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Ota Barta Priscilla P Oyekan 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1981,4(2):209-221
Lymphocyte transformation test is a powerful tool in laboratory testing of immunologic competence of animals. The impaired function of the lymphocytes or presence of mitogenesis suppressing factors in the patient serum were detected by comparing lymphocyte transformation (expressed as thymidine incorporation) obtained in media containing either autologous, homologous, or fetal calf serum additions. Most valuable results were obtained by using at least two, preferably three, different phytomitogens: concanavlin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and pl ytohemagglutinin (PHA) at optimal concentrations (Con A, 15 μg/ml, PWM and PHA, 5 μg/ml) and decreased concentrations (Con A, 5 μg/ml, PWM and PHA, 1 μg/ml). Mitogenesis induced by lipopolysaccharide was considerably smaller and not used routinely. With 2 × 105 lymphocytes/well, the background count of unstimulated lymphocytes in autologous serum in healthy dogs was usually between 100 and 400 counts/min (CPM), in clinically healthy cattle and horses from 200 to over 2000 CPM. Higher CPM were rarely detected without clinical disease. Increased background counts were often associated with viral infections, leukemias and lymphoreticular hyperplasias, decreased background counts were associated with various diseases. The stimulation indexes (SI) of healthy animals in autologous serum with Con A, (5 μg/ml) or PWM or PHA (1 μg/ml) were in the range from 100 to 1000 in the dogs, in the tens for Con A and in hundreds for PWM and PHA in horses and cattle. Increased SI were present during the incubation period of various diseases. Decreased SI were associated with numerous infectious and lymphoreticular diseases and were caused by any of the following: (1) the presence of serum immunosuppressive factor(s) in the patient serum, (2) the decreased response of lymphocytes to mitogens, or (3) increased mitogenicity of lymphocytes due to unidentified serum factors in absence of phytomitogens. 相似文献
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Chao-Ting Xiao Priscilla F. Gerber Luis G. Giménez-Lirola Patrick G. Halbur Tanja Opriessnig 《Veterinary microbiology》2013,161(3-4):325-330
A novel porcine parvovirus designated as porcine parvovirus 2 (PPV2) was initially identified in Myanmar in 2001, in China during 2006–2007, and in Hungary in 2012. To investigate the presence and prevalence of PPV2 in the USA, a novel TaqMan® real-time PCR method was developed and used for a PPV2 survey using 483 lung samples, 185 fecal samples and 122 sera collected from pigs on 295 farms in 18 U.S. states. The overall prevalence of PPV2 was 20.7% (100/483) in lung samples and 7.6% (14/185) in fecal samples obtained from pigs of different age groups, and 1.6% (2/122) in sera or thoracic fluids obtained from neonatal pigs. Further genomic sequence comparison demonstrated that the 2011 U.S. PPV2 sequences have nucleotide identities of 95.4–97.7% with the 2006–2007 strains detected in China while the nucleotide identity was 94.7% with the 2001 strain detected in Myanmar, indicating persistent evolution of the virus. Phylogenetic and sequence homology analyses demonstrated a close relationship of PPV2 with members of the proposed genus PARV4-like virus, and the classification of PPV2 into this proposed genus is suggested. 相似文献
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Fernanda Kaercher Luiz Ernandes Kozicki Carlos Eduardo Camargo Romildo Romualdo Weiss Ivo Walter dos Santos Priscilla Ricabone Muradas Melina Andrea Formighieri Bertol Renata Azevedo de Abreu 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2013
This study aimed to prepare anovulatory mares in anestrus or in the transitional period as embryo recipients. Ninety embryo-recipient mares were divided into two groups (G). G1 (n = 45) comprised animals in anestrus or in the transitional period; these animals were treated for 3 days (D) with 5, 3, and 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (intramuscular) on D0 (day of the donor's ovulation), D1, and D2 (after ovulation), respectively, followed by weekly application of 400 mg of long-acting progesterone (intramuscular) from D3 after ovulation (donor) until the 120th day of gestation. G2 (n = 45) comprised mares with normal estrous cycles. Plasma levels of progesterone (P4) were measured on days D1, D2, D8, and D14. Sixty percent of the animals in G1 and 71.1% in G2 (P > .05) completed the pregnancy. On D8, there was no difference in P4 levels between G1 and G2 animals, but there was a difference in P4 levels on D14 (P < .05). It was concluded that anovulatory mares in anestrus or in the transitional period could be used as embryo recipients. The protocol was efficient and also considered an appropriate alternative to prepare the uterine environment for embryo transfer; long-acting progesterone administration kept P4 levels high enough to maintain pregnancy until the 120th day and provided recipients during the time of the year when fewer mares were cycling and ovulating. 相似文献
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Journal of Soils and Sediments - No studies to date have compared directly the ebullition-facilitated organic and metal contaminant fluxes to direct benthic contaminant fluxes measured in the... 相似文献
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Joyner PH Rochat MC Hoover JP 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,224(8):1298-301, 1280
An 8-week-old female Patagonian cavy was examined because of acute right hind limb lameness; radiography revealed a moderately displaced, comminuted fracture of the proximal third of the tibia. The fracture was stabilized with a hybrid external skeletal fixator. Two Kirschner wires were placed in the main proximal fragment, parallel to the tibial plateau and at right angles to each other. These wires were connected to a partial circular external fixator ring. Three half pins were placed in the distal fragment, and a straight connecting rod positioned on the medial side of the limb was connected to these pins and the fixator ring. A second connecting rod was positioned on the craniomedial side of the limb and was connected to the fixator ring and a fourth half pin in the distal fragment. The fracture healed without complications, and the fixator was removed 3 weeks after surgery. Hybrid external skeletal fixators combine the benefits of circular and linear external skeletal fixation methods, enabling rigid fixation of periarticular long bone fractures without adversely affecting mobility of the adjacent joint. 相似文献
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Phuong Hoang Priscilla F. Gerber Paul Reynolds Mary McMillan Peter Gray Stephen W. Walkden‐Brown 《Australian veterinary journal》2019,97(9):323-332
Haemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV) causes clinical haemorrhagic enteritis in young poults and/or subclinical immunosuppression which is often associated with colibacillosis. This disease is controlled with live vaccines worldwide, however, importation of HEV vaccines or cells that support HEV propagation are not permitted in Australia. A major experiment in isolators was conducted to test the safety and efficacy of a putative HEV vaccine. The study had a factorial design with four factors namely vaccination age (28 and 42 days of age), vaccine dose (0, 105, 106, 107 genomic copies of HEV vaccine), challenge with HEV (yes, no) and vaccination‐challenge interval (7, 21 or 42 days). A total of 315 poults were used providing 6‐8 birds per treatment combination. Turkey growth rate, mortality, pathological findings, anti‐HEV antibodies and viral load were examined. Vaccination lead to significant increases in anti HEV antibody over the following 2‐4 weeks. Overall, vaccination with 106 and 107 was protective against increase in relative splenic weight and splenic viral load in challenged birds. Clinical haemorrhagic enteritis was not induced by any treatment but there was an increased incidence of airsacculitis in groups receiving either HEV vaccine or challenge virus compared to the negative control birds (25.8‐29.3% vs. 9.4%, P < 0.05). Growth rate, mortality and relative bursal weight were unaffected by vaccination. This laboratory level study indicates that the putative vaccine is safe and likely to be efficacious, but may cause elevated levels of airsacculitis. These findings require confirmation in larger scale field trials. 相似文献
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Tatiana Salerno Márcio Garcia Ribeiro Amanda Keller Siqueira Priscilla Anne Melville Aline Artioli Machado Yamamura Aristeu Vieira da Silva 《Research in veterinary science》2010,88(2):211-287
Prototheca zopfii has been considered one of the most important causes of environmental mastitis in Brazil. These algae are refractory to conventional therapy and cause great damage to the mammary gland. The present study evaluated the in vitro algaecide effect of sodium hypochlorite and iodine based antiseptics on 27 P. zopfii strains isolated from the milk of cattle. Low concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (0.0390625-0.15625%) and iodine (0.15625-0.625%) were effective against the isolates. These antiseptics may be recommended for hygiene routines, pre and postdipping and cauterization of bovine mammary glands infected by P. zopfii. 相似文献
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Dornez E Verjans P Arnaut F Delcour JA Courtin CM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(17):9553-9562
The bread-improving potential of three psychrophilic xylanases from Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAH3A (XPH), Flavobacterium sp. MSY-2 (rXFH), and unknown bacterial origin (rXyn8) was compared to that of the mesophilic xylanases from Bacillus subtilis (XBS) and Aspergillus aculeatus (XAA). XPH, rXFH, and rXyn8 increased specific bread volumes up to 28%, 18%, and 18%, respectively, while XBS and XAA gave increases of 23% and 12%, respectively. This could be related to their substrate hydrolysis behavior. Xylanases with a high capacity to solubilize water-unextractable arabinoxylan (WU-AX) during mixing, such as XBS and XPH, increased bread volume more than xylanases that mainly solubilized WU-AX during fermentation, such as rXFH, rXyn8, and XAA. Irrespective of their intrinsic bread-improving potential, the dosages needed to increase bread volume to a similar extent were much lower for psychrophilic than for mesophilic xylanases. The xylanase efficiency mainly depended on the enzyme's temperature activity profile and its inhibition sensitivity. 相似文献