Thresholds of the dog for detection of inhaled eugenol and benzaldehyde determined by electroencephalographic and behavioral olfactometry   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

L J Myers  R Pugh 《American journal of veterinary research》1985,46(11):2409-2412

Electroencephalographic olfactometry and behavioral olfactometry were developed to evaluate objectively the olfactory function of 12 dogs. These techniques were used to determined normative thresholds for benzaldehyde, a mixed olfactory and trigeminal stimulant, and eugenol, a suspected pure olfactory stimulant, in 12 dogs. Both techniques were effective in obtaining a mean threshold for clinically normal dogs. Electroencephalographic olfactometry was demonstrated to be more sensitive than was behavioral olfactometry. The techniques measured olfactory function by failure to evoke responses in dogs after ablation of olfactory mucosa. The contribution of trigeminal stimulation to the thresholds was not determined.  相似文献   

A genome-wide association study of type 2 diabetes in Finns detects multiple susceptibility variants     

Scott LJ  Mohlke KL  Bonnycastle LL  Willer CJ  Li Y  Duren WL  Erdos MR  Stringham HM  Chines PS  Jackson AU  Prokunina-Olsson L  Ding CJ  Swift AJ  Narisu N  Hu T  Pruim R  Xiao R  Li XY  Conneely KN  Riebow NL  Sprau AG  Tong M  White PP  Hetrick KN  Barnhart MW  Bark CW  Goldstein JL  Watkins L  Xiang F  Saramies J  Buchanan TA  Watanabe RM  Valle TT  Kinnunen L  Abecasis GR  Pugh EW  Doheny KF  Bergman RN  Tuomilehto J  Collins FS  Boehnke M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,316(5829):1341-1345

Identifying the genetic variants that increase the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in humans has been a formidable challenge. Adopting a genome-wide association strategy, we genotyped 1161 Finnish T2D cases and 1174 Finnish normal glucose-tolerant (NGT) controls with >315,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and imputed genotypes for an additional >2 million autosomal SNPs. We carried out association analysis with these SNPs to identify genetic variants that predispose to T2D, compared our T2D association results with the results of two similar studies, and genotyped 80 SNPs in an additional 1215 Finnish T2D cases and 1258 Finnish NGT controls. We identify T2D-associated variants in an intergenic region of chromosome 11p12, contribute to the identification of T2D-associated variants near the genes IGF2BP2 and CDKAL1 and the region of CDKN2A and CDKN2B, and confirm that variants near TCF7L2, SLC30A8, HHEX, FTO, PPARG, and KCNJ11 are associated with T2D risk. This brings the number of T2D loci now confidently identified to at least 10.  相似文献   

Off-Resonance Conduction Through Atomic Wires     

A Yazdani  DM Eigler  ND Lang 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,272(5270):1921-1924

The electrical resistance of wires consisting of either a single xenon atom or two xenon atoms in series was measured and calculated on the basis of an atom-jellium model. Both the measurement and the calculation yielded a resistance of 10(5) ohms for the single-xenon atom system and 10(7) ohms for the two-xenon atom system. These resistances greatly exceeded the 12,900-ohm resistance of an ideal one-dimensional conduction channel because conduction through the xenon atoms occurs through the tail of the xenon 6s resonance, which lies far above the Fermi level. This conduction process in an atom-sized system can now be understood in terms of the electronic states of individual atoms.  相似文献   

Targeting of HIF-alpha to the von Hippel-Lindau ubiquitylation complex by O2-regulated prolyl hydroxylation   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jaakkola P  Mole DR  Tian YM  Wilson MI  Gielbert J  Gaskell SJ  von Kriegsheim A  Hebestreit HF  Mukherji M  Schofield CJ  Maxwell PH  Pugh CW  Ratcliffe PJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,292(5516):468-472

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Enlargements of the distal third metacarpus and metatarsus in Thoroughbred foals at pasture from birth to 160 days of age     

EK Gee  EC Firth  PCH Morel  PF Fennessy  ND Grace  TD Mogg 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):438-447

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Articular/epiphyseal osteochondrosis in Thoroughbred foals at 5 months of age: Influences of growth of the foal and prenatal copper supplementation of the dam     

EK Gee  EC Firth  PCH Morel  PF Fennessy  ND Grace  TD Mogg 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):448-456

AIMS: To determine the influence of copper (Cu) supplementation by injection of mares in late gestation on the frequency and severity of osteochondrosis (OC) lesions in their foals at around 160 days of age. To determine if there was any influence of the concentration of Cu in the liver, growth rate, birthweight, weight at 160 days of age, fatness, sex, or year of birth of the foal on the frequency and severity of OC lesions. To determine the influence of dam's age, and sex and birthweight of the foal on the growth rate from birth to 160 days of age, and weight at 160 days of age.

METHODS: Thirty-three Thoroughbred foals, born in two consecutive years, were weighed every 2 weeks from birth. The dams had been supplemented with parenteral Cu or saline during late gestation, and the supplementation regimens were different in each year. Foals had liver biopsies harvested at birth for determination of Cu concentration. Pasture samples were collected every 4–8 weeks for analysis of concentration of Cu and zinc (Zn). At 160 days of age, articular cartilage of long bones was examined. Gross lesions were counted and scored, then sawn and radiographed, and processed for histopathology. Lesions were given radiographic scores and histopathological scores. Maximum scores for each lesion were combined to give a total OC score for each joint and each foal. The fatness of 20 foals (10 each from Years 1 and 2) at 160 days of age was determined chemically.

RESULTS: Supplementation of dams with Cu had no significant effect on the concentration of Cu in the liver of foals at birth, or on the frequency or severity of lesions in articular cartilage at 160 days of age. The Cu and Zn concentrations of pasture were similar in Years 1 and 2, and were lower than current recommendations. All foals in Year 2, and 9/10 foals in Year 1 had irregularities in cartilage that was confirmed histologically to be indicative of OC. The average number of lesions per foal was 4.7 (SD 1.1) and 5.7 (SD 1.1) in Years 1 and 2, respectively. However, the severity of the lesions was considered mild, and no foals showed any clinical evidence of OC while alive. The number of lesions in the tarsocrural (TC) joint and the TC OC score at 160 days were positively associated with average daily weight gain (ADG) in the previous 4 weeks (p=0.005 and p=0.001, respectively). There was no significant effect of sex, fatness, birth-weight, weight at 160 days of age, or year of birth of the foal on the frequency and severity of OC lesions.

CONCLUSIONS: Many of the lesions classified as OC, using classification systems described by other authors, were likely to be normal variations of the process of endochondral ossification. Despite the high frequency of such lesions, they were considered to be of minor significance and none were clinically evident. The distribution of lesions was not typical, and most probably reflected the subtlety of the lesions. These results support the hypothesis that Cu is an over-emphasised factor in the aetiopathogenesis of OC. The relationship between subtle macroscopic lesions and lesions resulting in clinical signs of disease requires further investigation.  相似文献   

Acute coenurosis of dairy sheep from 11 flocks in Greece     

ND Giadinis  V Psychas  Z Polizopoulou  E Papadopoulos  N Papaioannou  ATh Komnenou 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(4):247-253

Abstract

CASE HISTORY: A syndrome of acute neurological dysfunction with increased mortality was observed in lambs of 10 dairy sheep flocks and adult animals in one flock in Central and Northern Greece. Each farmer completed a questionnaire regarding the management and feeding of their flocks. In seven of the 11 flocks the affected animals were grazing pasture, while in the remaining four flocks (5, 8, 9, 10) the animals were fed alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa) and concentrates indoors. A follow-up study of the affected flocks was conducted during the next 12 months.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: Of 42 sheep with acute coenurosis that were examined, the most prominent neurological abnormalities were ataxia, depression, blindness, scoliosis, coma and dysmetria. Except for the four sheep that were comatose, all other animals had normal body temperatures and their appetites remained normal or were slightly decreased. Haematological findings of 15 examined sheep were within normal limits. The affected sheep were subject to euthanasia. A histopathological examination was performed in 13 cases. Faecal samples from dogs associated with these flocks were negative for taeniid infections. During the following 12 months cases of chronic coenurosis in these flocks were observed.

PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: In the 42 animals that were necropsied, the main gross findings were cystic formations between 0.5–1 cm in diameter with translucent walls that were seen lying free on the leptomeninges or partly penetrating the brain tissue, sterile microabscecess and brain necrosis. Histopathological evaluation of tissue sections of 13 brains showed multifocal purulent or pyogranulomatous meningoencephalitis, accompanied by eosinophilic infiltrations. No bacteria were isolated following bacterial culture of brain tissue Parasitological examination of the cysts from five cases revealed whitish specks on the transparent cyst wall and germination membrane representing the scolices.

DIAGNOSIS: Acute coenurosis was diagnosed in all cases studied.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Acute coenurosis can be one of the causes of acute encephalopathy mainly in lambs, but also in adult sheep. This condition is incurable, but can be controlled by changing the feeding regime. Cases of chronic coenurosis may be seen a few months later in the same flock.  相似文献   

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) toxicosis in cats: 33 cases (2004–2010)     

Cassandra M. Pugh DVM  Joseph T. Sweeney  Christopher P. Bloch PhD  Justine A. Lee DVM  DACVECC  DABT  Justine A. Johnson DVM  DACVECC  Lynn R. Hovda RPH  DVM  MS  DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2013,23(5):565-570

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Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: evidence for general immunity   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K E Kopecky  G W Pugh  T J McDonald 《American journal of veterinary research》1983,44(2):260-262

A study was conducted to determine whether acquired immunity to Moraxella bovis during episodes of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) was local or general. Twelve calves (principals) were exposed to M bovis in the left eye by conjunctival sac instillation on day 1 and in both eyes on day 21. Six calves exposed in both eyes at day 1 and six others exposed at day 21 served as controls. The mean duration of infection in the right eyes of principal calves was significantly less (P less than 0.001) than that in the left eyes of principal calves, as well as those of the control calves. There were no significant differences (P less than 0.2) in the durations of infection between the 2 groups of the control calves or the duration of infection in the left eyes of principal calves. Five of 6 calves (7 of 12 eyes) in the day 1 controls and 4 of 6 calves (7 of 12 eyes) in the day 21 controls developed IBK. Ten of 12 of the principals developed IBK in the left eye when exposed on day 1, but only 1 of 12 principals developed IBK in the right eye when exposed on day 21. It was concluded that the resistance to infection after initial infection is probably due to a generalized immune response, rather than to a localized response.  相似文献   

A case of mastitis in a young filly     

D.G. Pugh DVM  MS  R.A. Magnusson DVM  P.D. Modransky DVM  MS  K.R. Darnton DVM 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1985,5(3):132-134

A 15-week-old Arabian filly was treated for clinical mastitis, which, after 5 days of therapy, responded to procaine penicillin G (I.M.). After 1 month the signs returned, and the filly was re-evaluated for recurring mastitis, signs of systemic illness, and a purulent teat exudation. A β hemolytic streptococcus organism was recovered from the udder exudate. The filly recovered after 11 days of trimethoprim-sulphamethozole (5.4 gm P.O. b.i.d.), stripping the udder and infusing cephapirin sodium (1/2 a tube into each teat orifice b.i.d.), and hot-packing the udder. Her condition was monitored for I year post initial treatment. The current literature dealing with mastitis in the horse is reviewed.  相似文献