Unrecognized diversity in New Guinean crayfish species (Decapoda,Parastacidae): The evidence from molecular data          下载免费PDF全文

Martin BLÁHA  Jiří PATOKA  Pavel KOZÁK  Antonín KOUBA 《Integrative zoology》2016,11(6):457-468

The phylogenetic relationships among imported ornamental crayfish belonging to the genus Cherax were inferred from a combined dataset of 3 mitochondrial genes (COI, 16S and 12S) and by comparison with available GenBank sequences of 14 Cherax species. Furthermore, the concordance of previously described species obtained from a wholesaler (Cherax boesemani, C. holthuisi and C. peknyi) with available GenBank sequences was verified based on COI with special respect to comparison with sequences assigned as Cherax species. Recently described species C. gherardiae, C. pulcher and C. subterigneus belong to the northern group of Cherax species. Comparison and analysis with other GenBank COI sequences show previously unreported diversity of New Guinean species, suggesting 5 putative new species. Surprisingly, species assigned to the subgenus Astaconephrops do not form a monophyletic clade; this subgenus should be reappraised relative to the purported typical morphological characteristic of the uncalcified patch on male chelae. Increasing importation of crayfish underscores the importance of accurate species identification. Use of basic molecular methods is a necessary requisite for documenting occurrence, abundance and population trends of target species. Consequently, it helps to support eventual conservation decision‐making by stakeholders.  相似文献   

Invasive Chinese pond mussel Sinanodonta woodiana threatens native mussel reproduction by inducing cross‐resistance of host fish          下载免费PDF全文

Seth W. Donrovich  Karel Douda  Věra Plechingerová  Kateřina Rylková  Pavel Horký  Ondřej Slavík  Huan‐Zhang Liu  Martin Reichard  Manuel Lopes‐Lima  Ronaldo Sousa 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2017,27(6):1325-1333

Sperm quality in male <Emphasis Type="Italic">Barbus barbus</Emphasis> L. fed different diets during the spawning season   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Sayyed Mohammad Hadi Alavi  Martin Pšenička  Tomáš Policar  Marek Rodina  Jitka Hamáčková  Pavel Kozák  Otomar Linhart 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2009,35(4):683-693

Sperm quality of Barbus barbus L. was compared among the three following dietary regimes: Group A, fed 100% commercial diet (Karpico™ containing 33% crude protein and 6% fat), Group B, fed 78% commercial diet and 22% frozen chironomid (Chironomus plumosus) larvae, and Group C, fed 56% commercial diet and 44% frozen chironomid larvae. Concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in Group A, B, and C were 39.1, 42.0, and 44.6, respectively, as a percentage of total fatty acids. Sperm morphology, volume, concentration and motility, total number of spermatozoa, and osmolality of the seminal plasma were compared during the spawning season. Dietary regime did not influence sperm volume, concentration, or total number of spermatozoa, osmolality of seminal plasma, or the percentage of motile sperm, but significantly affected sperm morphology (except for anterior and posterior parts of the midpiece) and sperm velocity (P < 0.05). Groups B and C showed similar sperm characteristics during the spawning season compared to Group A. Almost all parameters changed either among or within groups during the spawning season, suggesting differences in terms of the optimal time for sperm collection. The best time for sperm collection was March for Group A, but April for Groups B and C, when the osmolality of the seminal plasma measured 289 mOsmol kg⁻¹ and sperm motility was maximal. Spermatogenesis, hydration, and cell decomposition were confirmed as the three major parameters controlling sperm characteristics during the spawning season. The possible correlation between sperm morphology and motility requires further study.  相似文献   

Monitoring the occurrence of bacterial spot of tomato and pepper in the Czech Republic and development of new PCR primers for detection of Xanthomonas vesicatoria     

Pavel Beran  Ivan Mraz  Blanka Kokoskova  Andrea Bohata 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2015,141(3):617-621

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Systematic status of Philometra jordanoi (López-Neyra, 1951) and some other congeneric species previously identified as Philometra lateolabracis (Yamaguti, 1935) (Nematoda: Philometridae)     

Moravec F 《Folia parasitologica》2008,55(2):159-160

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Two new nematode species, Paragendria papuanensis sp. n. (Seuratoidea) and Rhabdochona papuanensis sp. n. (Thelazioidea), from freshwater fishes in Papua New Guinea     

Moravec F  Ríha M  Kuchta R 《Folia parasitologica》2008,55(2):127-135

Two new nematode species, Paragendria papuanensis sp. n. (Quimperiidae) and Rhabdochona papuanensis sp. n. (Rhabdochonidae), are described from the intestine of freshwater fishes Glossamia giellerupi (Weber et Beaufort) (Apogonidae) and Melanotaenia affinis (Weber) (Melanotaeniidae), respectively, from the Sogeram River (Ramu River basin), Madang Province, northern Papua New Guinea. The former species is characterized mainly by the absence of oesophageal teeth, the presence of conspicuously inflated papillae of the last two subventral pairs, a gubernaculum, spicules 69-75 microm long, eggs measuring 57-66 x 39-45 microm, and by a small body (male and female 3.2-3.7 and 5.8 mm long, respectively). Paragendria is considered a valid genus, to which P. aori (Khan et Yaseen, 1969) comb. n., P. guptai (Gupta et Masoodi, 2000) comb. n., P. hanumanthai (Gupta et Jaiswal, 1988) comb. n. and P. vermae (Gupta et Masoodi, 2000) comb. n. are newly transferred. Rhabdochona papuanensis differs from all congeners mainly in having hammer-shaped deirids and from individual species also in other characters. Both findings represent the first records of species of Paragendria and Rhabdochona from the Australian zoogeographical region and the first records of the representatives of these genera from fishes of the families Apogonidae and Melanotaeniidae, respectively.  相似文献   

Long‐term population patterns of rodents and associated damage in German forestry          下载免费PDF全文

Christian Imholt  Daniela Reil  Pavel Plašil  Kerstin Rödiger  Jens Jacob 《Pest management science》2017,73(2):332-340

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Pathotypes of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Plasmodiophora brassicae</Emphasis> causing damage to oilseed rape in the Czech Republic and Poland     

Veronika??i?a?ová  Joanna?Kaczmarek  Stephen?E.?Strelkov  Jan?Kazda  Wolfgang?Lueders  Pavel?Rysanek  Victor?Manolii  Malgorzata?JedryczkaEmail author 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2016,145(3):559-572

Winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is an important crop in the Czech Republic and Poland. Clubroot disease caused by the pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae is a serious and still-growing problem for oilseed rape growers in both countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pathotype composition of P. brassicae populations from the Czech Republic and Poland, according to the three evaluation systems, and to determine soil inoculum loads for representative fields via traditional end-point PCR as well as quantitative PCR analysis. There were considerable differences between the populations of P. brassicae from both countries, and the number of pathotypes varied depending on the evaluation system and the threshold used to distinguish susceptible vs. resistant plant reactions. This is the first study comparing the effect of different thresholds. Using an index of disease (ID) of 25 % to distinguish susceptible vs. resistant reactions, there was a total of seven pathotypes identified based on the differentials of Williams, five with the system of Somé et al., and 18 with the European Clubroot Differential (ECD) set. However, based on a threshold of 50 %, there were nine pathotypes according to the evaluation system by Williams, four based on the differentials of Somé et al., and 15 with the ECD set. Changing of the thresholds led to the reclassification of some pathotypes. Several pathotypes were common in both countries. High amounts of pathogen DNA were found in many of the field soils analysed by quantitative PCR. There was a weak correlation between soil pH and infestation of P. brassicae for the Polish soils.  相似文献   

Population genetic structure of Mycosphaerella graminicola and Quinone Outside Inhibitor (QoI) resistance in the Czech Republic     

Jana Drabe?ov��  Pavel Ry?��nek  Patrick Brunner  Bruce A. McDonald  Daniel Croll 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,135(1):211-224

Damage caused by the wheat pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola increased rapidly during the last two decades in the Czech Republic. We collected isolates from naturally infected fields in seven wheat-growing locations and analysed these using eight microsatellite markers. All markers were highly polymorphic. We found a high degree of genetic diversity and low clonality within all sampled Czech populations. We identified 158 unique multilocus haplotypes among 184 isolates. Field populations showed weak genetic structure but we detected more differentiation between climatic regions within the Czech Republic. We compared the Czech field populations to populations from the United Kingdom, Germany and Switzerland and found a marked differentiation between Czech populations and Western European populations. We hypothesize that decades of different agricultural practices, including the use of different wheat cultivars, may explain this genetic differentiation. We detected a rapid increase in QoI fungicide resistance during the sampling period from 2005 to 2011, coinciding with the widespread application of this class of fungicides in the Czech Republic. M. graminicola populations in the Czech Republic underwent a rapid adaptive evolution from sensitivity to resistance similar to what was described earlier in Western Europe.  相似文献   

Losing a staging area: Eastward redistribution of Afro-Eurasian ruffs is associated with deteriorating fuelling conditions along the western flyway     

Yvonne I. Verkuil  Natalia Karlionova  Eldar N. Rakhimberdiev  Joop Jukema  Jan J. Wijmenga  Jos C.E.W. Hooijmeijer  Pavel Pinchuk  Eddy Wymenga  Allan J. Baker  Theunis Piersma 《Biological conservation》2012,149(1):51-59

The fuelling performance of long-distance migrants at staging areas indicates local conditions and determines the viability of migration routes. Here we present a first case study where long-term fuelling performance was documented along two migration routes with differential population trends. Ruffs (Philomachus pugnax) are shorebirds of inland freshwater wetlands that migrate from the sub-Saharan wintering grounds, via Europe, to the northern Eurasian breeding grounds. Assessments from 2001 to 2008 of fuelling during northward migration at the major western and eastern staging site revealed that daily mass gain rates steeply declined across years in the grasslands for dairy production in Friesland, The Netherlands, and remained constant in the Pripyat floodplains in Belarus, 1500 km further east. Migrants in Friesland decreased from 2001 to 2010 by 66%, amounting to a loss of 21,000 individuals when counts were adjusted for length of stay as determined by resightings. In the same period numbers in Pripyat increased by 12,000. Ruffs individually ringed in Friesland were resighted in subsequent springs at increasingly eastern sites including Pripyat. Our results corroborate published evidence for an eastward redistribution of Arctic breeding ruffs and suggest that the decreasing fuelling rates in the westernmost staging area contribute to this redistribution. The shift implies that responses occur within a single generation. The hypothesis that the choice of route during northward migration may be driven by food availability can now be tested by creating greater areas of wet grasslands in Friesland. When local staging conditions improve we predict that ruffs will make the reverse shift.  相似文献