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11.
Karpova NN Pickenhagen A Lindholm J Tiraboschi E Kulesskaya N Agústsdóttir A Antila H Popova D Akamine Y Bahi A Sullivan R Hen R Drew LJ Castrén E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6063):1731-1734
Antidepressant drugs and psychotherapy combined are more effective in treating mood disorders than either treatment alone, but the neurobiological basis of this interaction is unknown. To investigate how antidepressants influence the response of mood-related systems to behavioral experience, we used a fear-conditioning and extinction paradigm in mice. Combining extinction training with chronic fluoxetine, but neither treatment alone, induced an enduring loss of conditioned fear memory in adult animals. Fluoxetine treatment increased synaptic plasticity, converted the fear memory circuitry to a more immature state, and acted through local brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Fluoxetine-induced plasticity may allow fear erasure by extinction-guided remodeling of the memory circuitry. Thus, the pharmacological effects of antidepressants need to be combined with psychological rehabilitation to reorganize networks rendered more plastic by the drug treatment. 相似文献
12.
I. N. Leonova L. I. Laikova O. M. Popova O. Unger A. Börner M. S. Röder 《Euphytica》2007,155(1-2):79-86
Advanced backcross QTL analysis was used to identify QTLs for seedling and adult plant resistance to leaf rust in introgression lines derived from a cross between the spring wheat cultivar ‘Saratovskaya 29’ and a synthetic allopolyploid wheat (T. timopheevii/T. tauschii). F2 mapping populations involving two backcross selections (‘BC5’ and ‘BC9’ lines) were genotyped with microsatellite markers. Two significant QTL for adult plant resistance were identified in line ‘BC5’: one on chromosome 2B, but originating from chromosome 2G, explained 31% of the trait variance. The other, derived from T. tauschii and mapped to the short arm of chromosome 2D explained 19% of the trait variance. In the second line, one major seedling and adult plant resistance QTL was identified on chromosome 2B. Both QTL co-located to the same marker interval. Such introgression lines, resulting from the reconstruction of common wheat genome, are of interest both as initial material for breeding and improvement of current cultivars, and as a resource for the study of the interaction and transformation of genomes. 相似文献
13.
N. B. Khitrov E. A. Chernikov V. P. Popova T. G. Fomenko 《Eurasian Soil Science》2016,49(11):1228-1240
The spatial distribution of saline soils under vineyards in the south of Taman Peninsular is discussed. The Paleogene–Neogene clays of the Komendantskaya Mount serve as the source of salts. Vineyards were planted on an inclined plain at the foot of this mount. At present, their state on salt-affected soils worsens. In the upper part of the plain, solonchakous or deep-solonchakous slightly saline and nonsaline (within the upper 2 m) dark quasigley vertic soils (Vertisols) are formed. The salts are of the sulfate–sodium composition. Their vertical distribution has an eluvial pattern with a quick rise in the salt content from the surface layer to the depth of 50–100 cm and with a gradual increase in the salt content in the deeper layers. The absence of chlorides in the soils of flat areas within the slope attests to the predominance of lateral leaching of salts down the slope over their vertical leaching in the soil profiles. In the lower part of the slope, soil salinization mainly takes place in the hollow crossing the plain and the vineyard from the north to the south. In the middle part of the slope, nonsaline (to a depth of 2 m) agrohumus quasigley soils (Haplic Chernozems (Clayic, Aric, Stagnic)) are formed. Slight chloride–sulfate sodium salinization is only seen in the soils of the hollow, which contain fine-crystalline gypsum in the solid phase and display the accumulation of sodium chlorides in the middle part of the soil profile (in the 60–150-cm-thick layer). Heavy loamy agrochernozems with migrational and segregational forms of carbonates (Haplic Chernozems (Loamic, Aric, Pachic) are developed in the lower part of the slope; they are nonsaline to the depth of 2.5 m. In the area of transition from the humusquasigley soils to chernozems, specific horizons are formed in the hollow at the depth of more than 250 cm. Their soil solutions contain sodium, calcium, and magnesium chlorides against the background of the presence of fine-crystalline gypsum in the solid phase, which is typical of secondary salinization. 相似文献
14.
The harvest of seed and green mass of alfalfa cultivars and population went down meaningfully during the last 2 years (2014, 2015). This period was characterized by higher values of average air temperature (by 1.0°С) and decreased relative air humidity (by 6.0%) and rainfall during the vegetation of alfalfa (by 107.0 mm). New varieties Sirena and Natali, as well as populations 2/08 and 6/04, were characterized by the highest yield of green mass and seeds in competitive variety trial. 相似文献
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16.
The development of precise genetic stocks in two wheat cultivars and their use in genetic analysis 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
V. S. Arbuzova T. T. Efremova L. I. Laikova O. I. Maystrenko O. M. Popova T. A. Pshenichnikova 《Euphytica》1996,89(1):11-15
Summary The results of genetic studies of common wheat that have been conducted in Novosibirsk, Russia, over the past 20 years by a research team are summarized. The research strategy was to develop a collection of aneuploids and substitution lines to be further used for chromosomal localization of genes and in the study of the genetic variability of wheat. On the basis of two cultivars, namely Saratovskaya 29 and Diamant, we have developed 6 sets of aneuploids with a complete set of monosomic lines for each, plus sets of lines ditelosomic and monotelosomic for standard arms. Exploiting the monotelosomics, 108 single chromosome intervarietal substitutions, 13 lines with alien substitutions (mono- and disomics) and 11 addition lines have been developed. A collection of lines isogenic for dominant marker genes of morphological characters has also been developed. The genetic collection was used in chromosomal localization of 15 genes, for many of which chromosome arms have been determined. Positively or negatively, the question of allelism within some loci has been answered. 相似文献
17.
T. T. Efremova O. I. Maystrenko V. S. Arbuzova L. I. Laikova G. M. Panina O. M. Popova O. V. Berezova 《Euphytica》2006,151(2):145-153
Ear emergence time and response to vernalization were investigated in 12 alien substitution lines in which a pair of chromosomes 5A of recipient spring wheat cultivars was replaced by a pair of chromosomes 5R of Siberian spring rye ‘Onokhoiskaya’. The recipients were 12 spring cultivars of common wheat, each carrying different Vrn genes. Spring rye ‘Onokhoiskaya’ had the Sp1 (now called Vrn-R1) gene for spring growth habit located on chromosome 5R, but its expression was weaker. The Vrn-R1 gene had no effect on growth habit, ear emergence time and response to vernalization in wheat-rye substitution lines. Ears emerged significantly later in the 5R(5A) alien substitution lines than in the recipient wheat cultivars with the Vrn-A1/Vrn-B1/vrn-D1 or Vrn-A1/vrn-B1/Vrn-D1 genotypes. No difference in ear emergence time was found between most of the 5R(5A) alien substitution lines and the cultivars carrying the recessive vrn-A1 gene. The presence of the Vrn2a and Vrn2b alleles at the Vrn2 (now called Vrn-B1) locus located on wheat chromosome 5B was confirmed.The replacement of chromosome 5A by chromosome 5R in wheat cultivars ‘Rang’ and ‘Mironovskaya Krupnozernaya’, which carries the single dominant gene Vrn-A1, converted them to winter growth habit. In field studies near Novosibirsk the winter hardiness of 5R(5A) wheat–rye substitution lines of ‘Rang’ and ‘Mironovskaya Krupnozernaya’ was increased by 20–47% and 27–34%, respectively, over the recurrent parents. 相似文献
18.
Because of the spatial and temporal variabilities of the advance infiltration process, furrow irrigation investigations should not be limited to a single furrow irrigation event when using a modelling approach. The paper deals with the development and application of simulation of furrow irrigation practices (SOFIP), a model used to analyse furrow irrigation practices that take into account spatial and temporal variabilities of the advance infiltration process. SOFIP can be used to compare alternative furrow irrigation management strategies and find options that mitigate local deep-percolation risks while ensuring a crop yield level that is acceptable to the farmer. The model is comprised of three distinct modelling elements. The first element is RAIEOPT, a hydraulic model that predicts the advance infiltration process. Infiltration prediction in RAIEOPT depends on a soil moisture deficit parameter. PILOTE, a crop model, which is designed to simulate soil water balance and predict yield values, updates the soil moisture parameter. This parameter is an input of a parameter generator (PG), the third model component, which in turn provides RAIEOPT with the data required to simulate irrigation at the scale of an N-furrow set. The study of sources of variability and their impact on irrigation advance, based on field observations, allowed us to build a robust PG. Model applications show that irrigation practices must account for inter-furrow advance variability when optimising furrow irrigation systems. The impact of advance variability on deep percolation and crop yield losses depends on both climatic conditions and irrigation practices. 相似文献
19.
Zornitsa Popova 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2006,20(1):1-21
Water distribution can be nonuniform along the furrow length under surface irrigation. This “down field” nonuniformity is
combined with “inter-row” non-uniformity which is a consequence of differences in infiltration characteristics across the
plot. Global nonuniformity of application depth causes variation of yield, drainage and nitrogen leaching. In addition to
that, due to year-to-year variability of climate, irrigation depths range significantly (from 0 to 360 mm/season). The objective
of this paper is to study the impact of the nonuniformity of irrigation-water distribution within a furrow plot on yield,
water and nitrogen losses when climate variation is taken into account. Six maize vegetation seasons on a Chromic Luvisol
soil in the Sofia region with varying irrigation requirements are considered. Irrigation water is distributed in relative
terms over the plot at different levels of nonuniformity (coefficient of variation Cv ranging from 13 to 66%) by the FURMOD model. Water and nitrogen cycle and crop growth are simulated then compared at 30 representative
points in the set with various “climate-irrigation nonuniformity” combinations by the CERES-maize model. It was established
that non-uniformity of irrigation is not important in wet vegetation periods. The drier the irrigation season, the higher
the yield loss and risk to environment due to nonuniformity of irrigation water distribution. In moderate and dry irrigation
seasons it causes yield losses of 2–14%, significant variation (30% < Cv < 200%) of drainage, nitrogen leaching and residual soil nitrate over the furrow set. Surface irrigation performances can
be improved by reducing lateral nonuniformity of stream advance. 相似文献
20.
Yuliaxis Ramayo-Caldas Laura Zingaretti Milka Popova Jordi Estellé Aurelien Bernard Nicolas Pons Pau Bellot Núria Mach Andrea Rau Hugo Roume Miguel Perez-Enciso Philippe Faverdin Nadège Edouard Dusko Ehrlich Diego P. Morgavi Gilles Renand 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2020,137(1):49-59
Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions is relevant for reducing the environmental impact of ruminant production. In this study, the rumen microbiome from Holstein cows was characterized through a combination of 16S rRNA gene and shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Methane production (CH4) and dry matter intake (DMI) were individually measured over 4–6 weeks to calculate the CH4 yield (CH4y = CH4/DMI) per cow. We implemented a combination of clustering, multivariate and mixed model analyses to identify a set of operational taxonomic unit (OTU) jointly associated with CH4y and the structure of ruminal microbial communities. Three ruminotype clusters (R1, R2 and R3) were identified, and R2 was associated with higher CH4y. The taxonomic composition on R2 had lower abundance of Succinivibrionaceae and Methanosphaera, and higher abundance of Ruminococcaceae, Christensenellaceae and Lachnospiraceae. Metagenomic data confirmed the lower abundance of Succinivibrionaceae and Methanosphaera in R2 and identified genera (Fibrobacter and unclassified Bacteroidales) not highlighted by metataxonomic analysis. In addition, the functional metagenomic analysis revealed that samples classified in cluster R2 were overrepresented by genes coding for KEGG modules associated with methanogenesis, including a significant relative abundance of the methyl-coenzyme M reductase enzyme. Based on the cluster assignment, we applied a sparse partial least-squares discriminant analysis at the taxonomic and functional levels. In addition, we implemented a sPLS regression model using the phenotypic variation of CH4y. By combining these two approaches, we identified 86 discriminant bacterial OTUs, notably including families linked to CH4 emission such as Succinivibrionaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Christensenellaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Rikenellaceae. These selected OTUs explained 24% of the CH4y phenotypic variance, whereas the host genome contribution was ~14%. In summary, we identified rumen microbial biomarkers associated with the methane production of dairy cows; these biomarkers could be used for targeted methane-reduction selection programmes in the dairy cattle industry provided they are heritable. 相似文献