Histopathologic and bacteriologic evaluations of cellulitis detected in legs and caudal abdominal regions of turkeys     

Gomis S  Amoako AK  Ngeleka AM  Belanger L  Althouse B  Kumor L  Waters E  Stephens S  Riddell C  Potter A  Allan B 《Avian diseases》2002,46(1):192-197

The objective of this study was to identify the causative agent of cellulitis in turkeys. Eighteen flocks from nine producers were sampled at the local processing plant, and 37 birds with cellulitis on legs or caudal thoracic area were obtained. None of the 37 birds with cellulitis had lesions in other organs. On gross examination, lesions were categorized into two groups: cellulitis with unopened skin lesions (type a) and cellulitis with opened skin lesions (type b). Histopathologically, cellulitis with unopened skin lesions had dermal necrosis with underlying fibrin and inflammatory exudate but cellulitis with open skin lesions had chronic granulomatous/granulation tissue-type reaction associated with foreign material. A complete bacteriologic study was conducted on 25 of 37 birds. Bacteria were isolated from 12 of the 25 birds with cellulitis lesions. No aerobic, microaerophilic, or anaerobic bacteria were isolated from the remaining 13 birds with cellulitis lesions. Escherichia coli was isolated in low numbers in mixed cultures with Proteus mirabilis, Lactobacillus spp., Klebsiella spp., and Staphylococcus spp. in 9 of 12 lesions. The remaining few cases yielded P. mirabilis in pure culture or in mixed culture with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Types a and b cellulitis lesions in turkeys could be associated with primary contact dermatitis and skin abrasions, respectively. Their occurrence is likely associated with different management practices.  相似文献   

Attenuated cytokine responses in porcine lymph node cells stimulated with CpG DNA are associated with low frequency of IFNalpha-producing cells and TLR9 mRNA expression   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dar A  Nichani AK  Benjamin P  Lai K  Soita H  Krieg AM  Potter A  Babiuk LA  Mutwiri GK 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2008,123(3-4):324-336

The immune stimulatory effects of synthetic CpG DNA, on porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) have been reported, but little is known about CpG-induced responses in other lymphoid tissues of pigs. We investigated innate immune responses induced by CpG DNA in cells from blood, lymph nodes (LN) and spleens of pigs. Porcine PBMC and lymph node cells (LNC) were stimulated in vitro with three classes (A-, B- and C-class) of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), and a non-CpG control ODN. All three classes of CpG ODNs induced significant production of IFNalpha, TNFalpha, IL-1, IL-6 and IL-12 in PBMC. In contrast, in LNC, only IL-12 was stimulated by all three classes of CpG ODNs, while IFNalpha, and IL-6 were induced by A- and C-class ODNs. No TNFalpha was induced in LNC by any of the ODNs. Significant lymphocyte proliferation was induced in PBMC by all three classes of CpG ODNs and non-CpG control. However, in LNC, B- and C-class ODNs induced significant proliferation, while no proliferation was seen with A-class and non-CpG control ODN. All three classes of ODNs induced NK-like cytotoxicity in PBMC and spleen cells, but were less effective in inducing NK cytotoxicity in LNC. We then investigated the reasons for the relatively poor CpG-induced responses in LNC. Our investigations revealed that LNC had a lower frequency of IFNalpha-secreting cells and expressed low levels of TLR9 mRNA compared to PBMC. We conclude that the lower number of IFNalpha-secreting cells and receptor expression may contribute to the attenuated responses in LNC following stimulation with CpG ODN.  相似文献   

Sustainable Settlement in the Brazilian Amazon,A. L. Ozório de Almeida and J. S. Campari. Oxford University Press,New York, 1995. ISBN 0-19-521104-9, £22.50 (hardback), ix+189 pp.     

R. B. Potter 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》1999,10(6):593-593

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Adaptation to a Fat-Supplemented Diet by Cutting Horses     

T.R. Julen MS  G.D. Potter PhD  L.W. Greene PhD  G.G. Stott DVM  PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1995,15(10)

In a crossover experiment, eight mature Quarter Horses were exercised by simulated cutting-horse training and fed either a control concentrate (C) or a 10% fat-supplemented concentrate (F) with Bermuda grass hay in a 60:40 ratio. The experiment consisted of two 28-day experimental periods with a 28-day standardization period between treatments. Digestion trials and standardized exercise tests (SET) were conducted every 7 days during experimental periods. Dietary fat had no detrimental effect on digestion of diet constituents, and all digestion coefficients were within expected ranges. Likewise, there was no significant difference in heart rates between treatments or SET days. Plasma lactic acid concentrations did not differ (P > .05) between treatments, however, there was a decline (P < .05) with advancing SET day. When horses were fed fat, there was an increase (P < .05) in muscle glycogen storage from days 0 to 28, but there was no increase (P > .05) in muscle glycogen over time when horses were fed C. On days 7, 14, and 28, muscle glycogen utilization increased (P < .05) from day 0 when horses were fed fat but not C. Pre-exercise data were normalized such that day 0 values equaled zero, due to higher (P < .05) glycogen concentrations for C than F on day 0. Subsequently, muscle glycogen concentrations on day 28 before exercise were higher (P < .05) when horses were fed F than C. The results of this study indicate that Quarter Horses in simulated cutting-horse training can adapt to digestion of a fat-supplemented diet by day 14. However, it may take up to 28 days of adaptation to a fat-supplemented diet to observe increases in glycogen storage and use.  相似文献   

RESEARCH AND INVENTION IN ENGINEERING COLLEGES     

Potter AA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1940,91(2349):1-7

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Evaluating the Technique of Using Nitrogen Retention as a Response Criterion for Amino Acid Studies in the Horse     

Teri J. Antilley MS  Gary D. Potter PhD  PAS  Dipl. ACAN  Pete G. Gibbs PhD  PAS  Dipl. ACAN  Brett D. Scott PhD  PAS  Larry D. Claborn DVM  MS 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2007,27(12):525-530

Six Quarter Horse yearling fillies were used in a duplicated 3 × 3 Latin square experiment to evaluate the technique of using nitrogen retention as a response criterion for amino acid studies in the horse. Yearlings were paired by age and randomly assigned to one of three concentrates fed with medium-quality Coastal Bermudagrass hay. Diet A, a soybean meal–based concentrate, was amino acid sufficient. Diet B, a cottonseed hull–based concentrate containing 2% urea, was amino acid deficient. Horses fed diet C, identical to diet B, were orally dosed with synthetic essential amino acids and cysteine, immediately before eating, to match amino acid levels in diet A. Nitrogen retention was not different between diets A and B. There was a trend for horses fed diet C to have higher nitrogen retention, as a result of higher nitrogen intake. Nitrogen retained as a percent absorbed was lower (P < .05) for diet B than for diet A, whereas values for diet C were not different from diets A or B. Nitrogen retention was not an effective response criterion in this study. Differences in nitrogen retained as a percentage absorbed were observed between amino acid–sufficient and deficient diets. However, horses fed amino acid–deficient diets and dosed with synthetic amino acids likely require some modified dosage level to achieve the same or higher values as those for amino acid–sufficient diets.  相似文献   

Methods and normal values for echocardiography in adult dairy cattle     

G.D. Hallowell DipACVIM  T.J. Potter BVetMed  I.M. Bowen PhD 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2007,9(2):91-98

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to report normal ultrasonographic appearance and intra-cardiac dimensions in two dairy breeds and to calculate cardiac output (CO) using echocardiography.BackgroundIntra-cardiac dimensions, time indices and CO estimation have not previously been reported in adult cattle.Animals, materials and methodsEchocardiograms were obtained from healthy adult dairy cows (10 Jersey (J) and 12 Holstein Friesians (HF)) in the body weight range of 400 to 700 kg. Standard echocardiographic images were obtained from the left and right hemithoraces. Velocity time integrals were obtained in order to calculate CO using pulsed wave Doppler of aortic flow in the J cows. Measurements obtained included pulmonary artery and aortic diameters, left and right ventricular diameters (and calculated fractional shortening and left ventricular ejection fraction), left atrial size and time indices assessing valve function.ResultsHF cows had significantly (p < 0.05) larger pulmonary artery and aortic diameters, larger left atrial diameters and left ventricular internal diameters during diastole, but these were not different when corrected for body weight. Left and right ventricular dimensions, adjusted for body weight, were significantly larger (p = 0.02 and p = 0.035 respectively) in J cows when compared to HF cows. No differences were noted in the time indices between the two groups. No significant differences were noted in intra-operator variability and the only significant difference in inter-operator variability was in measurement of the pulmonary artery (p = 0.03; ICC = 0.63).ConclusionsIt is possible to obtain repeatable, reliable echocardiograms in order that meaningful intra-cardiac dimensions can be obtained in adult dairy cattle.  相似文献   

Energy supply     

Potter SP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1973,180(4085):446

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CYTOGENETICAL STUDIES OF INFERTILE PIGS     

W. L. Potter †  J. W. Cooper  A. W. Blackshaw† 《Australian veterinary journal》1980,56(3):133-136

Cytogenetical studies were made on 6 infertile pigs. Post-mortem examination of the reproductive organs of 5 of these pigs showed them to be intersexes. Regardless of the degree of gonadal deviation from the normal, chromosome karyotype of cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes, bone marrow, liver and kidney, revealed that 4 of the intersexes had a 38, XX constitution. One intersex exhibited sex chromosome mosaicism (38XX/38XY) in lymphocytes from the peripheral blood and bone marrow and a normal male karyotype (38XY) in cultured liver and kidney cells. The sixth pig, a phenotypically normal boar, also had a 38XX/38XY chromosome constitution.  相似文献   

Eocene angiosperm flowers     

Crepet WL  Dilcher DL  Potter FW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1974,185(4153):781-782

Collections of well-preserved angiosperm flowers from the Middle Eocene of southeastern North America include a variety of morphological types. The first of these specimens to be studied extensively, a catkin, has yielded a great deal of structural information. Floral morphology, pollen morphology, and the nature of the peltate scales suggest that this catkin is allied with extant genera of the Juglandaceae. This confirms the antiquity of some of the diagnostic floral and pollen features found in extant genera of the Juglandaceae and the importance of structural information available from fossil angiosperm flowers.  相似文献