QTL mapping of pearl millet rust resistance using an integrated DArT- and SSR-based linkage map     

Supriya Ambawat  Senapathy Senthilvel  Charles T. Hash  Thirunavukkarasu Nepolean  Vengaldas Rajaram  Kankanti Eshwar  Rajan Sharma  Ram P. Thakur  Veeranki P. Rao  Ram C. Yadav  Rakesh K. Srivastava 《Euphytica》2016,209(2):461-476

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Protective effect of melatonin administration on abamectin-induced immunotoxicity in Spodoptera litura (Insecta: Lepidoptera)     

Govindaraj Vengateswari  Subramanian Panchuravindra Rajan Subala 《国际虫害防治杂志》2018,64(4):333-344

In vertebrates, many studies verified the immunomodulatory effect of melatonin in various tissues. Its exact role in lower organisms like insects has been very sketchy. The present study deals with understanding the immunomodulatory effect of melatonin in pesticide exposed insects. Total hemocyte count, Differential hemocyte count, Prophenoloxidase activity, and nodulation mechanism at different time intervals were studied. Results showed the abamectin results in significant increase (p < 0.01) in haemocytes numbers at 6, 48, and 72 h. Abamectin toxicity was counteracted by melatonin, with decreasing the hemocytes at 2, 4, and 12 h. Prophenoloxidase activity and protein content (p < 0.001) at 48 and 72 h of Melatonin + abamectin were slightly decreased. There was a significant decrease in nodule formation in 12–24 h in melatonin treated groups and it was clearly visible at 6 h. Increased Prohemocytes, Plasmatocytes, and Oenocytoids numbers decline in melatonin treatment. Melatonin treatment increased the survival rate on pesticide exposed insects. Results suggest that melatonin exposure significantly reduces the toxicity in pesticide exposed larvae which in turn brings back immunological profile in a time dependent manner.  相似文献   

Improving dryland cropping system nitrogen balance with no‐tillage and nitrogen fertilization     

Upendra M. Sainju  Rajan Ghimire  Gautam P. Pradhan 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2019,182(3):374-384

Studies on N balance due to N inputs and outputs and soil N retention to measure cropping system performance and environmental sustainability are limited due to the complexity of measurements of some parameters. We measured N balance based on N inputs and outputs and soil N retention under dryland agroecosystem affected by cropping system and N fertilization from 2006 to 2011 in the northern Great Plains, USA. Cropping systems were conventional tillage barley (Hordeum vulgaris L.)–fallow (CTB‐F), no‐tillage barley–fallow (NTB‐F), no‐tillage barley–pea (Pisum sativum L.) (NTB‐P), and no‐tillage continuous barley (NTCB). In these cropping systems, N was applied to barley at four rates (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg N ha^?1), but not to pea and fallow. Total N input due to N fertilization, pea N fixation, soil N mineralization, atmospheric N deposition, nonsymbiotic N fixation, and crop seed N and total N output due to grain N removal, denitrification, volatilization, N leaching, gaseous N (NO_x) emissions, surface runoff, and plant senescence were 28–37% greater with NTB‐P and NTCB than CTB‐F and NTB‐F. Total N input and output also increased with increased N rate. Nitrogen accumulation rate at the 0–120 cm soil depth ranged from –32 kg N ha^?1 y^?1 for CTB‐F to 40 kg N ha^?1 y^?1 for NTB‐P and from –22 kg N ha^?1 y^?1 for N rates of 0 kg N ha^?1 to 45 kg N ha^?1 y^?1 for 120 kg N ha^?1. Nitrogen balance ranged from 1 kg N ha^?1 y^?1 for NTB‐P to 74 kg N ha^?1 y^?1 for CTB‐F. Because of increased grain N removal but reduced N loss to the environment and N fertilizer requirement as well as efficient N cycling, NTB‐P with 40 kg N ha^?1 may enhance agronomic performance and environmental sustainability while reducing N inputs compared to other management practices.  相似文献   

Studies on the fertility of autotetraploids of Brassica campestris var. Toria     

N. Parthasarathy  S. S. Rajan 《Euphytica》1953,2(1):25-36

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Technique for visual demonstration of germinating arbuscular mycorrhizal spores and their multiplication in pots     

Jitendra Panwar  Jagadish C. Tarafdar  Ranjeet S. Yadav  Vinod K. Saini  Gajendra K. Aseri  Anil Vyas 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2007,170(5):659-663

We describe a simple technique for the germination of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM)–fungal spores and their multiplication in pots. Glomus fasciculatum, G. mosseae, and Gigaspora margarita were used. A single wheat seedling was tied to a glass slide, previously covered with filter paper with the help of thread. One single surface‐sterilized AM‐fungal spore was placed on the middle portion of the root of the wheat seedling using a sterilized syringe. The slide was placed vertically in a 100 mL glass beaker filled with 25 mL of root exudates–water (1:4, v/v) solution, which was collected by growing twenty wheat seedlings in a 150 mL beaker filled with 100 mL sterilized distilled water for 7 d. The slide was observed daily using a compound microscope to follow the time course of germination. In this technique, the spore is directly in contact with the host root, and a visualization of spore germination, hyphal development, and appressorium formation is possible without disrupting fungal growth or the establishment of the symbiosis. The method allows to document the germination events and to assess hyphal‐elongation rates by photographing the same spore on consecutive days. The inoculated seedling was used to initiate single‐spore multiplication in a sterilized (autoclave on 3 alternate days at 120°C for 120 min at 1.05 kg cm^–2 pressure) potted sandy soil (150 mL volume) into which the slide with the inoculated seedling was inserted carefully through a previously made slit. The wheat seedlings in all pots (4 treatments and 15 replications) became colonized by mycorrhiza, confirming that the establishment of the AM‐fungal symbiosis is highly reproducible. Our technique permits the relatively undisturbed growth of the symbiotic partners, the visualization of germinating AM‐fungal spores, and their multiplication in pots. This simple and low‐cost method facilitates the production of pure lines of AM fungi from single spores, allowing for the study of intraspecific variation and potentiality for cytological, biochemical, physiological, and taxonomical studies.  相似文献   

Spatial learning associated with stimulus response in goldfish Carassius auratus: relationship to activation of CREB signalling     

Koilmani Emmanuvel Rajan  Subramanian Thangaleela  Chellam Balasundaram 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2015,41(3):685-694

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Getting to grips with the magnitude of exploitation: Bushmeat in the Cross-Sanaga rivers region, Nigeria and Cameroon     

John E. Fa  Sarah Seymour  Rajan Amin  David Macdonald 《Biological conservation》2006,129(4):497-510

Wild meat harvests in African moist forests are presumed to exceed production, even in the case of traditional societies still using rudimentary hunting methods. Though some approximations do exist of the volume of bushmeat harvested in some Central African moist forest areas, estimates based on extensive and simultaneous sampling, within a large geographical region, are not available. Here, we present the results of the first reported study of this kind. During a period of 5 month, we counted bushmeat carcasses deposited in 89 urban and rural markets in a 35,000 km² area between the Cross River in Nigeria and the Sanaga River in Cameroon. We used these data to calculate annual bushmeat volume traded by site, species and overall in the study area.Mammals represented >90% of the bushmeat carcasses sold in all sites. Reptiles were also abundant, but birds and amphibians were relatively scarce. Estimates of carcasses extracted and crude biomass per site varied significantly between countries. In Nigeria, biomass (kg) extracted for sale per km² per year, was three times greater (600 kg/km²) than in Cameroon. Conservative estimates for the entire study area indicate that >900,000 reptiles, birds and mammals are sold each year by the rural and urban population, corresponding to around 12,000 tonnes of terrestrial vertebrates. We also assessed the relationship between bushmeat harvested for sale and distance of the study settlements from the main protected areas (Cross River and Korup National Parks). The number of carcasses and biomass sold was negatively related to the proximity to the national parks in >50% of species in Nigeria, and in 40% of species in Cameroon.Our cross-site comparison documents the staggering volume of wild species affected by hunting in the region. We also conclude that species within the main protected areas in both countries are likely to be negatively affected by the current and future demand for bushmeat in the surrounding areas.  相似文献   

A rapid method for assessment of plant residue quality     

Praveen‐Kumar  Jagadish C. Tarafdar  Jitendra Panwar  Shyam Kathju 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2003,166(5):662-666

A simple, reproducible and new method (modified dehydrogenase activity measurement after 72 h; DHA 72) was developed to assess plant residue quality for decomposition. The method resulted in similar assessments of residue quality than measurements of the C:N ratio, lignin:N ratio, and lignin and polyphenol concentration (PRQI). Among 25 plant residues tested, there was a large variation of DHA 72 as found in other well‐established methods. Based on cluster analysis, plant residues were grouped in four different classes; highly decomposable, moderately decomposable, slowly decomposable, and least decomposable. It is concluded that DHA 72 can very well be used to screen plant residues for residue quality judgment. The proposed method is very simple and easy to handle.  相似文献   

Estimation of potential recharge through direct seeded and transplanted rice fields in semi-arid regions of Punjab using HYDRUS-1D     

Gulati  Dinesh  Satpute  Sanjay  Kaur  Samanpreet  Aggarwal  Rajan 《Paddy and Water Environment》2022,20(1):79-92

Paddy and Water Environment - The present study utilizes soil water balance and HYDRUS-1D for estimating and predicting potential recharge in groundwater declining region of central Punjab,...  相似文献   

Virus-like particles in tumors of the mucosa of the ethmoid in Indian cattle     

M K Nair  S Sulochana  A Rajan  T Sreekumaran  C Rehbinder  L Karlsson 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1981,22(1):143-145

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