Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase lower fecundity in the German cockroach: correlation between the effects on fecundity in vivo with the inhibition of enzymatic activity in embryo cells     

Zapata R  Piulachs MD  Bellés X 《Pest management science》2003,59(10):1111-1117

The enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase is crucial to insect development and reproduction, as revealed by the sterilising properties of some specific inhibitors of it. In the present paper, we study the sterilising effects of a number of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L). The inhibitors tested were naringenin, lovastatin, mevastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin and fluvastatin. The first two compounds were ineffective or scarcely effective as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. The most active compounds in vivo were fluvastatin and atorvastatin, followed by simvastatin and mevastatin. They were equally ranked when tested as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in the B germanica embryonic derived cell line UM-BGE-1. This suggests that this cell line may be an appropriate tool for testing HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and so to predict their properties as insect sterilising agents with insecticide potential.  相似文献   

Analgesic and systemic effects of ketamine,xylazine, and lidocaine after subarachnoid administration in goats     

DeRossi R  Junqueira AL  Beretta MP 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(1):51-56

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of ketamine hydrochloride, xylazine hydrochloride, and lidocaine hydrochloride after subarachnoid administration in goats. ANIMALS: 6 healthy goats. PROCEDURE: In each goat, ketamine (3 mg/kg), xylazine (0.1 mg/kg), lidocaine (2.5 mg/kg), and saline (0.9% NaCI) solution were injected into the subarachnoid space between the last lumbar vertebra and first sacral vertebra (time 0). Analgesic, ataxic, sedative, cardiovascular, and respiratory effects and rectal temperature were evaluated before (baseline) and 2, 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes after administration and at 30-minute intervals thereafter as needed. RESULTS: Administration of anesthetics induced varying degrees of analgesia. Onset of the analgesic effect was more delayed for xylazine (mean +/- SD, 9.5 +/- 2.6 minutes) than for ketamine (6.7 +/- 2.6 minutes) or lidocaine (3.5 +/- 1.2 minutes). Duration of analgesia induced by xylazine (88.3 +/- 15 minutes) was twice as long as the duration of analgesia induced by ketamine (48.8 +/- 13.5 minutes) but similar to that induced by lidocaine (66.5 +/- 31 minutes). Xylazine induced bradycardia, whereas ketamine caused a nonsignificant increase in heart rate. Xylazine induced a reduction in arterial pressure, whereas ketamine or lidocaine did not affect arterial pressure. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Subarachnoid administration of xylazine in goats resulted in longer duration of analgesia of the tail, perineum, hind limbs, flanks, and caudodorsal rib areas than administration of ketamine or lidocaine. However, xylazine caused bradycardia and respiratory depression. Additional studies are needed to determine whether the analgesia would be sufficient to allow clinicians to perform surgical procedures.  相似文献   

Ultrastructural study of a tetratrichomonad species isolated from prepucial smegma of virgin bulls     

Cobo ER  Campero CM  Mariante RM  Benchimol M 《Veterinary parasitology》2003,117(3):195-211

We present observations on an unusual tetratrichomonad species isolated from preputial smegma of virgin bulls. Ultrastructural studies were performed using scanning and electron microscopy techniques. This protozoan presents four anterior flagella of unequal length and a recurrent one forming the undulating membrane. It shows one anterior nucleus, a Golgi complex, an axostyle, and a costa. The hydrogenosomes are rather elongated, seen in groups, and presenting different electron densities. Vacuoles of different sizes containing bacteria and material in process of digestion were frequently found. PCR was also used in order to compare the species herein described with other trichomonad species. The amplification products were seen only with primers TFR1 and TFR2 (specific to trichomonads), but not with TFR3 and TFR4 (specific to Tritrichomonas foetus), suggesting that although collected from the genital tract of the bull, this protist was not T. foetus. We propose that the appearance of these tetratrichomonads were probably due to the sodomy practiced among bulls. Concomitant contamination of preputial cavity with feces could explain the presence of the opportunistic organism. The observations presented here show the importance of the correct diagnostic when investigating samples obtained from the urogenital tract of cattle. We also suggest that this flagellate belongs to the species Tetratrichomonas buttreyi.  相似文献   

Computed Tomography (Ct) of the Liver of the Dog by a Six-generation CT Scanner and Intravenous Contrast Medium     

M. A. Teixeira    G. Ramírez-Zarzosa  A. Arencibia    L. Cardoso    M. D. Ayala    F. Gil    A. Agut    M. A. Rivero 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2005,34(S1):51-52

By computed tomography the liver has an intermediate degree of attenuation, with a CT value (HU) between 70 and 75. However, this number may vary according to the generation of the apparatus, the use of contrasts medium, the efficiency of the detector, etc. The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the liver of the dog and related structures by means of a six-generation spiral CT scanner (Toshiba Ex Vision [[Au: please provide manufacturers details for 'Toshiba Ex Vision': city, state code (if USA) and Country]]), and the previous injection of intravenous contrast medium via cephalic vein. Four half-breed mature dogs (4–6 years, 15–20 kg) were used, two males and two females. The dogs were anaesthetized and kept over a stretcher in sternal recumbency. To evaluate the liver two different CT windows with different window width and window level were applied: soft tissue window (WW 652; WL -34) and mediastinal-vascular window (WW 352; WL 220). The CT images obtained allowed an excellent resolution at the level of the hepatic lobules, the gall bladder, the porta vein, the hepatic artery, the caudal cava vein, etc. The attenuation shades of these structures were very similar in the two used windows, however a better contrast was obtained with the soft tissue window.  相似文献   

Computed Tomography of the Mediastinum of the Dog by a Six-generation CT Scanner, Different Windows and Peroral and Intravenous Contrast Medium     

L. Cardoso    J. M. Vázquez    M. A. Teixeira    G. Ramírez-Zarzosa  A. Agut    A. Arencibia    M. A. Rivero    F. Gil 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2005,34(S1):10-11

The anatomical and clinical studies of computed tomography (CT) in the dog are still scarce. Particularly, there are few CT studies combining the use of rapid apparatus of the latest generation, the supply of contrast medium (digestive or intravenous) and the application of regional specific CT windows with different window width (WW) and window level (WL). The use of this CT methodology is particularly recommended in the evaluation of mediastinal masses, heart pathologies, etc. In this work the mediastinum of the dog was studied by using a sixth generation spiral CT scanner (Toshiba Ex Vision), belonging to the private Medical Institute of Radiology 'Irion' of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Four mixed-breed mature dogs (4–6 years, 15–20 kg) were used, two males and two females. The dogs were anaesthetized and kept at a maximum inspiration when getting the images. Previously, the urografin® contrast had been injected by peroral and intravenous (cephalic vein) via. Dogs were placed in a stretcher in sternal recumbency. Different CT windows were applied in order to increase the quality of the images and to obtain detailed attenuation shades of the mediastinum organs: soft tissue window (WW 652; WL -34), pulmonary window (WW 928; WL -680) and mediastinal-vascular window (WW 352; WL 220). The mediastinal space was studied craniocaudally from the level of the cranial cava vein, brachiocephalic trunk and left subclavian artery, to the caudal end of the lumbodiaphragmatic recess . The obtained images allowed a very good tomographic evidence of the great vessels, the heart, the thoracic portion of the trachea, the principal bronchi, the thoracic portion of the oesophagus, etc.  相似文献   

What is your diagnosis? Inflammatory and infiltrative disease of the colon     

Estepa JC  Lopez I  Mayer-Valor R  Aguilera-Tejero E 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,227(7):1081-1082

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Detection of a chloramphenicol efflux system in Escherichia coli isolated from poultry carcass   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Moreira MA  Oliveira JA  Teixeira LM  Moraes CA 《Veterinary microbiology》2005,109(1-2):75-81

An active chloramphenicol efflux system was demonstrated in a multiresistant E. coli isolated from poultry carcass. The effect of different concentrations of chloramphenicol on the original strain and on the plasmid-cured strain was determined in the presence and in the absence of CCCP, an uncoupler of the proton-motive force. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was lower in the presence of CCCP in the original strain. The plasmid-cured strain displayed lower resistance for chloramphenicol than the wild type, but the MIC was not affected by CCCP. The combined results indicate a plasmid encoded energy dependent resistance mechanism. 3H-chloramphenicol accumulation within the cells was measured by scintillation counting. The uptake or the efflux of 3H-chloramphenicol was influenced by CCCP in the original strain, but not in the plasmid-cured strain. More than one chloramphenicol resistance mechanism may exist in this strain. E. coli is an important commensal or pathogen that inhabits the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals, so a plasmid encoded active drug resistance mechanism can be a potential source of horizontal transfer of resistance.  相似文献   

Effects of preoperative administration of meloxicam on whole blood platelet aggregation, buccal mucosal bleeding time, and haematological indices in dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy     

Fresno L  Moll J  Peñalba B  Espada Y  Andaluz A  Prandi D  Ruiz de Gopegui R  García F 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2005,170(1):138-140

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative administration of meloxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for pain control, on primary haemostasis in dogs. Twenty healthy female dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy were enrolled in the study. Sixty minutes before pre-anaesthesia, a single dose of meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg) was randomly administered intravenously (IV) to 10 dogs (treatment group) while control dogs received an equivalent volume of saline solution IV. Platelet aggregation, buccal mucosa bleeding time, platelet count and haematological indices were measured at 0, 1, 6 and 24 h after administration of meloxicam. Since significant differences between groups were not observed for any of the measured parameters, preoperative administration of meloxicam may be used for pain control before elective ovariohysterectomy in healthy dogs, without compromising primary haemostasis.  相似文献   

Survey of bacterial microorganisms in the conjunctival sac of clinically normal dogs and dogs with ulcerative keratitis in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil     

Prado MR  Rocha MF  Brito EH  Girão MD  Monteiro AJ  Teixeira MF  Sidrim JJ 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2005,8(1):33-37

OBJECTIVE: The ocular microflora in dogs has not been established in north-east Brazil. Thus, the main aim of this research was to determine the bacterial microorganisms in the conjunctival sac of clinically normal dogs and dogs with ulcerative keratitis in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. ANIMALS STUDIED: This study included 60 healthy dogs, 15 dogs with unilateral corneal ulcer, and three dogs with bilateral corneal ulcers. Procedure Samples were taken by a calibrated platinum loop (1 microL) placed directly onto the conjunctival sac and on sterile blood agar. The clinical specimens were incubated at 37 degrees C in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 for 48 h. RESULTS: Of the 120 samples from healthy dogs, only 47 (39%) had positive culture for bacteria, while all of the specimens from eyes with corneal ulcer were positive for bacterial growth. The group of dogs with corneal ulcer had a higher (P < 0.05) number of colony-forming units (CFU) per plate than the group of healthy animals. Of the 59 isolates from healthy eyes, only nine (15.3%) had more than 50 CFU per plate, while in the group of dogs with corneal ulcer, 23 (62.2%) of the 37 isolates presented more than 50 CFU per plate. In both groups Gram-positive bacteria (86.5%) predominated over Gram-negative (13.5%). Staphylococcus spp. was the most frequently isolated genus and S. intermedius predominated in both groups. CONCLUSION: The results of our study are directly applicable to initiate rational, preventive and therapeutic measures with greater accuracy in dogs with corneal ulcer.  相似文献   

Corrigendum to “Prevalence and intensity of intestinal helminths found in free-ranging golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia, Primates,Callitrichidae) from Brazilian Atlantic forest” [Vet. Parasitol. 145 (2007) 77–85]     

Rafael V. Monteiro  James M. Dietz  Benjamin B. Beck  Andrew J. Baker  Andreia Martins  Ana Maria Jansen 《Veterinary parasitology》2007

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