Environment and farm factors associated with exposure to Theileria parva infection in cattle under traditional mixed farming system in Mbeere District,Kenya     

Gachohi  John M.  Kitala  Phillip M.  Ngumi  Priscilla N.  Skilton  Rob A. 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(1):271-277

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between seroprevalence to Theileria parva infection in cattle and potential environmental and farm-level effects in 80 farms under traditional crop–livestock system in Mbeere District, Kenya. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect the effects characteristics as related to T. parva infection epidemiology. Serum samples were collected from 440 cattle of all ages for detection of T. parva antibodies by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The association between the variables was assessed using a generalized estimation equation logistic regression model. The overall T. parva seroprevalence, accounting for correlation of responses, was 19.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 14%, 25%). Two variables, “administrative division” and “presence of the vector tick on the farm”, were significantly associated with the T. parva seroresponse. Respectively, cattle from farms in Gachoka, Evurore, and Mwea divisions were (and their 95% CI) 1.3 (0.36, 4.8), 4.4 (1.2, 15.9), and 15.2 (4.9, 47.1) times more likely to be seropositive relative to those from Siakago Division (P = 0.000). Cattle from farms in which the vector tick was present were 2.9 (1.2, 6.7) times more likely to be seropositive (P = 0.011). Results of this study suggested that both environmental and farm factors may be associated with T. parva infection epidemiology in Mbeere District. Under such circumstances, characterization of environmental suitability for the vector tick and corresponding environment-specific farm management practices in the district is required both for improved understanding of the disease and in planning disease control programs.  相似文献   

Total nutrient digestibility and small intestine starch digestion in Nellore and Angus young bulls fed a whole shelled corn diet     

Jos Rodolfo R. Carvalho  Jon P. Schoonmaker  Mario L. Chizzotti  Priscilla D. Teixeira  Julio Cesar O. Dias  Tathyane R. S. Gionbelli  Aline C. Rodrigues  Suely F. Costa  Marcio M. Ladeira 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(1):8-16

Eighteen Nellore and 18 Angus young bulls with BW of 381 ± 12 kg were randomly assigned into two feeding groups (whole shelled corn [WSC] or ground corn with silage [GC]) to evaluate the interaction of breed and diet on total nutrient digestibility, pancreatic α‐amylase, and maltase activity and SLC5A1expression in the small intestine. Experimental diets (DM basis) included (a) a diet containing 30% corn silage and 70% GC and soya bean meal‐based concentrate and (b) a diet containing 85% WSC and 15% of a soya bean meal‐ and mineral‐based pelleted supplement. The treatments were Nellore fed GC diet; Nellore fed WSC diet; Angus fed GC diet; and Angus fed WSC diet. Total faecal collection for the digestibility trial occurred from day 48 until day 50 of the experimental period. Feeding the WSC diet reduced DM and NDF intake (p < 0.01). Angus had greater DM and nutrient intake in kg/day (p < 0.01). However, there was no breed effect on DM and nutrient intakes based on percentage of BW (p > 0.19). Angus had greater starch digestibility (p = 0.03) than Nellore. Cattle fed the WSC diet had greater DM, NDF and starch digestibility (p < 0.01) compared with those fed the GC diet. The activity of pancreatic α‐amylase (U/g of protein) was greater in Nellore (p < 0.01) and was not affected by diet (p = 0.52). In duodenum, maltase activity (U/g of protein) was greater in bulls fed GC diet (p = 0.02). Expression of the gene SLC5A1was not affected by breed or diet (p > 0.05). In conclusion, Nellore had less capacity to digest starch. However, they did not have less pancreatic α‐amylase and duodenal maltase activity compared to Angus. The use of the WSC diet increases DM and total nutrient digestibility.  相似文献   

Discovery of Survivin Inhibitors Part 1: Screening the Harbor Branch Pure Compound Library     

Esther A. Guzmn  Tara P. Pitts  Kirstie R. Tandberg  Priscilla L. Winder  Amy E. Wright 《Marine drugs》2021,19(2)

Survivin is a 16.5 KDa protein whose functions include promoting cellular mitosis, angiogenesis, and senescence as well as inhibiting apoptosis. Higher survivin expression is found in cancer tissues than normal tissues, and this expression correlates with disease progression and aggressiveness. Survivin has been validated as a clinical target for cancer. Small molecules are important antagonists of survivin levels in cancer cells. A structurally diverse library of genetically encoded small molecules (natural products) derived from marine plants, invertebrates, and microbes was screened for their ability to reduce expression levels of survivin in the DLD-1 colon adenocarcinoma and the A549 nonsmall cell lung carcinoma cell lines. This led to the identification of this novel activity for the known compounds eryloside E, ilicicolin H, tanzawaic acid A, and p-hydroxyphenopyrrozin. Both eryloside E and ilicicolin H showed the ability to reduce survivin expression in the low micromolar range against both cell lines.  相似文献   

Effect of Storage Time and Temperature of Equine Epididymis on the Viability,Motion Parameters,and Freezability of Epididymal Sperm     

Gabriel Augusto Monteiro  Priscilla Nascimento GuastiAline Silva Rocha  MV  MSc  Ian MartinYamê Fabres Robaina Sancler-Silva  MV  Camila P. Freitas Dell’AquaJosé Antonio Dell'Aqua Jr.  PhD  Frederico Ozanam Papa  PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2013

The recovery of sperm from the epididymal cauda may be the last chance to obtain genetic material when sudden death or serious injuries occur in valuable stallions. However, the lack of technical knowledge regarding the storage and transportation of the epididymis often prevents the preservation of the sperm. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare sperm parameters of sperm obtained immediately after orchiectomy with sperm recovered from epididymal cauda at different times after storage at 5°C and at room temperature (RT). For that, 48 stallions of different breeds were used. In group 1 (control group), eight stallions were used, and the harvest of the epididymal sperm was performed immediately after orchiectomy. In group 2, 40 stallions were used, which were divided into five groups according to the storage time of the epididymis after orchiectomy (6, 12, 18, 24, or 30 hours), making a total of eight stallions per group. One epididymis of each stallion was stored at 5°C, and the contralateral epididymis was stored at RT, both for the same period. The sperm parameters of total motility, progressive motility, progressive linear velocity, curvilinear velocity, percentage of rapid sperm, and plasma membrane integrity were evaluated in all the groups after sperm recovery, resuspension in a sperm freezing diluent, and thawing. In conclusion, the storage of the testis-epididymis complex at 5°C provided better preservation of epididymal sperm than the storage at RT, and regardless of the temperature, the progressive motility is the sperm parameter that is most sensitive to storage time.  相似文献   

How does pasture size alter plant–herbivore interactions among grazing cattle?     

Bertrand Dumont  Nicolas Rossignol  Francis Decuq  Priscilla Note  Anne Farruggia 《Grass and Forage Science》2020,75(4):438-446

Grassland management impacts ecosystem functioning and is critical for livestock production and biodiversity conservation. Decreasing the stocking rate usually benefits biodiversity but also decreases production per unit area. Here, we assessed the combined effects of cattle herd and pasture size on sward structure, diet quality and daily grazing time while maintaining a constant stocking rate. The experiment was conducted over four successive years in two blocks of a species-rich upland grassland that was continuously grazed for 5 months between May and October. Each block consisted of one 3-ha pasture that was grazed by a group of three heifers, one 9-ha pasture grazed by nine heifers, and one 27-ha pasture grazed by 27 heifers. The grazed patches were discriminated using a mathematical model that for each point gave a probability of being grazed based on sward height and spatial dependence. Heifers created fewer patches and had less control over sward height in the smallest (3-ha) plots, while no difference was found between the 9- and 27-ha plots. The small heifer groups also had the shortest daily grazing time. These observations point out a risk that animal impacts on sward structure could be partly missed in grazing experiments conducted with very small groups. Estimated diet quality was unaffected by pasture size. Patch stability was frequent between two successive years but we observed a decrease in interannual patch stability as time intervals increase. Such observations are useful for calibrating spatial interaction models combining foraging behaviour and vegetation dynamics rules and enhance their predictive ability.  相似文献   

1H NMR, a rapid method to monitor organic acids during cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum Spreng) processing     

Figueiredo IM  Pereira NR  Efraim P  García NH  Rodrigues NR  Marsaioli A  Marsaioli AJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(12):4102-4106

The development of an analytical method using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectrometry to monitor cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum Spreng) bean fermentation, drying, and roasting processes is reported. The analysis of organic acids and alcohols of crude water extracts of cupuassu ground kernels were monitored by HPLC and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The residual protein signals caused deleterious effects on acid and alcohol quantifications. Therefore, the analytical procedures were optimized by sample cleanup and water suppression pulse sequences in order to obtain compatible data using HPLC and 1H NMR. The quantification of lactic acid, acetic acid, and 2,3-butanediol by NMR is 5- to 10-fold faster than by HPLC, with the advantage of providing the identification of several chemical species in a single experiment. Application of these analytical conditions to some cupuassu samples revealed that this methodology can be applied to the quality profiles of fermentation and roasting processes.  相似文献   

Evaluation of dried macrophytes as an alternative diet for the rearing of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816)     

Marta Castilla‐Gaviln  Bruno Cognie  Emilie Ragueneau  Vincent Turpin  Priscilla Decottignies 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(7):1762-1769

The aim of this work was to assess the potential use of different dried macroalgae as food in the rearing of Paracentrotus lividus. Growth, consumption and food conversions were compared in adult sea urchins fed with fresh or dried thalli of four macroalgae species. Six experimental diets were tested: (a) fresh Palmaria palmata; (b) fresh Saccharina latissima; (c) dry P. palmata; (d) dry S. latissima; (e) dry Laminaria digitata and (f) dry Grateloupia turuturu. Linear growth rates were similar for all treatments. Specific growth rate was higher in sea urchins fed with fresh P. palmata, but no difference was found between animals fed with fresh S. latissima and those fed with dried diets. Regarding daily food consumption (DFC), sea urchins consumed the same amount of dried macroalgae as fresh but exhibited a higher food conversion efficiency (FCE) when fed with fresh P. palmata. However, this FCE was only significantly higher when compared to sea urchins fed with dry L. digitata. Dried G. turuturu is not a suitable diet due to its rapid degradation after rehydration. The results suggest that P. lividus adults can be reared on dried macroalgae thalli without detriment to their somatic growth, especially over short periods. The low cost of feeding sea urchins with this diet could help small shellfish farmers to diversify their production into echinoculture.  相似文献   

Evaluation of changes in microbiota after fecal microbiota transplantation in 6 diarrheic horses     

Marcio Costa  Rebecca Di Pietro  Jos Antonio Bessegatto  Priscilla Fajardo Valente Pereira  Fernanda C. Stievani  Roberta Gaberlini Gomes  Júlio A. N. Lisba  J. Scott Weese 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2021,62(10):1123

The purpose of this study was to characterize the fecal microbiota of horses with acute and chronic diarrhea before and after fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Six client-owned horses with acute and chronic diarrhea received FMT from 2 healthy donor horses. Microbiota analysis using next-generation sequencing was performed on fecal samples collected before and 2 and 7 d after FMT. Signs of diarrhea improved in 4 horses, whereas the remaining 2 horses did not survive. There was a significant difference in the number of bacterial species between donors and recipients (P < 0.05). The Order Lactobacillales and the genera Lactobacillus, Intestinimonas, and Streptococcus were increased in the microbiota of diarrheic horses, and Saccharofermentans genus increased in healthy donors. The results suggest that FMT from the healthy donors was not effective over a 7-day period as it did not change the fecal microbiota of the diarrheic horses. Further research to improve the efficacy of FMT in horses is needed.  相似文献   

Optimizing metamorphosis in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paracentrotus lividus</Emphasis> aquaculture using alternative macroalgae species to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Corallina</Emphasis> sp.     

Marta Castilla-Gavilán  Vincent Turpin  Florence Buzin  Bruno Cognie  Priscilla Decottignies 《Aquaculture International》2018,26(6):1511-1518

Metamorphosis induction cues (by chemical mediation or direct contact) were tested in Paracentrotus lividus using three different macroalgae treatments: Corallina sp., Palmaria palmata, and Laminaria digitata. Higher percentages of metamorphosis were reached in Paracentrotus lividus larvae by direct contact with a Palmaria palmata substrate.  相似文献   

The insertion of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolC gene in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) affects plant architecture and endogenous auxin and abscisic acid levels     

Priscilla Bettini  Rita Baraldi  Francesca Rapparini  Lorenzo Melani  Maria Luisa Mauro  Daniela Bindi  Marcello Buiatti 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010

In the present paper we report on the effects of the insertion of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolC gene in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L., formerly Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivar Tondino. Several transgenic lines were successfully obtained, between which two clones, rolC1 and rolC3, were chosen for the analysis of morpho-productive traits as well as of the endogenous levels of auxin and abscisic acid. Consistent with the known phenotypic effect of this gene, the transformed tomato plants were significantly shorter than the corresponding controls. On the other hand, even if yield was not affected by the transformation in terms of average number of fruits produced, fruit weight was significantly lower in the transgenics with respect to the controls. Therefore, insertion of the rolC gene does not lead to an improvement in plant productivity.  相似文献