The influence of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 pufa) on lactobacilli adhesion to the intestinal mucosa and on immunity in gnotobiotic piglets     

Bomba A  Nemcová R  Gancarcíková S  Herich R  Pistl J  Révajová V  Jonecová Z  Bugarský A  Levkut M  Kasteĺ R  Baran M  Lazar G  Hluchý M  Marsálková S  Posivák J 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2003,116(7-8):312-316

The effect of application of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFA) on intestinal colonization by Lactobacillus paracasei and on cellular immunity has been investigated in gnotobiotic pigs. The administration of polyunsaturated fatty acids positively affected the adhesion of Lactobacillus paracasei to the jejunal mucosa of gnotobiotic piglets. When compared to the control group, the number of Lactobacillus paracasei adhering to the jejunal mucosa was by 12% higher in piglets of the experimental group (5.10 log 10/cm2 vs. 4.55 log 10/cm2). The respective counts of Lactobacillus paracasei adhering to the ileal and colonic mucosa of 28 day old gnotobiotic piglets reached 4.45 and 5.05 log 10/cm2 in group C and 4.44 and 4.95 log 10/cm2 in group E. Omega-3 PUFA supplementation increased the phagocytic activity of neutrophils by almost 100% on day 28 of life as well as the subpopulations of lymphocytes (CD8) in the peripheral blood of germ-free piglets on day 21 of life. Our results indicate that the action of probiotics in the gut may be modulated by dietary PUFA. The stimulatory effect of PUFA upon adhesion of lactobacilli could be used for enhancing the effectiveness of probiotics in inhibiting digestive tract pathogens.  相似文献   

Lipopolysaccharide induces inflammatory cytokines in the pig amnion   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Trebichavský I  Splíchal I  Zahradnícková M  Splíchalová A  Mori Y 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2002,87(1-2):11-18

Inflammatory mediators that are induced by gram-negative bacteria in the course of intrauterine infections threaten successful pregnancy. To compare the effect of two different routes of cytokine induction, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered in vivo either into the cord vein or into the amniotic cavity of pig fetuses in the second half of gestation for 20 h and cytokines were detected in the amnion.Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were induced in the amniotic epithelium after intra-amniotic but not after intra-venous administration of LPS. The presence of IL-8 was confirmed by RT-PCR. In contrast, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) was expressed constitutively and was found in all samples of the amniotic epithelium.Amniotic fluid contained only minute levels of TNF-alpha. IL-8 levels in amniotic fluid increased after the treatment with LPS and the highest IL-8 levels were found in dead LPS-treated fetuses.  相似文献   

Die GallmückeContarinia baeri (Prell) - ein Schädling der Weibkiefer (Pinus silvestris L.)kiefer (Pinus silvestris L.)     

Václav Skuhravý 《Journal of pest science》1971,44(4):49-56

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

On the differences betweenThecodiplosis brachyntera Schwäg. andThecodiplosis japonensis Uch. et in. (Diptera,Cecidomyiidae) on the genusPinus     

Dr. V. Skuhravý 《Journal of pest science》1994,67(7):156-161

The main differences betweenThecodiplosis brachyntera (Schwägrichen) andT. japonensis Uchida et Inouye in morphology, bionomics, host plants, ecology, population dynamics, distribution, parasites, economic importance and control methods are given in this paper. The area ofT. b. onPinus sylvestris is more than 10 times larger than that ofP. j. onP. densiflora andP. thunbergii. The flight period of adults and the length of the first instar larvae ofT. b. is about 4 times shorter than those ofT. j. Both species can be transferred (infestation) to otherPinus spp. Death ofPinus trees attacked byT. b. was never observed in Europe. The influence of air pollution may change this situation.T. japonensis caused death ofPinus trees. Thousands of hectares of forests had to be felled. Parasites and predators are important in controlling the population densities of both species, but in practice biological control was only used againstT. j. Studies of chemical contents of needles and larvae produced interesting data on both species.T. brachyntera has been studied for 150 years andT. japonensis for 50 years.  相似文献   

Studium der Tierwelt der Bodenoberfläche     

V. Skuhravý 《Journal of pest science》1958,31(12):180-182

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Roots under the load of heavy machinery in spruce trees   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Nadezhda Nadezhdina  Jan Čermák  Jindřich Neruda  Alois Prax  Radomír Ulrich  Valerij Nadezhdin  Jan Gašpárek  Eduard Pokorný 《European Journal of Forest Research》2006,125(2):111-128

The effects of the passage of forwarders on soil and damage to spruce root systems along an experimental trail were studied. The site was characterized by medium-textured soil of the pseudogley type under favorable moisture conditions. Due to the passages, the soil was compacted down to a depth of 20 cm, soil porosity was decreased by 5% (volume) and soil aeration was decreased by more than 5%. Substantially higher values of mechanical soil resistance occurred (estimated by penetrometric measurements) in a soil pit situated in a rut after passages. Pressure measured by sensors placed at a depth of 10 cm below the soil surface reached values ranging from 0.09 to 0.11 MPa in plots uncovered with slash and 0.03–0.07 MPa in plots covered with slash after two to four passages, and 0.06–0.07 after six to ten passages. Soil surface deformations occurred in the upper soil layers through tire impression. This resulted in the origin of ruts, whose depth and width was dependent on the type of tires, their load, surface conditions, type and texture of soil, soil moisture and number of passages. Pressure in the soil layers imposed by the tire of a given type, inflation and load changed in relation to depth, ground cover, soil properties and reinforcing components on the soil surface. Sap flow in coarse roots actually treated by a moving heavy load clearly and immediately responded with a sharp increase followed by a similar decrease (peak flow) after several minutes. On average, the flow rate decreased by about 8% after the first treatment compared to the untreated state, and remained the same after passing the peak during the second pass when the maximum load was applied. However, this decrease amounted to about 40%, when compared to the “relative zero flow” after root severing. This indicates serious local damage to the conducting system. Even when loading directly damaged rather small fractions of the total root systems, it opened tree tissues to subsequent fungal infection, whose impact could be very serious in future years. Flow in stem sections oriented in the opposite direction to the trail and the flow in stem sections and root buttresses oriented toward the trail (but where roots were not actually growing below the trail or grew deeper in the soil), neither responded to the treatment or responded insignificantly. Sap flow responded only in surface roots below trails, occurring down to a depth of about 10 cm below the original soil (litter) surface. This occurred only when a significant part of the roots (with the total projected area of treated root branches more then 500 cm²) were under the tires. This indicates the protective ability of soils and also, a possible method of artificial root protection.  相似文献   

Prof. Dr. A. Pfeffer zum 60. Geburtstage     

Dr. V. Skuhravý 《Journal of pest science》1964,37(1):10-10

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Antioxidant activity of Catalpa bignonioides     

Dvorská M  Zemlicka M  Muselík J  Karafiátová J  Suchý V 《Fitoterapia》2007,78(6):437-439

Antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts from inflorescence rachises, corollas, calyxes, leaves, valves of capsules and hypertrophied placenta of Catalpa bignonioides by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl reduction (DPPH) and tyrosine nitration inhibition induced by peroxynitrite was tested.  相似文献   

The systemic effects of juvenoids on the red firebug Pyrrhocoris apterus and on the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum with data on life table response     

Jedlicka P  Hrdý I  Kuldová J  Wimmer Z 《Pest management science》2007,63(10):1026-1035

BACKGROUND: A series of juvenoid alcohols and their glycosidic derivatives (juvenogens), synthesized at the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry in Prague, commercially used juvenoids and the natural derivatives of juvabione were evaluated for their systemic juvenilizing effect on the red firebug, Pyrrhocoris apterus L., and on the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris. A life table response experiment was designed, and demographic characteristics were computed for a cohort of A. pisum following chronic exposure to a range of concentrations of the selected trans-isomer of carbamate juvenoid 8 applied via the broad bean (Vicia faba L.) root system. RESULTS: Using the ratio of topical and per os activities, promising effects were found in two alkyl beta-D-glucopyranosides (3 and 9) and the trans-isomer of carbamate juvenoid 8 in tests on P. apterus. In A. pisum, the highest systemic activity was found in tests with the trans-isomer of carbamate juvenoid 8. The longevity, the number of offspring per female and the number of offspring per reproducing female significantly decreased with concentrations of 0.05 mg mL(-1) and higher. While the net reproductive rate R(0) and the intrinsic rate of natural increase r(m) displayed similar trends, the generation time G varied slightly between 11.6 and 12.8 days. CONCLUSION: Expected systemic activity of glycosidic juvenogens in P. apterus was not confirmed by exposure of the pea aphid on broad bean treated with aqueous solutions of the compounds. Nevertheless, the carbamate juvenoid alcohol 8 displayed a considerable juvenilizing effect on A. pisum in screening tests. Furthermore, this compound indicated a sublethal effect as the realized fecundity U(x) decreased disproportionately to the age-specific survival L(x) with increased concentration. The population parameters are compared with the data in similar demographic studies and are discussed together with the possibilities of using the compounds of this structural type in practice.  相似文献   

A survey for piroplasmids in horses and Bactrian camels in North-Eastern Mongolia     

Sloboda M  Jirků M  Lukešová D  Qablan M  Batsukh Z  Fiala I  Hořín P  Modrý D  Lukeš J 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,179(1-3):246-249

Equine piroplasmosis caused by Babesia caballi and Theileria equi is widespread in Asia. The presence of these haemozoans in Mongolia was previously confirmed in domestic as well as in reintroduced Przewalski horses in which they cause significant pathology. The data on occurrence of piroplasms from Bactrian camels in Asia is lacking. A total of 192 horses, 70 Bactrian camels, and additional 16 shepherd dogs from the Hentiy province were included in our study. No clinical signs typical for piroplasmid infection were observed during the field survey. Microscopic examination revealed the presence of T. equi in blood smears from 67% of examined horses, with camels and dogs being negative. A two step PCR approach was used to detect piroplasms in peripheral blood. In the first "catch all" PCR reaction, amplification of the 496 bp-long fragment of the SSU rRNA gene enabled the detection of Babesia and Theileria spp. Second round multiplex PCR reaction used for species discrimination allowed the amplification of T. equi- and B. caballi-specific 340 bp and 650 bp-long regions of the SSU rRNA, respectively. This assay detected T. equi in 92.7% of horses, while the infections with B. caballi and dual infections were rare. In both PCR setups, camels and dogs were negative indicating that in the studied region, these hosts do not share piroplasms with horses.  相似文献