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51.
Pierre Speich 《EPPO Bulletin》2006,36(2):307-308
Sharka disease caused by Plum pox virus (PPV) is present in several areas in France, and its total eradication from the territory is not considered feasible. Although sharka falls under mandatory control measures, the objective is, in the infected areas, to contain the disease in the orchards at sufficiently low levels so that the production remains economically viable. In parallel, official controls are carried out to guarantee that plants for planting, including seedlings, which are moved in trade are free from PPV. 相似文献
52.
53.
Joseph Aubert Mouen Bedimo Daniel Bieysse Ibrahim Njiayouom Jean Pierre Deumeni Christian Cilas Jean Loup Nottéghem 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(4):391-400
In the high altitude regions of Africa, coffee berry disease (CBD), caused by Colletotrichum kahawae, is the main constraint for arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) production. However, certain agricultural practices can reduce losses caused by the disease and thereby promote optimum
production. On small family farms in Cameroon, mixed cropping with fruit trees, intercropping with food crops and maintenance
pruning of coffee trees are very widespread agricultural practices that can affect CBD epidemics. Consequently, an epidemiological
study was conducted to assess how cultural practices affected the disease in an arabica coffee smallholding in Cameroon. The
disease was monitored on a weekly basis over four successive years (2002–2005) on coffee trees in diverse cultural situations.
Cultural practices likely to reduce losses due to CBD were identified. The infection rate was significantly lower on coffee
trees grown intensively than on coffee trees grown in the traditional manner. Coffee trees located under the shade of fruit
trees were significantly less attacked than those located in full sunlight. In addition, berries on the leafless parts of
branches, near the main trunk of the coffee tree, were less infected than those on leafy sections. These results show that
maintenance pruning, removal of mummified berries, and mixed cropping with shade plants are cultural practices which create
environmental conditions that limit CBD development. 相似文献
54.
A DSS was elaborated to determine the level of risk for mycotoxin accumulation in small grain cereals during the growing season and to support different management actions along the cereal production chain. The DSS is based on a discriminant analysis carried out on a representative data set on the presence of deoxinivalenol in winter‐sown bread wheat, durum wheat and barley grown in different areas of Emilia‐Romagna (northern Italy) between 2002 and 2004. Three to five levels of proneness to Fusarium head blight were defined for six influencing factors (weather conditions, growing area, host species and variety, previous crop and type of soil tillage before sowing), each level having its own coefficient, and linearly combined in an equation of risk (R). A value of R can be then calculated for any plot using information at both regional (weather conditions and growing area) and plot‐specific (host and cropping practices) levels. R ranges between −3.86 and 4.43 with four risk levels: low (R –2), intermediate (–2 < R –0.44), high (–0.44 < R 1.2), and very high (R > 1.2). Different management actions are suggested based on the level of R of the plot. The DSS was satisfactorily validated using data from many plots other than those used in its elaboration. 相似文献
55.
Thermal optima of photosynthetic functions and thermostability of photochemistry in cork oak seedlings 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Temperature effects on photosynthesis were studied in seedlings of evergreen Mediterranean cork oak (Quercus suber L.). Responses to changes in temperature and the temperature optima of maximal carboxylation rate (V(cmax)) and maximal light-driven electron flux (J(max)) were estimated from gas exchange measurements and a leaf-level photosynthesis model. The estimated temperature optima were approximately 34 and 33 degrees C for V(cmax) and J(max), respectively, which fall within the lower range of temperature optima previously observed in deciduous tree species. The thermostability of the photosynthetic apparatus was estimated according to the temperature at which basal chlorophyll a fluorescence begins to increase (T(c)). The T(c) was highly variable, increasing from 42 to 51 degrees C when ambient temperature rose from 10 to 40 degrees C, and increasing from 44 to 54 degrees C with decreasing soil water availability while net CO(2) assimilation rate dropped to almost zero. When a heat shock was imposed, an additional small increase in T(c) was observed in drought-stressed and control seedlings. Maximal T(c) values following heat shock were about 56 degrees C, which, to our knowledge, are the highest values that have been observed in tree species. In conclusion, the intrinsic temperature responses of cork oak did not differ from those of other species (similar T(c) under ambient temperature and water availability, and relatively low thermal optima for photosynthetic capacity in seedlings grown at cool temperatures). However, the large ability of cork oak to acclimate to drought and elevated temperature may be an important factor in the tolerance of this evergreen Mediterranean species to summer drought and high temperatures. 相似文献
56.
Mathieu Jonard Frédéric André François Jonard Nicolas Mouton Pierre Procès Quentin Ponette 《Annals of Forest Science》2007,64(2):141-150
Total Soil Respiration (TSR) was measured in pure and mixed stands of oak and beech and was partitioned into two contributions using the forest floor removal technique: Mineral Soil Respiration (MSR) and Forest Floor Respiration (FFR). In addition, laboratory incubations of the forest floor and the Ah horizon were performed to evaluate the heterotrophic respiration and the DOC production of these horizons. The relationships between soil temperature and the various soil respiration contributions in the three stands were compared using Q 10 functions. In situ, significant differences (α = 0,05) between stands were observed for the R 10 parameter (respiration rate at 10 °C) of the TSR, MSR and FFR contributions, while only the temperature sensitivity (Q 10) of TSR was significantly affected by stand composition. The effect of soil water content was only significant on MSR and followed different patterns according to stand composition. Under controlled conditions, the R 10 of the forest floor and of the Ah horizon varied with stand composition and the Q 10 of the forest floor decreased in the order: oak (2.27) > mixture (2.01) > beech (1.71). 相似文献
57.
Xavier Cavard Laurent Augusto Etienne Saur Pierre Trichet 《Annals of Forest Science》2007,64(8):875-881
European gorse (Ulex europaeus L.) N2 fixation rate (%Ndfa) was studied in a maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aït.) oligotrophic forest. Fertilization field trials were carried out on 5 sites with various inputs of phosphorus (0–240 kg P2O5·ha?1). Seven to ten years after pine planting, gorse were sampled to evaluate the effect of P fertilization on gorse %Ndfa, determined using the 15N natural abundance method. One of the prerequisites of this method is the existence of a significant difference between the 15N/14N ratios in the atmospheric N reference and in the stand soil N references. This prerequisite was satisfied for 80 of 120 cases. The average %Ndfa was high (70 ± 3%) but with high local variability. No significant difference in %Ndfa was detected among P treatments. Nitrogen concentration of gorse was significantly higher in the highest dose treatments compared to the control. 相似文献
58.
COMBINATION OF RADIATION THERAPY AND FIROCOXIB FOR THE TREATMENT OF CANINE NASAL CARCINOMA 下载免费PDF全文
Simona Cancedda Silvia Sabattini Giuliano Bettini Vito F. Leone Paola Laganga Federica Rossi Rossella Terragni Giacomo Gnudi Massimo Vignoli 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2015,56(3):335-343
Carcinomas represent two‐thirds of canine nasosinal neoplasms. Although radiation therapy (RT) is the standard of care, the incidence of local recurrence following treatment is high. Cyclooxygenase‐isoform‐2 (COX‐2) is expressed in 71–95% of canine nasal carcinomas and has been implicated in tumor growth and angiogenesis. Accordingly, COX‐2 inhibition seems rational to improve outcome. Dogs with histologically confirmed, previously untreated nasal carcinomas were randomized to receive the combination of a selective COX‐2 inhibitor (firocoxib) and palliative RT (Group 1) or RT and placebo (Group 2). Patients were regularly monitored with blood tests, urinalysis, and computed tomography. Pet owners were asked to complete monthly a quality‐of‐life questionnaire. Twenty‐four dogs were prospectively enrolled. According to Adams modified system, there were five stage 1, five stage 2, three stage 3, and 11 stage 4 tumors. Two dogs had metastases to regional lymph nodes. Median progression‐free interval and overall survival were 228 and 335 days in Group 1 (n = 12) and 234 and 244 days in Group 2 (n = 12). These differences were not statistically significant. The involvement of regional lymph nodes was significantly associated with progression‐free interval and overall survival (P = 0.004). Quality of life was significantly improved in Group 1 (P = 0.008). In particular, a significant difference was observed for activity and appetite. Although not providing a significant enhancement of progression‐free interval and overall survival, firocoxib in combination with RT is safe and improved life quality in dogs with nasal carcinomas. 相似文献
59.
Felipe Nogueira Soares Maria Emilia Franco Oliveira Luciana Cristina Padilha-Nakaghi Luís Guilherme de Oliveira Marcus Antônio Rossi Feliciano Felipe Brener Bezerra de Oliveira Pedro Paulo Maia Teixeira Wilter Ricardo Russiano Vicente Cristian Faturi Luiz Fernando de Souza Rodrigues 《Tropical animal health and production》2015,47(8):1465-1471
60.
F. Rossi L. Aresu M. Vignoli P. Buracco G. Bettini S. Ferro F. Gattino F. Ghiani R. Costantino L. Ressel E. Bellei L. Marconato 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2015,13(1):11-19
The aim of this retrospective study was to describe clinical features, treatment and outcome of 21 dogs with metastatic cancer of unknown primary (MCUP), a biopsy‐proven malignancy being diagnosed at a metastatic stage, in which the anatomical origin of the primary tumour cannot be detected. All dogs underwent total‐body computed tomography. Signalment, type and duration of clinical signs, metastasis site, pathology results, treatment and outcome were recorded. Carcinoma was the most common diagnosis (57.1%), followed by sarcoma, melanoma and mast cell tumour. The median number of disease sites per dog was 2, with bones, lymph nodes, lungs and spleen being the most frequent metastatic locations. The median survival for all dogs was 30 days. Overall, a primary site was not identified in 20 (95.2%) dogs. MCUP encompasses a variety of different pathologic entities and harbours a poor prognosis. 相似文献