Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of isolates of the rice false smut pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens in India     

Manas Kumar Bag  Anuprita Ray  Prahlad Masurkar  B. N. Devanna  C. Parameswaran  Mathew Baite  Prakash Chandra Rath  Amaresh Nayak 《Plant pathology》2021,70(5):1085-1097

Genetic diversity assessment and population structure analysis are essential for characterization of pathogens and their isolates. Markers are essential tools for exploring genetic variation among the isolates. False smut of rice caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, formerly Villosiclava virens, is a major emerging disease of rice in India. A high level of variability is observed at the field level, but no information is available from India on genetic diversity and population structure. This is the first report of genetic diversity and population structure of U. virens from India that included 63 isolates distributed across the vast geographical area of eastern and north-eastern India (18.9 to 26.7°N and 82.6 to 94.2°E). Seventeen RAPDs and 14 SSRs were identified as polymorphic and a total of 140 alleles were detected across the populations. The average number of alleles per locus for each primer was 4.5. All the isolates were grouped into two major clusters, with partial geographical segregation that was supported by principal coordinate analysis. Mantel test suggested genetic distance within the isolates increased with increasing geographical distance. Analysis of molecular variation showed more genetic variation within populations and less among populations. This outcome will help in understanding genetic diversity of U. virens from eastern and north-eastern India and in planning effective management strategies.  相似文献   

Effect of micronutrient supplementation around calving on the plasma cortisol levels of Murrah buffaloes and Sahiwal and Karan Fries cows     

Ajay Kumar Dang  Manu Jamwal  Mandheer Kaur  Shiv Prasad Kimothi  Shashi Pal  Kalyan De  Mohsin M. Pathan  Dilip K. Swain  Sushil K. Mohapatra  Suman Kapila  Rajeev Kapila  Harjit Kaur  Ashok K. Mohanty  Bukkaraya S. Prakash 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(4):1047-1050

Micronutrients when fed around peripartum may reduce the stress induced by cortisol. With this objective, 24 Sahiwal (SW) and 24 Karan Fries (KF) cows and 24 Murrah (Mu) buffaloes were taken and divided into four groups of six each. Vitamin E (VE), zinc (Zn) and copper were supplemented from 30 days pre- to 30 days postcalving in groups 1, 2 and 3. Animals without supplementation served as control. Blood sampling was done on days 30, 15, 7 and 3 precalving; at calving; and on days 3, 7, 15 and 30 postcalving. Plasma cortisol levels were measured by ELISA. Supplementation of VE and Zn significantly (P?<?0.05) reduced plasma cortisol levels at calving and at 30 days postcalving. KF cows exhibited best results with VE, whereas SW cows and Mu buffaloes responded best to Zn. Copper increased the peripartum cortisol levels. Reduction in cortisol levels may help in keeping the animal healthy and stronger to fight immuno-suppression generally observed around the period of peripartum.  相似文献   

Effect of supplementing different concentrations of organic trace minerals on performance, antioxidant activity, and bone mineralization in Vanaraja chickens developed for free range farming     

Savaram Venkata Rama Rao  Bhukya Prakash  Kanya Kumari  Mantena Venkata Laxmi Narasimha Raju  Arun Kumar Panda 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(6):1447-1451

An experiment was conducted to determine the performance, antioxidation activity, and bone mineral content in Vanaraja chickens fed diet supplemented with organic trace minerals (oTM) at reduced levels. A total of 360 day-old chicks were selected and distributed randomly into 60 battery brooder pens. A maize–soybean meal-based control diet was supplemented with inorganic trace minerals (iTM), i.e., Mn, Zn, Fe, and Cu at 50, 45, 40, and 7.5 mg/kg, respectively, and varying concentration of oTM, i.e., Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, I, Se, and Cr at 45, 50, 7.5, 40, 2, 0.30, and 0.25 mg/kg (diet II); 33.75, 37.50, 5.63, 30.0, 1.50, 0.23, and 0.19 mg/kg (diet III); 22.5, 25.0, 3.75, 20.0, 1.0, 0.15, and 0.13 mg/kg (diet IV); 18.0, 20.0, 3.0, 16.0, 0.80, 0.12, and 0.10 mg/kg (diet V); and 13.5, 15.0, 2.25, 12.0, 0.60, 0.09, and 0.08 mg/kg (diet VI), respectively. Each diet was allotted randomly to ten replicates and fed ad libitum from 1 to 42 days of age. The body weight at 14, 28, and 42 days was not affected by reducing the supplementation of oTM concentration in the diets. Similarly, feed intake at 14 days of age was not affected but reduced significantly (P?<?0.05) in the group fed diet IV (50 % oTM) compared to that in the other groups. The higher feed conversion ratio and increased concentration of Ca, P, and trace minerals in tibia were evident in the group fed oTM-supplemented diets compared to the diet containing iTM. Activities of glutathione peroxidase and ferric reducing ability in plasma did not differ in the groups fed on lower concentration of oTM compared to those fed on diet I (control diet). Therefore, it is concluded that the dietary supplementation of trace minerals can be reduced greatly when supplemented as organic form without affecting growth and antioxidant status in Vanaraja chickens.  相似文献   

Development and validation of a sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for blood plasma cortisol in female cattle,buffaloes, and goats     

R. Yadav  K. Mohan  V. Kumar  M. Sarkar  K. Nitu  H.H.D. Meyer  B.S. Prakash 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2013

A highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) that used the second antibody coating technique and the cortisol-horseradish peroxidase conjugate as a label for determination of free and total cortisol in blood plasma of dairy animals (cows, buffaloes, and goats) was developed. For biological validation of the EIA, blood samples were collected from the animals at 48 and 24 h before and 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, and 132 h after dexamethasone administration. The EIA was performed directly with 20 μL of fresh plasma (for free cortisol) and also with 20 μL of heat-treated plasma (for total cortisol) after 1:5 dilutions with PBS. Cortisol standards ranging from 0.39 to 200 pg/well/20 μL were used, and the sensitivity of the EIA procedure was found to be 0.39 pg/well/20 μL, which corresponded to 0.02 ng/mL. In comparison with RIA the EIA was at least 4 times more sensitive and required 5 times less cortisol antiserum. In female cattle, buffaloes, and goats, the total, free, and bound plasma cortisol before dexamethasone administration was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the total, free, and bound cortisol after dexamethasone administration. It can be concluded from these studies that the direct, sensitive EIA validated for estimating the free and total cortisol concentrations was sufficiently reliable and quick for studying the dynamics of cortisol distribution in blood plasma of dairy animals.  相似文献   

Effect of supplementation of vitamin E,copper and zinc on the in vitro phagocytic activity and lymphocyte proliferation index of peripartum Sahiwal (Bos indicus) cows     

A. K. Dang  S. Prasad  K. De  S. Pal  J. Mukherjee  I. V. R. Sandeep  G. Mutoni  M. M. Pathan  M. Jamwal  S. Kapila  R. Kapila  H. Kaur  S. Dixit  A. K. Mohanty  B. S. Prakash 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2013,97(2):315-321

To study the effect of vitamin E (VE), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) supplementation on the in vitro phagocytic activity (PA) and lymphocyte proliferation response (LPR) of blood neutrophils and lymphocytes, thirty Sahiwal pregnant cows (six in each group) in their late gestation at 30 days before the expected date of calving were selected from the NDRI experimental herd and supplemented with various micronutrients from 30 days before calving to 45 days after calving. Cows were supplemented individually with VE (1000 IU/cow/day), Cu (20 ppm/cow/day) and Zn (80 ppm/cow/day) and also with a combination of VE, Cu and Zn to study cumulative effect of all micronutrients. One group without any supplementation acted as a control. Blood neutrophils and lymphocytes were isolated and studied for their PA and LPR. Supplementation of micronutrients like VE, Cu, Zn and a combination of all these nutrients significantly (p < 0.01) increased the PA of experimental cows as compared to control (unsupplemented) cows during the pre‐partum period. During post‐partum, all the micronutrients (VE, Cu, Zn and their combination) showed a significant (p < 0.01) increase in the PA of experimental cows as compared to control cows. Of all the groups, significant (p < 0.01) and maximum PA was observed in the combination group followed by Zn‐supplemented group during both the pre‐ and post‐partum period. A significant (p < 0.01) increase in LPR of B lymphocytes was observed in combination‐supplemented group during the pre‐partum period and during both the pre‐ and post‐partum period in the Cu‐supplemented group.  相似文献   

Inhibition of virus infection by transient expression of short hairpin RNA targeting the methyltransferase domain of Tobacco mosaic virus replicase     

Sunil Kumar  Ashvini Kumar Dubey  Ruma Karmakar  Kukkundoor Ramachandra Kini  Mathew Kuriyan Mathew  Harischandra Sripathy Prakash 《Phytoparasitica》2013,41(1):9-15

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Secular trends and risk factors of overweight and obesity among Kuwaiti adults: National Nutrition Surveillance System data from 1998 to 2009     

Ahmed F  Waslien C  Al-Sumaie MA  Prakash P 《Public health nutrition》2012,15(11):2124-2130

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Detection and identification of the blackeye cowpea mosaic strain of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bean common mosaic virus</Emphasis> in seeds of cowpea from southern India     

Arakere C. Udaya Shankar  Chandra S. Nayaka  Bhuvanendra H. Kumar  Shekar H. Shetty  Harischandra S. Prakash 《Phytoparasitica》2009,37(3):283-293

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Low-field magnetic separation of monodisperse Fe3O4 nanocrystals   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yavuz CT  Mayo JT  Yu WW  Prakash A  Falkner JC  Yean S  Cong L  Shipley HJ  Kan A  Tomson M  Natelson D  Colvin VL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5801):964-967

Magnetic separations at very low magnetic field gradients (<100 tesla per meter) can now be applied to diverse problems, such as point-of-use water purification and the simultaneous separation of complex mixtures. High-surface area and monodisperse magnetite (Fe3O4) nanocrystals (NCs) were shown to respond to low fields in a size-dependent fashion. The particles apparently do not act independently in the separation but rather reversibly aggregate through the resulting high-field gradients present at their surfaces. Using the high specific surface area of Fe3O4 NCs that were 12 nanometers in diameter, we reduced the mass of waste associated with arsenic removal from water by orders of magnitude. Additionally, the size dependence of magnetic separation permitted mixtures of 4- and 12-nanometer-sized Fe3O4 NCs to be separated by the application of different magnetic fields.  相似文献   

Expression profile of HSP genes during different seasons in goats (Capra hircus)     

Satyaveer Singh Dangi  Mahesh Gupta  Divakar Maurya  Vijay Prakash Yadav  Rudra Prasanna Panda  Gyanendra Singh  Nitai Haridas Mohan  Sanjeev Kumar Bhure  Bikash Chandra Das  Sadhan Bag  Ramkrishna Mahapatra  Guttalu Taru Sharma  Mihir Sarkar 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(8):1905-1912

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