Effect of Metoclopramide on the Incidence of Early Postoperative Aspiration Pneumonia in Dogs with Acquired Idiopathic Laryngeal Paralysis          下载免费PDF全文

Milan Milovancev  Katy Townsend  Jason Spina  Connie Hurley  S. Christopher Ralphs  Brian Trumpatori  Bernard Seguin  Kieri Jermyn 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2016,45(5):577-581

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Solutions to Locoweed Poisoning in New Mexico and the Western United States: Collaborative research between New Mexico State University and the USDA–Agricultural Research Service Poisonous Plant Lab     

David Graham  Rebecca Creamer  Daniel Cook  Bryan Stegelmeier  Kevin Welch  Jim Pfister  Kip Panter  Andres Cibils  Michael Ralphs  Manny Encinias  Kirk McDaniel  David Thompson  Kevin Gardner 《Herpetological Monographs》2009,31(6):3-8

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Photopolymerization and Mass-Independent Sulfur Isotope Fractionations in Carbon Disulfide     

JJ Colman  X Xu  MH Thiemens  WC Trogler 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,273(5276):774-776

Irradiation of gaseous carbon disulfide [CS2(g)] at 313 nanometers produces a dark brown aerosol of (CS2)x. Its thermal decomposition products include disulfur (S2), carbon monosulfide (CS), and (CS)x. The photopolymerization process is accompanied by a large mass-independent isotopic fractionation of sulfur (a 5 to 10 per mil sulfur-33 excess and a 61 to 84 per mil sulfur-36 deficit). Excess sulfur-33 has been observed in several classes of meteorites. Photochemical production of (CS2)x may be important in the origin and evolution of cosmochemical environments such as the presolar nebula, meteorites, asteroids, and planetary atmospheres.  相似文献   

Plant-animal interactions in larkspur poisoning in cattle     

M H Ralphs  J D Olsen  J A Pfister  G D Manners 《Journal of animal science》1988,66(9):2334-2342

Larkspur (Delphinium spp.) toxicity in cattle seriously impedes the efficient use of productive mountain rangelands. Larkspurs contain complex diterpenoid alkaloids that cause acute intoxication and death from respiratory paralysis. Alkaloids and their concentrations vary among larkspur species, plant parts and phenological growth stages, thus causing great variability in toxicity. Ingestion rate of larkspur by the cow, alkaloid toxicity and concentration in the plant and the kinetics of absorption and excretion interact to determine whether a cow is poisoned. Plant and animal factors influencing consumption and subsequent intoxication must be further elucidated to devise management strategies to reduce liverstock losses.  相似文献   

Homology modelling of Drosophila cytochrome P450 enzymes associated with insecticide resistance     

Robert T Jones  Saskia E Bakker  Deborah Stone  Sally N Shuttleworth  Sam Boundy  Caroline McCart  Phillip J Daborn  Richard H ffrench‐Constant  Jean MH van den Elsen 《Pest management science》2010,66(10):1106-1115

BACKGROUND: Overexpression of the cytochrome P450 gene Cyp6g1 confers resistance against DDT and a broad range of other insecticides in Drosophila melanogaster Meig. In the absence of crystal structures of CYP6G1 or complexes with its substrates, structural studies rely on homology modelling and ligand docking to understand P450–substrate interactions. RESULTS: Homology models are presented for CYP6G1, a P450 associated with resistance to DDT and neonicotinoids, and two other enzymes associated with insecticide resistance in D. melanogaster, CYP12D1 and CYP6A2. The models are based on a template of the X‐ray structure of the phylogenetically related human CYP3A4, which is known for its broad substrate specificity. The model of CYP6G1 has a much smaller active site cavity than the template. The cavity is also ‘V’‐shaped and is lined with hydrophobic residues, showing high shape and chemical complementarity with the molecular characteristics of DDT. Comparison of the DDT–CYP6G1 complex and a non‐resistant CYP6A2 homology model implies that tight‐fit recognition of this insecticide is important in CYP6G1. The active site can accommodate differently shaped substrates ranging from imidacloprid to malathion but not the pyrethroids permethrin and cyfluthrin. CONCLUSION: The CYP6G1, CYP12D1 and CYP6A2 homology models can provide a structural insight into insecticide resistance in flies overexpressing P450 enzymes with broad substrate specificities. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Contribution of forest floor fractions to carbon storage and abundance patterns of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonisation in a tropical montane forest     

V Jeyanny  MH Ahmad Husni  B Siva Kumar  K Wan Rasidah  WC Suhaimi 《Southern Forests》2016,78(4):315-319

Forest floor carbon stocks, which include different components of litter, hemic and sapric materials, have not been empirically quantified in tropical montane forest, although they influence soil carbon (C) pools. To date, the contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizae in C sequestration potentials in tropical montane forests have not been clearly investigated. This study determined the amount of C stocks in the different decomposing layers of forest floor, mainly litter, hemic and sapric materials. The abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal root colonisation differed among forest floor fractions. Forest floor was measured for depth, area density, dry mass and carbon fraction separately in Sungai Kial Forest Reserve, Pahang, Malaysia to calculate C stocks. Percentages of root colonisation in the hemic and sapric materials were investigated. The results showed that forest floor C stocks were significantly higher in hemic (5 Mg C ha^?1) and sapric (7.7 Mg C ha^?1) compared with the litter fragments (1.5 Mg C ha^?1). Mycorrhizal root colonisation was significantly higher (75%) in the toeslope compared with the summit area in the hemic materials. Segregation of forest floor layers provided greater accuracy in forest floor C stocks reporting.  相似文献   

Locoweed (Oxytropis sericea)-induced lesions in mule deer (Odocoileius hemionus)     

Stegelmeier BL  James LF  Gardner DR  Panter KE  Lee ST  Ralphs MH  Pfister JA  Spraker TR 《Veterinary pathology》2005,42(5):566-578

Locoweed poisoning has been reported in wildlife, but it is unknown whether mule deer (Odocoileius hemionus) are susceptible. In areas that are heavily infested with locoweed, deer and elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) have developed a spongiform encephalopathy, chronic wasting disease (CWD). Although these are distinct diseases, no good comparisons are available. The purpose of this study was to induce and describe chronic locoweed poisoning in deer and compare it with the lesions of CWD. Two groups of four mule deer were fed either a complete pelleted ration or a similar ration containing 15% locoweed (Oxytropis sericea). Poisoned deer lost weight and developed a scruffy, dull coat. They developed reluctance to move, and movement produced subtle intention tremors. Poisoned deer had extensive vacuolation of visceral tissues, which was most severe in the exocrine pancreas. Thyroid follicular epithelium, renal tubular epithelium, and macrophages in many tissues were mildly vacuolated. The exposed deer also had mild neuronal swelling and cytoplasmic vacuolation that was most obvious in Purkinje cells. Axonal swelling and dystrophy was found in many white tracts, but it was most severe in the cerebellar peduncles and the gracilis and cuneate fasciculi. These findings indicate that deer are susceptible to locoweed poisoning, but the lesions differ in severity and distribution from those of other species. The histologic changes of locoweed poisoning are distinct from those of CWD in deer; however, the clinical presentation of locoweed poisoning in deer is similar. Histologic and immunohistochemical studies are required for a definitive diagnosis.  相似文献   

Radius/Ulna fracture repair     

Milovancev M  Ralphs SC 《Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice》2004,19(3):128-133

Fractures of the radius and ulna are commonly encountered in the small animal population. Diaphyseal fractures are the most common location and are often repaired with the use of external fixators or a bone plate. Select patients, such as young large breed dogs, may be managed with external coaptation. Extremely proximal and distal fractures require special consideration, especially if articular involvement is present.  相似文献   

External coaptation     

Weinstein J  Ralphs SC 《Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice》2004,19(3):98-104

External coaptation includes the use of casts, splints, bandages, or slings to help stabilize fractures or luxations, reduce postoperative swelling, or help to protect wounds. Although each of these can be highly effective, it is very important to understand the various types of devices available and the indications for each. Inappropriate use of an external coaptation device can lead to unsatisfactory results.  相似文献   

Arthroscopic evaluation of menisci in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament injuries: 100 cases (1999-2000)     

Ralphs SC  Whitney WO 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2002,221(11):1601-1604

OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence of meniscal injuries by use of arthroscopic examination in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) injuries. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 94 dogs with 100 injured CCLs. PROCEDURE: Records for 94 large dogs (> 20 kg [44 lb]) with 100 naturally occurring CCL injuries that were examined arthroscopically were reviewed. Pathologic findings in the CCL (complete or partial tears), prevalence and type of meniscal injuries, and periarticular osteophytes were recorded. RESULTS: 77% of joints had tears of the lateral meniscus; most were a series of small radial tears of the cranial horn. Fifty-eight percent of joints had tears of the medial meniscus. Positive correlation between complete tears of the CCL and medial meniscal damage was found. No significant relationships were detected between periarticular osteophyte formation and meniscal injury, medial and lateral meniscal injury, or degree of CCL tear and lateral meniscal injury. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: There is a strong association between CCL injury and lateral and medial meniscal injuries in dogs. Clinical importance of lateral meniscal lesions is not known; a much higher percentage of dogs had such injuries than has been reported previously, possibly because of use of arthroscopy.  相似文献