Examining disadoption of gum arabic production in Sudan     

Afaf H. Rahim  Ruerd Ruben  Ekko C. van Ierland 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,73(2):115-126

Gum arabic production in Sudan has developed over the years in a well-established traditional bush-fallow system in which the gum tree (Acacia senegal) is rotated with annual crops. Following the Sahel drought, the gum area has suffered from deforestation and gum production has declined. Several programs have been developed to stimulate gum production; however, many original adopters have disadopted gum production and the bush-fallow system. In this paper we apply a logit model to study the decision-making behavior of farmers in west Sudan and to identify the socio-economic factors influencing disadoption of gum production and gum agroforestry system. Variables that measure farmer’s wealth were found significant in explaining the disadoption behavior. Off-farm work was also found to positively influence the disadoption decision. Results show that a higher level of income from annual crops decreases the probability of disadoption, which suggests that annual crops and gum production do not compete but rather complement each other within the farm household economy. Therefore, policy measures aiming to boost the production of annual crops in the region might reduce seasonal labor migration and accordingly stimulate gum production.

Afaf H. RahimEmail:

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Molecular detection of Shiga toxin–producing and antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from buffaloes in southwest of Iran     

Dehdashti  Sanaz  Ghanbarpour  Reza  Hajikolaei  Mohammad Rahim Haji 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(6):1725-1736

Tropical Animal Health and Production - Three hundred fifteen bacteriological samples were obtained from feces and both external and visceral cavity surfaces of carcasses of 105 healthy buffalo...  相似文献   

Effects of hypertonic dextrose and paraffin solution as non‐antibiotic treatments of clinical endometritis on reproductive performance of high producing dairy cows     

Mohammad Rahim Ahmadi  Meysam Makki  Abdolah Mirzaei  Hamid Reza Gheisari 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(5):762-771

The objective of this study was to compare the reproductive performance of cows affected by clinical endometritis (CE) following treatment with an intrauterine infusion of 50% dextrose solutions (DEX) and liquid paraffin (LP) as alternative therapies with routine treatments including PGF_2α injection and intrauterine infusion of oxytetracycline (OTC). Moreover, the reproductive indices of cows treated with endometritis were compared with those of healthy ones. At postpartum reproductive tract examination (28–35 DIM) in one Iranian dairy farm, cows with CE without any selection were assigned to four groups: (a) OTC, a common treatment in Iran, was administered (5 g) to 396 cows, (b) PGF₂α (PG) was injected to 496 cows, (c) dextrose solution (DEX): intrauterine infusion of 50% dextrose solution (200 ml) was done in 427 cows, and (d) liquid paraffin (LP) was administered (100 ml) to 423 cows via intrauterine route. We further assigned 2,233 clinically healthy cows to the control group. The incidence of endometritis was 41.6% in this study. Based on the results of reproductive indices including median days to first AI, days open (DO), first service conception rate, conception rate in 2nd and 3rd services, conception rate in all three services, pregnancy rate < 100 days and pregnancy rate < 200 days, except for median days to first AI in other reproductive indexes, reproductive performance was significantly lower in LP group compared with the healthy cows and other treatment groups (p < 0.05). Except for the first service conception rate and proportion of cows pregnant before 100 days in milk (DIM), there existed no significant difference between the DEX group and the control as far as reproductive performance is concerned (p ≥ 0.05). The first service conception rate was recognizably lower in DEX group compared with OTC and PG (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the use of a non‐antibiotic special solution of dextrose 50% is a good alternative to antibiotic agents concerning the treatment of CE in dairy cows.  相似文献   

Patterns of root respiration rates and morphological traits in 13 tree species in a tropical forest     

Makita N  Kosugi Y  Dannoura M  Takanashi S  Niiyama K  Kassim AR  Nik AR 《Tree physiology》2012,32(3):303-312

The root systems of forest trees are composed of different diameters and heterogeneous physiological traits. However, the pattern of root respiration rates from finer and coarser roots across various tropical species remains unknown. To clarify how respiration is related to the morphological traits of roots, we evaluated specific root respiration and its relationships to mean root diameter (D) of various diameter and root tissue density (RTD; root mass per unit root volume; gcm(-3)) and specific root length (SRL; root length per unit root mass; mg(-1)) of the fine roots among and within 14 trees of 13 species from a primary tropical rainforest in the Pasoh Forest Reserve in Peninsular Malaysia. Coarse root (2-269mm) respiration rates increased with decreasing D, resulting in significant relationships between root respiration and diameter across species. A model based on a radial gradient of respiration rates of coarse roots simulated the exponential decrease in respiration with diameter. The respiration rate of fine roots (<2mm) was much higher and more variable than those of larger diameter roots. For fine roots, the mean respiration rates for each species increased with decreasing D. The respiration rates of fine roots declined markedly with increasing RTD and increased with increasing SRL, which explained a significant portion of the variation in the respiration among the 14 trees from 13 species examined. Our results indicate that coarse root respiration in tree species follows a basic relationship with D across species and that most of the variation in fine root respiration among species is explained by D, RTD and SRL. We found that the relationship between root respiration and morphological traits provides a quantitative basis for separating fine roots from coarse roots and that the pattern holds across different species.  相似文献   

Teat tip reconstruction by supernumerary teat autotransplantation in cattle     

Saifzadeh S  Ardebili FF  Hobbenaghi R  Farid J 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2005,34(4):366-371

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of use of a supernumerary teat as a pedicle graft to repair experimental teat tip damage in cattle. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. ANIMALS: Mature, non-gravid hybrid cows with > or =1 supernumerary teat. METHODS: The main teat and adjacent supernumerary teat were examined for patency by ultrasound with a 8 MHz linear array transducer. The tip of the main teat was resected at the junction of cistern and canal. The supernumerary teat was partially resected semi-circumferentially at the cranial aspect of the base to maintain vascular supply and transplanted by end-to-end anastomosis. The pedicle of the supernumerary teat graft was amputated in stages starting at 14 days, again at 16 days and separated at 18 days. Reconstructed teat patency was evaluated at intervals by ultrasonography and confirmed at 50 days by histopathology. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the measurements of luminal diameter between days; significance was set at P<.05. RESULTS: All reconstructed teats were patent. Decreased luminal diameters were detected at 25, 32, 39, and 46 days by ultrasonography. On histopathology, granulation and epithelial (mucosal) proliferation contributed to luminal reduction. CONCLUSIONS: In this experimental model of an acute damage to a teat tip, supernumerary teat grafting was successfully used to restore teat anatomy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Supernumerary teat pedicle grafting may be considered as a salvage technique for reconstruction of a damaged bovine teat in cows that have an adjacent patent supernumerary teat. Function of the reconstructed teat in a lactating cow remains unknown.  相似文献   

Serogrouping of United States and some African serotypes of bluetongue virus using RT-PCR   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Aradaib IE  Mohamed ME  Abdalla TM  Sarr J  Abdalla MA  Yousof MA  Hassan YA  Karrar AR 《Veterinary microbiology》2005,111(3-4):145-150

The diagnostic potential of RT-PCR for detection of bluetongue virus (BTV) ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequence in cell culture and tissue samples from infected ruminants from United States, Sudan, South Africa and Senegal, was evaluated. The non structural protein 1 (NS1) gene of North American BTV serotype 11 was targeted for PCR amplification. The United States BTV serotypes 2, 10, 11, 13 and 17 and the Sudanese BTV serotypes 1, 2, 4 and 16 and BTV serotype 4 from South Africa and BTV serotype 2 from Senegal were studied. RNAs from all BTV field isolates used in this study, propagated in cell cultures, were detected by the described RT-PCR-based assay. The first specific 790bp BTV PCR products were amplified using a pair of outer primers (BTV1 and BTV2). Specificity of the PCR products was confirmed by a nested amplification of a 520bp PCR product using a pair of internal (nested) primers (BTV3 and BTV4). The BTV PCR products were visualized on ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels. Amplification products were not detected when the RT-PCR-based assay was applied to RNAs from closely related orbiviruses including, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) prototypes serotypes 1, 2, 4; RNA from Sudanese isolate of palyam orbiviruses serogroup and total nucleic acid extracts from uninfected Vero cells. Application of the nested BTV RT-PCR to clinical samples resulted in amplification of BTV RNA from blood and serum samples from goats experimentally infected with BTV4 and from naturally infected sheep, goats, cattle and deer. The results of this study indicated that this RT-PCR assay could be applied for rapid detection of BTV, in cell culture and clinical samples from susceptible ruminants during an outbreak of the disease, in the United States and African.  相似文献   

Leydig cell hyperplasia in an ENU-induced mutant mouse with germ cell depletion     

Khalaj M  Abbasi AR  Nishimura R  Akiyama K  Tsuji T  Noguchi J  Okuda K  Kunieda T 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2008,54(3):225-228

Repro22 is an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced mutation in mice showing depletion of both male and female germ cells. In the present study, we investigated the male phenotypes of the mutant mouse at the adult stage. The repro22/repro22 homozygous mice showed reduced body weights as well as markedly reduced testis weights. Histological examination of the testes at 4 and 10 months of age showed no germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of the affected testis while a number of Sertoli cells were observed in the tubules. In addition to the germ cell depletion, the testes of the affected mouse contained expanded intertubular spaces that were filled by Leydig cell-like interstitial cells. These interstitial cells were confirmed to be Leydig cells by immunohistochmical staining using anti-3beta-HSD antibody. The estimated number of Leydig cells in the affected testes at 10 months of age increased approximately 2 fold compared with those of normal testes. Furthermore, the plasma testosterone levels of the affected mice at 10 months of age were significantly higher than those of the normal mice. These findings indicated that the repro22/repro22 mouse developed hyperplasia of Leydig cells that was presumably caused by the absence of germ cells in the seminiferous tubules.  相似文献   

Effect of ionic liquid on thermo-physical properties of bamboo biomass     

Nawshad Muhammad  Yanan Gao  Muhammad Irfan Khan  Zakir Khan  Abdur Rahim  Farasat Iqbal  Amir Sada khan  Jibran Iqbal 《Wood Science and Technology》2015,49(5):897-913

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Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) tannin level, phytate content, and hemagglutinating activity     

N H Tan  Z H Rahim  H T Khor  K C Wong 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1983,31(4):916-917

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Multi-step ahead soil temperature forecasting at different depths based on meteorological data: Integrating resampling algorithms and machine learning models     

Khabat KHOSRAVI  Ali GOLKARIAN  Rahim BARZEGAR  Mohammad T. AALAMI  Salim HEDDAM  Ebrahim OMIDVAR  Saskia D. KEESSTRA  Manuel L&#;PEZ-VICENTE 《土壤圈》2023,33(3):479-495

Direct soil temperature (ST) measurement is time-consuming and costly;thus,the use of simple and cost-effective machine learning (ML) tools is helpful.In this study,ML approaches,including KStar,instance-based K-nearest learning (IBK),and locally weighted learning (LWL),coupled with resampling algorithms of bagging (BA) and dagging (DA)(BA-IBK,BA-KStar,BA-LWL,DA-IBK,DA-KStar,and DA-LWL) were developed and tested for multi-step ahead (3,6,and 9 d ahead) ST forecasting.In addition,a linear regress...  相似文献