not affected, but –N was reduced significantly. Nitrate reductase activity was decreased by 14–20 % at elevated CO₂. There was positive effect of elevated temperature on PNM (+9–16 %), whereas negative effects were observed for potential nitrification activity (PNA), MBC, MBN and DOC. Elevation of atmospheric CO₂ or temperature did not affect the population of ammonia (AOB) and nitrite oxidizers (NOB), but elevation of CO₂ has decreased the population of denitrifiers by 4–14 %.  相似文献   

Iconic CO2 time series at risk     

S Houweling  B Badawy  DF Baker  S Basu  D Belikov  P Bergamaschi  P Bousquet  G Broquet  T Butler  JG Canadell  J Chen  F Chevallier  P Ciais  GJ Collatz  S Denning  R Engelen  IG Enting  ML Fischer  A Fraser  C Gerbig  M Gloor  AR Jacobson  DB Jones  M Heimann  A Khalil  T Kaminski  PS Kasibhatla  NY Krakauer  M Krol  T Maki  S Maksyutov  A Manning  A Meesters  JB Miller  PI Palmer  P Patra  W Peters  P Peylin  Z Poussi  MJ Prather  JT Randerson  T Röckmann  C Rödenbeck  JL Sarmiento  DS Schimel  M Scholze  A Schuh  P Suntharalingam 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6098):1038-1040

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The genome of Brucella melitensis     

Vito G. DelVecchio  Vinayak Kapatral  Philip Elzer  Guy Patra  Cesar V. Mujer 《Veterinary microbiology》2002,90(1-4)

The genome of Brucella melitensis strain 16M was sequenced and contained 3,294,931 bp distributed over two circular chromosomes. Chromosome I was composed of 2,117,144 bp and chromosome II has 1,177,787 bp. A total of 3198 ORFs were predicted. The origins of replication of the chromosomes are similar to each other and to those of other α-proteobacteria. Housekeeping genes such as those that encode for DNA replication, protein synthesis, core metabolism, and cell-wall biosynthesis were found on both chromosomes. Genes encoding adhesins, invasins, and hemolysins were also identified.  相似文献   

Effect of varying dietary protein levels on growth and production of Chanos chanos (Forsskal) in inland saline groundwater: laboratory and field studies     

S. N. Jana  S. K. Garg  U. K. Barman  A. R. T. Arasu  B. C. Patra 《Aquaculture International》2006,14(5):479-498

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of varying dietary protein (35–45%) and energy levels (17.34–19.44 kJ g⁻¹) on the growth performance of milkfish (Chanos chanos) maintained under laboratory (experiment 1) and field conditions (Experiment 2) in inland saline groundwater. The results of experiment 1 (initial weight of fish: 0.25 g) revealed that, irrespective of the protein source (fish meal or processed full fat soybean), fish fed a diet containing 40% protein showed significantly (p<0.05) higher growth in terms of live weight gain and specific growth rate, low feed conversion ratio [1.71 (fish meal) and 1.58 (soybean)], high nutrient retention (gross protein retention: 28.59 and 31.05%; gross energy retention: 24.23 and 26.04%), apparent protein digestibility (81.74 and 85.91%) and digestive enzyme activity (specific protease and amylase). An observation on the postprandial excretion of metabolites (N–NH₄ and o–PO₄) indicated significantly (p<0.05) low levels of these metabolites in aquaria where the fish were fed 40% dietary protein irrespective of the protein source. The results of experiment 2 also indicate (initial weight of fish: 4.43 g) a significantly (p<0.05) higher growth performance (weight gain, biomass, specific growth rate, growth day⁻¹ and fish production) in ponds where the fish were fed 40% dietary protein. Irrespective of the experimental conditions (laboratory/field), feeding the fish higher dietary protein levels (beyond 40%) not only repressed growth performance but also affected proximate composition by lowering protein accumulation and energy assimilation. An investigation on the effects of feeds on water quality parameters revealed that values for total alkalinity, NH₄–N, NO₃–N, turbidity, total dissolved solids and parameters indicative of productivity (chlorophyll a, net primary productivity and plankton population) increased significantly (p<0.05) from treatments 1–3 (35–40% protein) and declined thereafter, in treatment 4 (42% dietary protein), indicating that water quality characteristics correlated well with fish growth. The results suggest that in order to obtain a high-yield in milkfish culture system the fish should be fed supplementary diets containing appropriate (40%) protein levels, especially when the stocking rates are high.  相似文献   

Effect of Terminalia chebula and Allium sativum on in vivo methane emission by sheep     

A. K. Patra  D. N. Kamra  R. Bhar  R. Kumar  N. Agarwal 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2011,95(2):187-191

A study was conducted to evaluate some plant parts (already tested for their antimethanogenic activity in in vitro gas production test in the authors’ laboratory) as feed additive to combat methane emission from sheep. Sixteen male sheep with average body weight of 29.96 ± 1.69 kg (22 months of age) were divided into four groups in a randomized block design. The animals were fed on a diet containing forage to concentrate ratio of 1:1. The concentrate fraction composed (in parts) of maize grain, 32; wheat bran, 45; deoiled soybean meal, 20; mineral mixture, 2 and common salt, 1. The four treatments were control (without additive), seed pulp of Terminalia chebula (Harad), bulb of Allium sativum (Garlic) and a mixture (Mix) of the latter two in equal proportions at the rate of 1% of dry matter (DM) intake. There was no effect on DM intake due to the inclusion of these feed additives. The digestibilities of DM and organic matter tended to be higher (p < 0.1) in the groups with T. chebula and A. sativum, whereas, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and cellulose digestibilities were higher (p < 0.05) in all the three experimental groups compared with control. The nitrogen balance and plane of nutrition were not affected by inclusion of any of the feed additives. Methane emission (L/kg digested DM intake) as estimated by open circuit respiration chamber and methane energy loss as per cent of digestible energy intake tended to be lower in T. chebula (p = 0.09) and Mix (p = 0.08) groups compared with control. The data indicated that T. chebula showed antimethanogenic activity, whereas both T. chebula and A. sativum improved nutrient digestibility. Therefore, these two plants appear to be suitable candidates for use as feed additive to mitigate methane emission and to improve nutrient utilization by sheep.  相似文献