A laboratory study on the activity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Steinernema feltiae</Emphasis> (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) Rioja strain against horticultural insect pests     

Raquel Campos-Herrera  Carmen Gutiérrez 《Journal of pest science》2009,82(3):305-309

The potential of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) Rioja strain was assessed under laboratory conditions. Last instar larvae of Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleptera: Chrysomelidae), Spodoptera littoralis Boisdouval (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Trichoplusia ni Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were exposed to infective juveniles (IJs) under laboratory conditions. Larval mortality, days to larval death, infection cycle length, and reproductive potential were recorded. Efficacy was assessed performing dose–response experiments. The results indicate that control of L. decemlineata with S. feltiae Rioja strain is not economically profitable (LC₅₀ = 99.61 IJs/cm²), whereas results obtained for T. ni (LC₅₀ = 0.27 IJs/cm²) are promising. Due to the life cycle of this insect, the efficacy needs to be investigated in foliar application studies. The effects on S. littoralis (LC₅₀ = 0.69 IJs/cm²) was considered the most suitable for development of the Rioja strain as a biocontrol agent for soil application.  相似文献   

Wettability influences cell behavior on superhydrophobic surfaces with different topographies     

BN Lourenço  G Marchioli  W Song  RL Reis  CA van Blitterswijk  M Karperien  A van Apeldoorn  JF Mano 《Biointerphases》2012,7(1-4):46

Surface wettability and topography are recognized as critical factors influencing cell behavior on biomaterials. So far only few works have reported cell responses on surfaces exhibiting extreme wettability in combination with surface topography. The goal of this work is to study whether cell behavior on superhydrophobic surfaces is influenced by surface topography and polymer type. Biomimetic superhydrophobic rough surfaces of polystyrene and poly(L-lactic acid) with different micro/nanotopographies were obtained from smooth surfaces using a simple phase-separation based method. Total protein was quantified and showed a less adsorption of bovine serum albumin onto rough surfaces as compared to smooth surfaces of the same material. The mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell line and primary bovine articular chondrocytes were used to study cell attachment and proliferation. Cells attached and proliferate better in the smooth surfaces. The superhydrophobic surfaces allowed cells to adhere but inhibited their proliferation. This study indicates that surface wettability, rather than polymer type or the topography of the superhydrophobic surfaces, is a critical factor in determining cell behavior.  相似文献   

Efficacy of five selected acaricides against Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and their side effects on relevant natural enemies occurring in citrus orchards     

Urbaneja A  Pascual-Ruiz S  Pina T  Abad-Moyano R  Vanaclocha P  Montón H  Dembilio O  Castañera P  Jacas JA 《Pest management science》2008,64(8):834-842

BACKGROUND: Three groups of natural enemies are fundamental in citrus IPM in Spain: coccinellid and phytoseiid predators and hymenopteran parasitoids. Tetranychus urticae Koch is an important pest affecting citrus, for which biological control has not yet been achieved; therefore, acaricides are commonly used to control it. The goal of this study was to measure the efficacy of different acaricides on this mite and their side effects on three natural enemies relevant for citrus (Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant, Neoseiulus californicus McGregor and Aphidius colemani Viereck).RESULTS: Some products proved highly effective against T. urticae and harmless to A. colemani (mineral oil, tebufenpyrad, clofentezine and fenazaquin). However, almost all products tested were slightly harmful for both the predators considered. Fenazaquin was even moderately harmful for N. californicus. CONCLUSION: Further studies, like that presented here, are necessary to gain a better understanding of integrating biological and chemical controls. When considering both efficacy and side effects on beneficial arthropods, the best options would seem to be mineral oil, tebufenpyrad and clofentezine. However, it is urgent to complete testing of the side effects of the acaricides used in citrus. This question is crucial if the fact that two recently introduced Tetranychidae are being controlled in citrus by chemical means exclusively is considered.  相似文献   

Crop losses due to olive moth mediated by ethylene     

Ramos P  Rosales R  Sabouni I  Garrido D  Ramos JM 《Pest management science》2008,64(7):720-724

BACKGROUND:Studies for nine years in southern Spain on the olive moth, Prays oleae Bern., have tested the possibility of altering oviposition behaviour on newly formed olive fruits by means of a single ethylene application. RESULTS: A single spraying of ethylene on the olive trees at the beginning of fruiting significantly decreased the olive moth egg populations and consequent the olive fruit fall. At the same time, no negative effect was found in the activity of natural oophagous predators of the olive moth. CONCLUSIONS: The ethylene treatments against P. oleae yielded substantial economical benefits each year (a mean of euro526 ha(-1)), benefits that fluctuated depending on the olive crop and on the annual fruit fall caused by this major pest.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Magnetic Coagulant (α-Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>-MO) and its Reuse in Textile Wastewater Treatment     

Tássia Rhuna Tonial dos Santos  Gustavo Affonso Pisano Mateus  Marcela Fernandes Silva  Carolina Sayury Miyashiro  Leticia Nishi  Murilo Barbosa de Andrade  Márcia Regina Fagundes-Klen  Raquel Guttieres Gomes  Rosângela Bergamasco 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2018,229(3):92

The textile industries are characterized as one of the biggest consumers of potable water and chemical products throughout its process, being responsible for the elevated wastewater generation with intense coloration and wide polluting potential. In this context, the present study proposes the development and application of a new coagulant material for textile wastewater treatment. The proposed coagulant (α-Fe₂O₃-MO) was composed by hematite nanoparticles (α-Fe₂O₃) obtained by a simple non-pollutant methodology, associated with Moringa oleifera (MO) seeds saline extract compounds. Coagulation/flocculation (CF) efficiency was evaluated by removal of physicochemical parameters such as apparent color, turbidity, and compounds with absorption at UV_254nm (UV_254nm) through CF tests carried out on Jar test equipment and sedimentation carried out in the presence and absence of external magnetic field (600 k Am^?1). Kinetics sedimentation was from 0 to 90 min. The use of this new coagulant allowed the removal of 92.37% for apparent color, 91.43% for turbidity, and 46.09% for UV_254nm, indicating that the proposed coagulant association was efficient in the treatment of this type of wastewater under external magnetic field with only 10 min of sedimentation. In addition, the resulting sludge from CF process was tested as base material for a new coagulant synthesis, demonstrating great reuse potential. Therefore, the new proposed coagulant, composed of α-Fe₂O₃ and the compounds present in the seed extract of MO, has applicability for textile wastewater treatment demonstrating high removal rate for all evaluated parameters with cost reduction in the proposed treatment for this wastewater.  相似文献   

Hemodynamic evaluation of the right portal vein in healthy dogs of different body weights     

Raquel Sartor  Maria J Mamprim  Regina F Takahira  Mariana F de Almeida 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2010,52(1):36

Background

Doppler ultrasonography is an important tool for evaluating hepatic portal hemodynamics. However, no study in dogs of different body weights, in the range encountered in routine clinical veterinary practice, has been reported. It can be difficult to obtain an ideal insonation angle when evaluating the main portal vein, so evaluation of the right portal vein branch has been described in humans as an alternative. The aim of this study was to analyze, through Doppler ultrasonography, the hemodynamics in the right portal vein branch in dogs of different body weights.

Methods

Thirty normal dogs were divided in three groups by weight, in order to establish normal values for mean velocity, flow volume and portal congestion index of the right portal vein branch by means of Doppler ultrasonography.

Results

In all dogs ideal insonation angles were obtained for the right portal vein branch. The average velocity was similar in the three groups, but the portal congestion index and the flow volume differed, showing that the weight of the dog can influence these values.

Conclusion

Doppler ultrasonography for the evaluation of flow in the right branch of the portal vein could be a viable alternative, or complement, to examining the main vessel segment. This is especially so in those animals in which an ideal insonation angle for examination of the main portal vein is hard to obtain. In addition, the weight of the dog must be considered for the correct evaluation of the portal system hemodynamics, particularly for portal blood flow and the congestion index.  相似文献   

Plasma protein electrophoresis of Trachemys scripta and Iguana iguana     

Mercè Giménez  Yolanda Saco  Raquel Pato  Alex Busquets  Jaime M. Martorell  Anna Bassols 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2010,39(2):227-235

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Early acute depletion of lymphocytes in calicivirus-infected adult rabbits     

Raquel M. Marques  António Costa-e-Silva  Artur P. Águas  Luzia Teixeira  Paula G. Ferreira 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(8):659-668

Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease (RHD) is a lethal infection caused by calicivirus that kills 90% of the infected adult rabbits within 3 days. The calicivirus replicates in the liver and causes a fulminant hepatitis. Most studies on the pathology of RHD have been focused on the fulminant liver disease. This may not be the only mechanism in the pathogenesis of RHD: calicivirus infection may also induce leukopenia in the infected adult rabbits. We show now by flow cytometry analysis that the calicivirus induces an early decrease in B and T cells, in both spleen and liver. The depletion of B and T cells was associated with apoptosis labelled by annexin V. These changes occurred in rabbits before they showed enzymatic evidence of liver damage and persisted after liver transaminase values were very high. We conclude that depletion of lymphocytes caused by the calicivirus infection precedes or attends liver damage. The relative contribution of this lymphocyte depletion for the pathogenesis of the fatal calicivirus infection of rabbits remains to be investigated.  相似文献   

Furuncular myiasis caused by the human bot-fly Dermatobia hominis in a domestic cat from Brazil     

Guilherme G. Verocai  Julio I. Fernandes  Thais R. Correia  Clarissa P. de Souza  Raquel M.P.S. Melo  Fabio B. Scott 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2010,12(6):491-493

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Genetic regulation of root traits for soil flooding tolerance in genus Zea     

Yoshiro Mano  Mikio Nakazono 《Breeding Science》2021,71(1):30

Flooding stress caused by excessive precipitation and poor drainage threatens upland crop production and food sustainability, so new upland crop cultivars are needed with greater tolerance to soil flooding (waterlogging). So far, however, there have been no reports of highly flooding-tolerant upland crop cultivars, including maize, because of the lack of flooding-tolerant germplasm and the presence of a large number of traits affecting flooding tolerance. To achieve the goal of breeding flooding-tolerant maize cultivars by overcoming these difficulties, we chose highly flooding-tolerant teosinte germplasm. These flooding-tolerance-related traits were separately assessed by establishing a method for the accurate evaluation of each one, followed by performing quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses for each trait using maize × teosinte mapping populations, developing introgression lines (ILs) or near-isogenic lines (NILs) containing QTLs and pyramiding useful traits. We have identified QTLs for flooding-tolerance-related root traits, including the capacity to form aerenchyma, formation of radial oxygen loss barriers, tolerance to flooded reducing soil conditions, flooding-induced adventitious root formation and shallow root angle. In addition, we have developed several ILs and NILs with flooding-tolerance-related QTLs and are currently developing pyramided lines. These lines should be valuable for practical maize breeding programs focused on flooding tolerance.  相似文献