The effect of harvesting method on biomass retention and operational efficiency in low-value mountain forests     

Raffaele Spinelli  Natascia Magagnotti  Giovanni Aminti  Fabio De Francesco  Carolina Lombardini 《European Journal of Forest Research》2016,135(4):755-764

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Using a Small-Log Mobile Sawmill System to Contain Fuel Reduction Treatment Cost on Small Parcels     

Michael J. De Lasaux  Raffaele Spinelli  Bruce R. Hartsough  Natascia Magagnotti 《Small-Scale Forestry》2009,8(3):367-379

The Authors tested a mobile small-log sawmill system that could produce cants and boards of variable size, according to the needs and specifications of each property owner. The unit was deployed as part of a comprehensive mechanical fuel reduction operation, aimed at thinning small properties around homesteads. Working on conifer small logs, the mill proved very efficient, with a processing productivity between 0.3 and 2.8 m³ of lumber per working hour and a recovery rate of 50% for boards, and 67% for cants. The mill could be set up and dismantled in a few hours and was easy to move around. However, the exceedingly small amount of logs available at each site entailed a low utilization of the mill (about 25% of the time) and a consequently high processing cost. Under the conditions of the study, milling cost can be contained below 150 US dollars per m³ of lumber only if the single site offers at least 50 m³ of logs, already sorted during harvesting. Hence the suggestion of pooling the wood obtained from small parcel fuel reduction treatments in satellite yards and milling it only when a large enough amount has been accumulated. In turn, satellite yards could be organized into an integrated network complementary—rather than alternative—to stationary mills.  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal variations of albedo in managed agricultural landscapes: inferences to global warming impacts (GWI)     

Sciusco  Pietro  Chen  Jiquan  Abraha  Michael  Lei  Cheyenne  Robertson  G. Philip  Lafortezza  Raffaele  Shirkey  Gabriela  Ouyang  Zutao  Zhang  Rong  John  Ranjeet 《Landscape Ecology》2020,35(6):1385-1402

Landscape Ecology - Albedo can be used to quantify ecosystem and landscape contributions to local and global climate. Such contributions are conventionally expressed as radiative forcing (RF) and...  相似文献   

Carotenoid deposition in pen-reared salmonids fed diets containing oil extracts of red crab (Pleuroncodes planipes)     

John Spinelli  Conrad Mahnken 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1978,13(3):213-223

The rate of deposition of carotenoids in pen-reared coho salmon was investigated by the addition of known carotenoid levels to diets. The carotenoids added to the diets were derived from red crab (P. planipes), and a process is described for the preparation of a soya oil carotenoid concentrate. Using a 3-stage counter-current extraction process, extracts containing 155 mg/100 g oil were prepared from red crab (P. planipes). Oregon moist pellets containing 3, 6, and 9 mg carotenoid/100 g were prepared using these extracts and were fed to coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) for 120 days. The amount of carotenoid deposited in the flesh of the fish was related to the carotenoid content of the diet and to the weight of the fish. Fish fed diets containing 6 and 9 mg carotenoid/100 g for the same length of time contained 60% more flesh carotenoids than those fed 3 mg/100 g. In general, after 120 days of feeding, only those fish feeding on diets containing 6.0 and 9.0 mg carotenoid/100 g and weighing over 215 g were assessed as having good-to-excellent coloration. Analysis of the flesh showed that there was no correlation between its carotenoid and fat contents.  相似文献   

Formulation of New Media from Dairy and Brewery Wastes for a Sustainable Production of DHA-Rich Oil by Aurantiochytrium mangrovei     

Giovanni L. Russo  Antonio L. Langellotti  Vito Verardo  Beatriz Martín-García  Prospero Di Pierro  Angela Sorrentino  Marco Baselice  Maria Oliviero  Raffaele Sacchi  Paolo Masi 《Marine drugs》2022,20(1)

Mozzarella stretching water (MSW) is a dairy effluent generated from mozzarella cheese production that does not have a real use and is destined to disposal, causing environmental problems and representing a high disposal cost for dairy producers. Spent brewery yeast (SBY) is another promising food waste produced after brewery manufacturing that could be recycled in new biotechnological processes. Aurantiochytrium mangrovei is an aquatic protist known as producer of bioactive lipids such as omega 3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 LC-PUFA), in particular docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In this work MSW and SBY have been used to formulate new sustainable growth media for A. mangrovei cultivation and production of DHA in an attempt to valorize these effluents. MSW required an enzymatic hydrolysis to enhance the biomass production. The new media obtained from hydrolysed MSW was also optimized using response surface methodologies, obtaining 10.14 g L⁻¹ of biomass in optimized medium, with a DHA content of 1.21 g L⁻¹.  相似文献   

Modeling farm-level adoption of deficit irrigation using Positive Mathematical Programming     

Raffaele Cortignani  Simone Severini 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(12):1785-1791

Irrigated agriculture in the European Union (EU) is currently adapting to new conditions including the principle of the full recovery of water service costs, the reduction of water availability and the increasing variability in the prices of agricultural products. This has fostered an increasing number of economic analyses to investigate farmers’ behaviour by means of mathematical programming techniques including Positive Mathematical Programming (PMP) models.However PMP models generally consider only activities observed in the reference period even if, under new policies and market conditions, farmers can adopt irrigation techniques they have not used previously. In particular, under increasing water costs or decreasing water availability, farmers can introduce Deficit Irrigation (DI) techniques that might not have been profitable earlier.We propose an extension of the PMP approach to include DI techniques not observed in the reference period. These alternative techniques are identified by means of a crop growth model developed by the FAO. We apply our methodology to a Mediterranean area using three sets of simulations involving: increases in water costs, reductions in water availability, and changes in the prices of the products obtained from irrigated crops.Lacking observations of alternative irrigation techniques, our approach captures potential technology adjustments and assesses the impact of changes in water policy and market conditions in a better way.Simulation results show that increasing water costs do not motivate adoption of DI techniques. Rather, farmers are induced to save water by switching from full irrigation to deficit irrigation when water availability is reduced or the prices of irrigated crops are increased.  相似文献   

UV protectants for Candida oleophila (strain O), a biocontrol agent of postharvest fruit diseases     

B. Raffaele  M. H. Jijakli 《Plant pathology》2011,60(2):288-295

This study investigated the influence of UV‐B radiation (280–320 nm) on survival of Candida oleophila strain O, an antagonist yeast that prevents postharvest diseases caused by Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum on apple and pear fruits. Lethal doses (LD₅₀ and LD₉₀) were, respectively, 0·89 and 1·45 Kj m^?2 for in vitro exposure and 3·06 and 5·5 Kj m^?2 for in vivo exposure. A screening test of UV‐B protectants for strain O was also evaluated under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that sodium ascorbate (0·1% and 0·01%), riboflavin (0·1%) and uric acid (0·1% and 0·01%) were the most effective and most suitable protectants. However, only riboflavin (0·1%) and uric acid (0·1%) were effective under in vivo conditions. The efficacy obtained with strain O against P. expansum, when subjected to UV‐B radiation, was 75·0% and 49·2% for pathogen concentrations of 10⁵ and 10⁶ spores mL^?1, respectively. Adding riboflavin to strain O gave a similar efficacy (64·2%). Applying strain O together with uric acid (0·1%) was less active (47·7%). Nonetheless, its efficacy when applied with the antioxidants sodium ascorbate (71·1%) or ascorbic acid (82·5%) was the greatest. Riboflavin and uric acid were the most cost‐effective protectants, and could be included in the final formulation of strain O when applied preharvest.  相似文献   

Site impact after motor-manual and mechanised thinning in Mediterranean pine plantations     

Natascia Magagnotti  Raffaele Spinelli  Olaf Güldner  Jörn Erler 《Biosystems Engineering》2012,113(2):140-147

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Differential in Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE) Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Macrophages Cell Cultures in Response to Perthamide C Treatment     

Annalisa Vilasi  Maria Chiara Monti  Alessandra Tosco  Simona De Marino  Luigi Margarucci  Raffaele Riccio  Agostino Casapullo 《Marine drugs》2013,11(4):1288-1299

Secondary metabolites contained in marine organisms disclose diverse pharmacological activities, due to their intrinsic ability to recognize bio-macromolecules, which alter their expression and modulate their function. Thus, the identification of the cellular pathways affected by marine natural products is crucial to provide important functional information concerning their mechanism of action at the molecular level. Perthamide C, a marine sponge metabolite isolated from the polar extracts of Theonella swinhoei and endowed with a broad and interesting anti-inflammatory profile, was found in a previous study to specifically interact with heat shock protein-90 and glucose regulated protein-94, also disclosing the ability to reduce cisplatin-mediated apoptosis. In this paper, we evaluated the effect of this compound on the whole proteome of murine macrophages cells by two-dimensional DIGE proteomics. Thirty-three spots were found to be altered in expression by at least 1.6-fold and 29 proteins were identified by LC ESI-Q/TOF-MS. These proteins are involved in different processes, such as metabolism, structural stability, protein folding assistance and gene expression. Among them, perthamide C modulates the expression of several chaperones implicated in the folding of proteins correlated to apoptosis, such as Hsp90 and T-complexes, and in this context our data shed more light on the cellular effects and pathways altered by this marine cyclo-peptide.  相似文献   

A survey of the skidder fleet of Central,Eastern and Southern Europe     

Spinelli  Raffaele  Magagnotti  Natascia  Visser  Rien  O’Neal  Brandon 《European Journal of Forest Research》2021,140(4):901-911

European Journal of Forest Research - As a generalization, harvested timber is extracted from forests either as trees or stems by skidders or as logs by forwarders. Coupled with harvesters,...  相似文献