脲胺氮肥对太湖地区稻田氨挥发及氮肥利用率的影响   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11  

敖玉琴  田玉华  尹斌  张维  李晓  葛仁山  朱兆良 《土壤》2016,48(2):248-253

采用田间小区试验,以普通尿素和氯化铵为对照,研究脲胺氮肥对太湖地区稻田氨挥发及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明:氮肥施入后,氨挥发损失主要发生在施肥后5~7天内,氨挥发损失量与田面水NH4+-N浓度呈线性正相关关系。不同氮肥的氨挥发损失差异显著(P0.05),脲胺氮肥的氨挥发损失分别比普通尿素和氯化铵减少了2.71和6.41 kg/hm2,并且该氮肥对水稻有增产的趋势,氮肥利用率分别比普通尿素和氯化铵显著提高了10.43%和10.64%。此外,综合考虑经济和环境效益,该氮肥净收益高于尿素和氯化铵。因此,脲胺氮肥值得在太湖地区推广。  相似文献   

Adaptive strategies of Pontoscolex corethrurus (Glossoscolecidae,Oligochaeta), a peregrine geophagous earthworm of the humid tropics     

P. Lavelle  I. Barois  I. Cruz  C. Fragoso  A. Hernandez  A. Pineda  P. Rangel 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1987,5(3):188-194

Summary Pontoscolex corethrurus is a medium-sized geophagous earthworm species which has invaded most cultivated land in the humid tropics. It is generally found in gardens, cropland and fallowland, where it has been introduced accidentally by man. The species has quite narrow microclimatic requirements. Reproduction only occurs at 23°–27°C, and the worms are fully active only where soil moisture is well above field capacity (pF 2.5). This limitation is balanced by the ability to live in a great Variety of soils differing in pH, organic matter content and texture. The demographic profile is typically of the r type, which gives populations a colonization capacity greater than that of comparable native species. This can be explained by the limited size of individuals and the great efficiency of their mutualist digestion system, in association with the free soil microflora. As a result, growth is fast and a great amount of energy may be invested in reproduction, which is made even more efficient by parthenogenesis.  相似文献   

不同施氮量对免耕/翻耕移栽稻生长及产量形成的影响   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7  

冯跃华  邹应斌  敖和军  王淑红 《作物研究》2004,18(3):145-150

为探讨免耕移栽稻的氮肥管理措施和比较不同耕作方式下移栽稻的生长规律,研究了不同施氮量处理对免耕/翻耕移栽稻生长及产量形成的影响.结果表明,无论翻耕或免耕,增施氮肥可以促进分蘖的发生和叶面积的扩展;在水稻各生育时期,随着氮肥用量的增加,干物质的积累量有增加的趋势,每穗粒数和收获指数逐渐减少;水稻总吸氮量和实际产量逐渐增加,而氮肥吸收利用率、生理利用率和农学利用率及偏生产能力逐渐减小.翻耕移栽稻的分蘖能力、有效穗数和吸氮量显著高于免耕移栽稻,但翻耕和免耕对水稻产量及其构成因素的影响差异不显著,免耕移栽稻的氮肥生理利用率显著高于翻耕移栽稻.  相似文献   

杂交油菜免耕直播栽培技术研究初报   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

敖和军  周桂清  邹应斌 《作物研究》2004,18(3):171-172

初步研究了油菜免耕直播栽培的播种量、播种方式及施肥量,认为油菜免耕直播栽培的适宜播种量为3.75 kg/hm2,施肥量为750～900kg/hm2缓释包膜肥,播种方式为撒播.  相似文献   

不同薄膜自发气调包装对西兰花的保鲜效果   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

敖 静张昭其  黄雪梅 《广东农业科学》2015,42(2):77-81

为探讨适合西兰花的自发气调包装材料,用0.02 mm的双向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)、聚丙烯(PP)和聚乙烯(PE)薄膜对西兰花进行自发气调包装,5℃下贮藏30d。结果表明,3种自发气调包装处理不同程度地改善西兰花的保鲜效果。其中,BOPP包装的保鲜效果最好,贮藏30d仍有较高的质量属性和外观属性,叶绿素、维生素C、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白等营养物质均保持较高的水平,同时霉变率、切口褐变率、MDA和相对电导率处于最低水平。PP包装效果次之,PE包装效果较弱。因此,BOPP适宜作为采后西兰花的自发气调包装材料。  相似文献   

龙须草叶面积测定方法的初步研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

曾晓珊  邹冬生  孙焕良  敖和军 《作物研究》2004,18(1):31-32,35

对人工栽培的不同生长时间龙须草的叶面积测定方法进行了研究.利用LI-3000叶面积仪和生产上常用的长宽法进行比较分析,求得用长宽法测量龙须草叶面积的矫正系数K=0.67,经过相关分析,认为所得K值是值得推荐的.  相似文献   

基于回归和M-K方法的盘锦气温时间序列分析     

任智勇  孙卓  王斌飞  张志国  翟晴飞  敖雪  牛琳琳  辛明月  赵一俊  赵楠 《江西农业学报》2015,(3):83-86

利用1955~2009年盘锦市大洼县气象站的地面逐日最高、最低气温资料,采用回归分析、5年滑动平均分析、Mann-Kendall分析等方法,研究了近55年盘锦市最高、最低气温序列的年、季周期变化的趋势及气温突变特征。结果表明:1955~2009年盘锦最高、最低年平均气温均呈上升趋势,99%的置信水平下,气温的倾向率分别为0.15和0.48℃/10年。最高、最低季气温变化特征:冬、春、秋季气温总体呈上升趋势,冬季最低气温季平均贡献最大;年最高平均气温的突变时间在1991年;四季最低平均气温的突变时间集中在1982~1984年,较辽宁省平均水平提前2~4年;四季最高平均气温变化较无规律。  相似文献   

Effect of the number of intercrosses on grain yield in basic rice synthetic populations     

Antonio Carlos Centeno Cordeiro  Antônio Alves Soares  Magno Antonio Patto Ramalho  Paulo Hideo Nakano Rangel 《Euphytica》2003,132(1):79-86

The effect of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 intercross cycles using genetic male sterility on the mean yield and genetic variability of the CNA 5 irrigated rice synthetic population was assessed studying 300 S_0:2 (1998/99) and S_0:3 (1999/00) families grown in two locations (Lambari, MG and Goianira, GO). Each intercross was investigated using a 8 × 8 triple lattice design experiment containing 60 families and four control cultivars. Five experiments were carried out per location and generation, totaling 20 experiments. Individual, combined over locations, combined over generations and combined over locations and generations analyses of variance were performed. Linear regression equations were fitted to data of each location and generation as well as, genetic and phenotypic parameters were estimated. An average increase of 3.91% in grain yield was obtained with the increase in the number of intercrosses. However, when genetic gains obtained from selection of the five and ten highest yielding families were considered, negative b estimates were always obtained, suggesting a tendency of gain increase reduction with the increase in the number of intercrosses. This was confirmed by the analysis of the means of the best families, since increases in the number of intercrosses did not result in selection of families with greater mean grain yield. The estimates of the genetic variances and heritabilities did not suggest an increase in genetic variability with the increase in intercross cycles. Therefore, carrying out intercrosses on the base population did not improve the results of the irrigated rice recurrent selection program. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Effect of recombinant interleukin-13 on 3T3 fibroblasts in vitro     

XIAO Li  AO Ran  LI Zhen-hua  HOU Xian-ming  YU Run-jiang 《园艺学报》2005,21(8):1579-1583

AIM: To investigate the influence and mechanism of recombinant interleukin-13 (rIL-13) on fibroblasts. METHODS: 3T3 fibroblasts were divided into two groups: the treated group was treated with rIL-13 (80 μg/L, 24 h or 48 h) and the control was without rIL-13 treatment. Transmission electron microscope and Hoechst kit were used to observe morphology of 3T3 fibroblasts in both groups. The activity of proliferation in both groups was investigated and compared by MTT means. Western blot was used to analyze the level of collagen type I induced by rIL-13 in fibroblasts. The levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in the culture supernatants were determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: The more ribosomes and mitochondrions, as well as bigger nuclei were found in the treated group. The production of IL-6 and IL-8, and proliferation ratio of fibroblasts treated with rIL-13 for 24 h or 48 h were increased obviously, compared with the control (P<0.01). The expression of collagen type I protein in treated groups was also significantly higher than that in control (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: rIL-13 upregulates the proliferation of fibroblasts. rIL-13 also has an effect on the production of proinflammatory factors and collagen type I. Taken together, these results suggest that IL-13 may play important roles in the pathogenesis of tissue fibrosis.  相似文献   

Contents of carboxylic acids and two phenolics and antioxidant activity of dried portuguese wild edible mushrooms     

Ribeiro B  Rangel J  Valentão P  Baptista P  Seabra RM  Andrade PB 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(22):8530-8537

The organic acids and phenolics compositions of nine wild edible mushrooms species (Suillus bellini, Tricholomopsis rutilans, Hygrophorus agathosmus, Amanita rubescens, Russula cyanoxantha, Boletus edulis, Tricholoma equestre, Suillus luteus, and Suillus granulatus) were determined by HPLC-UV and HPLC-DAD, respectively. The antioxidant potential of these species was also assessed by using the DPPH* scavenging assay. The results showed that all of the species presented a profile composed of at least five organic acids: oxalic, citric, malic, quinic, and fumaric acids. In a general way, the pair of malic plus quinic acids were the major compounds. Only very small amounts of two phenolic compounds were found in some of the analyzed species: p-hydroxybenzoic acid (in A. rubescens, R. cyanoxantha, and T. equestre) and quercetin (in S. luteus and S. granulatus). All of the species exhibited a concentration-dependent scavenging ability against DPPH*. T. rutilans revealed the highest antioxidant capacity.  相似文献