Effects of the Administration of Lactobacilli,Maltodextrins and Fructooligosaccharides upon the Adhesion of <Emphasis Type="Italic">E. coli</Emphasis> O8:K88 to the Intestinal Mucosa and Organic Acid Levels in the Gut Contents of Piglets     

Nemcová R  Bomba A  Gancarcíková S  Reiffová K  Guba P  Koscová J  Jonecová Z  Sciranková L  Bugarský A 《Veterinary research communications》2007,31(7):791-800

The influence of the administration of Lactobacillus plantarum, maltodextrin Maldex 150 and Raftifeed IPX fructooligosaccharides on the inhibition of adhesion of E. coli O8:K88 to the mucosa of the jejunum, ileum and colon as well as on the organic acid levels was investigated in 33 conventional piglets. The counts of E. coli K88 adhering to the jejunal mucosa were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 and Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 + Raftifeed IPX groups. The counts of E. coli K88 adhering to the colonic mucosa of Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 + Raftifeed IPX and Lact. plantarum + Raftifeed IPX groups were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in Lact. plantarum and Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 animals. The acetic acid levels in the ileum and colon of the Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 + Raftifeed IPX group and Lact. plantarum + Raftifeed IPX group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the Lact. plantarum and Lact. plantarum + Maldex 150 group. The combination of Lact. plantarum, maltodextrin Maldex 150 and Raftifeed IPX proved to be the most effective one to inhibit the counts of E. coli O8:K88 adhering to the intestinal mucosa of the jejunum and colon of conventional piglets.  相似文献   

Zusammenfassende Betrachtung der Kenntnisse über die Roßkastanien-miniermotte,Cameraria ohridella Desch. & Dem. (Lep., Gracillariidae)     

V. Skuhravý 《Journal of pest science》1999,72(4):95-99

An overview of knowledge about the horse chestnut minerCameraria abridella Desch. & Dem. (Lep., Gracillariidae), a pest developing in leaf mines ofAesculus bippocastanum, spread gradually from the Ohrid-Lake (Macedonia) through Bosnia, Serbia and Croatia up to the central Europe (fig.). At present (1999) it occurs in northern Italy, Switzerland, Hungary, Czech and Slovak Republics, Austria, southern and central Germany and in southern Poland. Usually three, but up to five generations develop a year in central-European conditions.C. obridella develops also in leaf mines onAcer pseudoplatanus andA. platanoides. The parasitation is 1–8% and seems not to increase. Heavily attacked trees do not die; only rarely the dying of heavily damaged trees have been observed. Several insecticides may be used to control of this pest. The most successful was the growth-regulator Dimilin with active substance of Diflubenzurol. In the future it will be possible to control populations ofCameraria obridella by pheromones. The future development of this pest and its control is discussed.   相似文献   

Adaptation of native syrphid flies to new exotic plant (Impatiens spp.)-aphidant associations in Central Europe (Dipt., Syrphidae; Hom., Aphididae; Hym., Formicidae)     

P. Starý Dr Sc.  P. Láska Csc. 《Journal of pest science》1999,72(3):72-75

Impatiens parviflora andI. glandulifera, two invasive touchme-not species of exotic origin were found to be associated with two aphid groups in Central Europe: a) Exotic species subsequently following their invasive plant hosts (Impatientinum asiaticum Nevsky), b) native species secondarily adapted to the new exotic hosts (Aphis fabae cirsiiacanthoidis Scop.). The species number (listed) of associated syrphid flies in the newly developed guilds was rather high, consisting of broadly oligophagous species. The plant phenology and adaptation of the aphids have resulted in associations which apparently represent seasonally significant sources of prey, their importance apparently increasing with the decreasing season. Antattendance was determined in both aphid species, and no adverse interference with the preying syrphid larvae was observed. In spite of an overall classification of the target plants as expansive weeds, they are classified positively as contributing to the enhancement of syrphid fly populations in the biocorridors in the cultivated landscape.  相似文献   

Zur Verwendung von Rasterstichproben für die Fortschreibung, Nutzungsplanung und Behandlungsverbesserung in einem Forstbetrieb     

Ján Ďurský 《European Journal of Forest Research》1999,118(1-6):314-325

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Attraction of Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) beetles by lure-baited insecticide-treated tripod trap logs and trap trees     

J. Lubojacký 《国际虫害防治杂志》2014,60(3):153-159

The numbers of Ips typographus beetles captured by lure-baited insecticide-treated tripod trap logs (TRIPODs) versus classic trap trees (TRAP TREEs) were compared in a spruce forest in northeastern Czech Republic in the year 2012. During the time of I. typographus flight activity (22 April–24 August), TRAP TREEs were periodically deployed and replaced, while TRIPODs were deployed at the start of flight activity, and lure and insecticide were periodically refreshed. The numbers of I. typographus beetles captured was significantly greater on TRAP TREEs than on TRIPODs during the first sampling period (22 April–25 May) but did not differ between the two kinds of traps in the subsequent sampling periods (26 May–29 June, 30 June–27 July, or 28 July–24 August). More females than males were captured by both kinds of trap. Similarly, more beetles were captured in the spring (April–June) than in the summer (July–August) by both trap models. The main advantages of TRIPODs compared to the TRAP TREEs are twofold: first, that pheromone lures will make any spruce timber attractive to I. typographus; and second, that logs need not be decontaminated at a particular time and, consequently, they require significantly less surveillance.  相似文献   

First report on Encephalitozoon intestinalis infection of swine in Europe     

Valencáková A  Balent P  Húska M  Novotný F  Luptáková L 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2006,54(3):407-411

Encephalitozoon intestinalis infection of sows is reported from a pig farm in Slovakia. Spores were detected by direct microscopic visualisation in the faeces of 25 out of 27 sows (92.6%). This finding was also supported serologically by the presence of specific anti-E. intestinalis antibodies and by a species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This is the first report on E. intestinalis infection of swine in Europe.  相似文献   

Forests at the limit: evolutionary — genetic consequences of environmental changes at the receding (xeric) edge of distribution. Report from a research workshop     

Csaba Mátýas  Giovanni G. Vendramin  Bruno Fady 《Annals of Forest Science》2009,66(8):800-800

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Two ways of experimental infection of Ixodes ricinus ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) with spirochetes of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex     

Fiserová L  Cerná K  Horká H  Kopecký J 《Folia parasitologica》2008,55(2):150-154

A previously reported procedure for the introduction of Borrelia spirochetes into tick larvae by immersion in a suspension of spirochetes was tested on Ixodes ricinus (L.) ticks and three of the most medically important European Borrelia genomic species, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. garinii and B. afzelii. The procedure was compared with "classical" infection of nymphs by feeding on infected mice. Both methods yielded comparable results (infection rate 44-65%) with the exception of B. afzelii, which produced better results using the immersion method (44%) compared with feeding on infected mice (16%). Nymphs infected by the immersion method at the larval stage were able to transmit the infection to na?ve mice as shown by serology and PCR detection of spirochetal DNA in organs. The immersion method is faster than feeding on infected mice and provides more reproducible conditions for infection. It can be exploited for studies on both pathogen transmission and Borrelia-vector interactions.  相似文献   

Rodents as intermediate hosts of Hepatozoon ayorgbor (Apicomplexa: Adeleina: Hepatozoidae) from the African ball python, Python regius?     

Sloboda M  Kamler M  Bulantová J  Votýpka J  Modrý D 《Folia parasitologica》2008,55(1):13-16

Two experimental trials were performed to elucidate the role of rodents in the life cycle of Hepatozoon species using snakes as intermediate hosts. In one trial, two ball pythons, Python regius Shaw, 1802 were force fed livers of laboratory mice previously inoculated with sporocysts of Hepatozoon ayorgbor Sloboda, Kamler, Bulantová, Votypka et Modry, 2007. Transmission was successful in these experimentally infected snakes as evidenced by the appearance of intraerythrocytic gamonts, which persisted until the end of trial, 12 months after inoculation. Developmental stages of haemogregarines were not observed in histological sections from mice. In another experimental trial, a presence of haemogregarine DNA in mice inoculated with H. ayorgbor was demonstrated by PCR in the liver, lungs and spleen.  相似文献   

Distribution of a juvenogen and its metabolites in a laboratory system during juvenogen-induced caste differentiation in a termite, Reticulitermes santonensis (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)     

Tykva R  Cerný B  Wimmer Z  Hanus R 《Pest management science》2008,64(6):654-659

BACKGROUND: Juvenoids and juvenogens have been for many years considered promising candidates for control of pest insect species including termites. Their use as termite pest management agents requires the generation of knowledge concerning their degradation and distribution in time and space. Groups of 40 Reticulitermes santonensis de Feytaud workers were provided with wood impregnated with a juvenogen, ethyl cis-N-{2-[4-(2-butyryloxycyclohexylmethyl)phenoxy]ethyl}carbamate, labelled with tritium in the benzene ring (305 GBq mmol(-1)). After 14 days the radioactivity was determined in all elements of the experimental system. RESULTS: The majority of the input activity was detected in the wood, only about 1% in the bodies of surviving termites and 1% in the substrate. A considerable part of the input activity was probably lost as gaseous termite metabolites. The activity in workers was significantly higher than in presoldiers, which had differentiated under the influence of the labelled juvenogen. A stable value of radioactivity was detected on the body surfaces. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest good stability of the compound in the wooden carrier and low contamination of the environment with non-gaseous residuals, together with the desired biological impact on termite caste differentiation.  相似文献