Antioxidant,nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of Garcinia kola and Chrysophyllum albidum from rainforest ecosystem of Ondo State,Nigeria     

Jonathan C.Onyekwelu  Olufunmilayo Oyewale  Bernd Stimm  Reinhard Mosandl 《林业研究》2015,26(2):417-424

Tropical forests contain many tree species that have supplied edible fruits for centuries.These fruits have contributed to human diets due to their richness in nutrients,vitamins,minerals,antioxidants and their low antinutrients content.We investigated the antioxidant,nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of Garcinia kola and Chrysophyllum albidum fruit parts.The nutritional,anti-nutritional and antioxidant compositions differed depending on the fruit part.Irrespective of fruit part,moisture content was high(72–93 %).While the edible part(fruit pulp) of C.albidum proved a better source of protein(4),fibre(17 %) and fat(2 %),the seed kernel was a better source of ash(2 %) and carbohydrate(15 %).Carbohydrate(22 %),protein(2 %),fat(1 %) and fibre(3 %) were higher in G.kola seed kernel(edible part) than in the pulp and pod.Anti-nutrient content in G.kola and C.albidum fruits was low,indicating that their consumption would not pose nutritional or health problems.The antioxidant compositions(especially phenolic content(10–21 mg g-1) and DPPH(1,1-diphenyl–2 picrylhydrazyl)(26–55 %)) of C.albidum fruit pulp and G.kola seed kernel were high,implying that they could be good sources of natural antioxidants and could be used as supplements in food manufacturing.  相似文献   

A Clue to the Origin of the Bilateria?     

Rieger RM  Ladurner P  Hobmayer B  Martindale MQ  Finnerty JR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,307(5708):353-5; author reply 353-5

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Molecular architecture of the multiprotein splicing factor SF3b     

Golas MM  Sander B  Will CL  Lührmann R  Stark H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5621):980-984

The splicing factor SF3b is a multiprotein complex essential for the accurate excision of introns from pre-messenger RNA. As an integral component of the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) and the U11/U12 di-snRNP, SF3b is involved in the recognition of the pre-messenger RNA's branch site within the major and minor spliceosomes. We have determined the three-dimensional structure of the human SF3b complex by single-particle electron cryomicroscopy at a resolution of less than 10 angstroms, allowing identification of protein domains with known structural folds. The best fit of a modeled RNA-recognition motif indicates that the protein p14 is located in the central cavity of the complex. The 22 tandem helical repeats of the protein SF3b155 are located in the outer shell of the complex enclosing p14.  相似文献   

Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein remodeling during catalytic activation of the spliceosome     

Makarov EM  Makarova OV  Urlaub H  Gentzel M  Will CL  Wilm M  Lührmann R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5601):2205-2208

Major structural changes occur in the spliceosome during its activation just before catalyzing the splicing of pre-messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Whereas changes in small nuclear RNA (snRNA) conformation are well documented, little is known about remodeling of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) structures during spliceosome activation. Here, human 45S activated spliceosomes and a previously unknown 35S U5 snRNP were isolated by immunoaffinity selection and were characterized by mass spectrometry. Comparison of their protein components with those of other snRNP and spliceosomal complexes revealed a major change in protein composition during spliceosome activation. Our data also suggest that the U5 snRNP is dramatically remodeled at this stage, with the Prp19 complex and other factors tightly associating, possibly in exchange for other U5 proteins, and suggest that after catalysis the remodeled U5 is eventually released from the postsplicing complex as a 35S snRNP particle.  相似文献   

Plant cuticular lipid export requires an ABC transporter   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pighin JA  Zheng H  Balakshin LJ  Goodman IP  Western TL  Jetter R  Kunst L  Samuels AL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5696):702-704

A waxy protective cuticle coats all primary aerial plant tissues. Its synthesis requires extensive export of lipids from epidermal cells to the plant surface. Arabidopsis cer5 mutants had reduced stem cuticular wax loads and accumulated sheetlike inclusions in the cytoplasm of wax-secreting cells. These inclusions represented abnormal deposits of cuticular wax and resembled inclusions found in a human disorder caused by a defective peroxisomal adenosine triphosphate binding cassette (ABC) transporter. We found that the CER5 gene encodes an ABC transporter localized in the plasma membrane of epidermal cells and conclude that it is required for wax export to the cuticle.  相似文献   

Bericht über Sammelreisen in Tadzhikistan (1983–1988) zum Studium von mittelasiatischen Vertretern der GattungAllium L.     

Reinhard Fritsch 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1990,38(3):363-385

Zusammenfassung Im Zeitraum von 1983 bis 1988 wurden fünf Reisen zur Sammlung indigenerAllium-Vertreter in der Tadzhikischen SSR unternommen und dabei eine Kollektion von etwa 40 Arten (31 davon sind bisher definitiv bestimmt) zusammengetragen. Die bereisten Gebiete in den Gebirgsregionen des westlichen Landesteils und die Standorte der verschiedenen Taxa werden kurz vorgestellt. Es folgen Bemerkungen über Hausgärten und andere Kulturflächen sowie über die dort gesammelten Muster von Kulturarten und verwandten Wildformen.

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Report on missions for the collection of middle AsianAllium L. taxa in Tadzhikistan (1983–1988)

Summary In the mentioned period five missions have been undertaken to collect indigeneous material ofAllium species in the western part of the Tadzhik Socialist Soviet Republic. Hitherto nearly 40 species (31 of which were definitely determined) have been found there. The areas of the mountainous regions visited and the habitats of the taxa are shortly characterized. Some remarks on the fields and gardens as well as on the collected samples of cultivated taxa and of their wild relatives are also given.

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(1983–1988.) Allium

1983 1988. Allium 40 (31 ). . ¶rt; , , .

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Influence of extraction parameters on the phytochemical characteristics of extracts from buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) herb   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hinneburg I  Neubert RH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(1):3-7

In recent years, the interest in herbal medicinal products, especially in the field of dermatology and cosmetics, has risen enormously. Many plant-derived substances show photoprotective properties in terms of absorption of UV radiation and preventing photodamage to molecular structures of human skin. Modern phytopharmaceutics as well as phytocosmetics require standardized, defined extracts from the herbal matrix. Buckwheat herb is rich in flavonoids, which have been identified as potent antioxidants. Up to now, there have been no systematic investigations available concerning the extraction conditions for phenolic substances from buckwheat herb. In this paper, we report the influence of three extraction parameters, ethanol concentration, temperature, and extraction time, on the response variables extractable matter, antioxidant activity, and content of fagopyrin, rutin, and chlorogenic acid. Our results suggest that an extract with good antioxidant activity, a high content of phenolics, and a low content of the phototoxic fagopyrin can be yielded by agitated maceration with 30% ethanol at 60 degrees C for 2 h. Furthermore, there is good correlation between the antioxidant activity and the rutin content, whereas the extractable matter is not an appropriate parameter for extract quality. Huge differences in the content of rutin and chlorogenic acid when using herbal drugs from different suppliers confirm the demand of standardized procedures for the production of herbal drugs.  相似文献   

Vorgänge und Formen der Bodenerosion durch Schneeschmelze     

Reinhard‐Günter Schmidt 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2003,166(1):131-133

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Taxonomy and evolution of cultivated plants: Literature review 1982/1983     

Jurgen Schultze-Motel  Reinhard Fritsch  Karl Hammer  Peter Hanelt  Joachim Kruse  Helga I. Maass  Harald Ohle  Klaus Pistrick 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1984,32(4):245-259

Summary Important papers on taxonomy and evolution of cultivated plants published in 1982 and 1983 were compiled and briefly discussed.

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Taxonomie und Evolution der Kulturpflanzen: Literaturübersicht 1982/1983

Zusammenfassung Wichtige Arbeiten über Taxonomie und Evolution der Kulturpflanzen aus den Jahren 1982 und 1983 wurden zusammengestellt und kurz kommentiert.

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: 1982–1983

, 1982 1983 . .

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Genetic Introgression Between Arctic Charr (Salvelinus Alpinus) and Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) in Bavarian Hatchery Stocks Inferred from Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Markers     

Riho Gross  Bernhard Gum  Reinhard Reiter  Ralph Kühn 《Aquaculture International》2004,12(1):19-32

Nuclear insulin-like growth factor 2 gene (IGF-2), growth hormone 1 gene (GH-1) and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) of the ribosomal DNA as well as the mitochondrial NADH-3 and NADH-4 dehydrogenase genes (ND-3/4) exhibited species-specific restriction fragment patterns and three microsatellite loci (Sfo18, Ssa85 and Ssa197) had non-overlapping allele size ranges in Arctic charr and brook trout and were used as diagnostic markers for testing genetic purity of hatchery stocks and wild populations of Arctic charr and brook trout in Bavaria, Germany. Screening of four wild populations (three in Arctic charr and one in brook trout) revealed only a single hybrid (back-cross to brook trout) individual in L. Starnberg. In contrast, in three (out of five) hatchery stocks of Arctic charr and in both hatchery stocks of brook trout hybrids were detected with the frequency from 3 to 100%. Three hatchery stocks (SS2, SA and BS1) represent a hybrid swarm because they contained a very high proportion of hybrids (from 83 to 100%) and most or all hybrid individuals had alien alleles at only one or a few of six unlinked diagnostic loci, indicating that post-F₁ hybrids represent the majority of individuals in these stocks and introgression has taken place. Release or escape of introgressed individuals from hatcheries into natural water bodies should be avoided in order to protect the biological diversity and genetic integrity of native fish populations.  相似文献