Assessment of the Antibacterial Effect of Chitosan Coated with Heracleum persicum Oil on Rainbow Trout Quality     

Issa Mohammadpourfard  Mir Mohammad Shamloo Anbardan  Navid Eshghi  Mahdi Jahanbakhsh  Arash Akbarzadeh  Saeed Ghorbani Bejandi 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2017,26(6):756-768

Today, due to the rapid spoilage of fish, the use of natural preservatives is a priority over those of synthetic varieties. Also, the natural antimicrobial effects of essential oils can help to increase shelf life. There are very few studies concerning the use of essential oils in this regard. In the present study, the antibacterial effect of chitosan coated with Heracleum persicum oil was investigated on the quality of rainbow trout. The control and the coated fish samples were analyzed periodically by generalized estimating equation (GEE) for total viable count (TVC), psychrophilic bacteria, total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), texture, taste, odor, and overall acceptance parameters. The results showed that by increasing the amount of chitosan, TVC, psychrophilic bacteria, and TVB-N decreased while PUFA, texture, taste, odor, and overall acceptance parameters increased.  相似文献   

Retracted: Study of testis histology and sperm morphology in the Bunnei,Barbus sharpeyi (Gunther, 1874) induced by luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone analogue and carp pituitary extract          下载免费PDF全文

Mohammad R Kalbassi  Reza Lorestani  Mohammad S Aramli 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(2):473-480

This study was conducted to determine the effects of hormone treatment on testis structure in Barbus sharpeyi, as well as the morphology of sperm examined by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Male B. sharpeyi were divided into three groups (three fish per group) and injected with luteinizing hormone – releasing hormone analogue (LHRH–A₂) or carp pituitary extract (CPE). The first and second groups were treated with 10 μg kg^?1 LHRH–A₂ and metoclopramide (MET), and their testis were sampled pre‐ and Poststripping respectively. The third group received 2 mg kg^?1 CPE and were killed pre‐stripping. Based on the histological results obtained, the testicular connective tissue of the lumen was thicker, and seminal vesicles were of a lower volume, in fish injected with CPE in comparison to the other groups. After treatment with LHRH–A₂ and MET, not all spermatozoa within the testis were ejaculated, and only a small amount of sperm was obtained by abdominal stripping. The highest and lowest diameters of connective tissue within lobules were observed in fish receiving CPE and LHRH–A₂ treatments respectively. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in lobule space between the fish injected with the CPE and the fish injected with the LHRH–A₂ and MET. The SEM results revealed that the spermatozoa of B. sharpeyi were composed of a spherical to elliptical head, a cylindrical midpiece, and a lengthy flagellum. In conclusion, it was found that injection with LHRH–A₂ and MET improved the spermatogenic process in comparison to injection with CPE.  相似文献   

The effect of maternal size on larval characteristics of Persian sturgeon Acipenser persicus     

Rajab Mohammad Nazari  Mehdi Sohrabnejad  & Mohammad Reza Ghomi 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(9):1083-1088

The objective of this work was to study the relationship between female size (weight) and variables of egg and larval stage of Persian sturgeon Acipenser persicus . In this study, 19 female breeders were captured in Caspian Sea and fertilized by routine methods. Positive significant correlations ( P <0.05) were established between female weight and ovulated eggs per female, time of second mitosis division and volume of yolk-sac at hatching. There was not significant correlation ( r =0.33, P =0.161) between female weight and egg diameter. Female weight was not affected weight of larvae at hatching time ( r =0.37, P =0.119), as well as larval length ( r =−0.14, P =0.558) and larval weight at the end of the experiment (48 hours after first feeding) ( r =0.16, P =0.491). Mortality rate during yolk-sac absorption was higher with increased female weight but their correlation was not significant ( r =0.40, P =0.076). During the first feeding stage, mortality rate was 13.39% and there was no significant correlation between mortality rate in this period and female weight ( r =−0.12, P =0.613). Conclusively, as a result female size influenced fecundity, time of second mitosis division and yolk-sac volume at hatching time without affecting mortality rate during yolk-sac absorption and first feeding stage in Persian sturgeon. Thus, smaller female broods do not cause more mortality than larger ones in larval production and they can be used in reproduction procedure.  相似文献   

Anaesthetic efficacy of eugenol on Flowerhorn (Amphilophus labiatus × Amphilophus trimaculatus)          下载免费PDF全文

Reza Tarkhani  Ahmad Imani  Hadi Jamali  Kourosh Sarvi Moghanlou 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(6):3207-3215

Anaesthetic efficacy of eugenol was investigated on Flowerhorn (Amphilophus labiatus × Amphilophus trimaculatus). A total of 104 fish with average weights of 12 ± 2.5, 28 ± 5 and 53 ±5.1 g were subjected to 25–200 mg L^?1 eugenol and behavioural responses as well as induction and recovery times were recorded. Induction and recovery times were significantly affected by eugenol concentration as well as fish weight (P < 0.05). Generally, 49.9–127.3 s after exposure to 50–200 mg L^?1 eugenol, fish reached stage 3 anaesthesia (suitable for general handling). Fish entered stage 4 anaesthesia (suitable for surgery and blood sampling) over 57.3–140.4 s post exposure to such concentrations. Recovery time was 91.7–312 s in all weight classes for all eugenol concentrations. Mortality (23%) was only observed in 12‐g fish when were subjected to 200 mg L^?1 eugenol. This study showed the behavioural response of Flowerhorn to anaesthesia and eugenol efficacy as an anaesthetic in this important ornamental species. The general quadratic equation revealed that concentrations of eugenol and fish size along with their interactive effects have significantly contributed to the model, with concentration recording the highest beta value in all models (β = ?0.809, ?0.818 and ?0.909, P = 0.000). According to the results, minimum eugenol concentration to induce anaesthesia in less than 3 min was 50 mg L^?1.  相似文献   

Effects of irrigation strategies and soils on field grown potatoes: Yield and water productivity   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Seyed Hamid Ahmadi  Mathias N. Andersen  Rolf T. Poulsen  Ali Reza Sepaskhah 《Agricultural Water Management》2010,97(11):1923-1290

Yield and water productivity of potatoes grown in 4.32 m² lysimeters were measured in coarse sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam and imposed to full (FI), deficit (DI), and partial root-zone drying (PRD) irrigation strategies. PRD and DI as water-saving irrigation treatments received 65% of FI after tuber bulking and lasted for 6 weeks until final harvest. Analysis across the soil textures showed that fresh yields were not significant between the irrigation treatments. However, the same analysis across the irrigation treatments revealed that the effect of soil texture was significant on the fresh yield and loamy sand produced significantly higher fresh yield than the other two soils, probably because of higher leaf area index, higher photosynthesis rates, and “stay-green” effect late in the growing season. More analysis showed that there was a significant interaction between the irrigation treatments and soil textures that the highest fresh yield was obtained under FI in loamy sand. Furthermore, analysis across the soil textures showed that water productivities, WP (kg ha⁻¹ fresh tuber yield mm⁻¹ ET) were not significantly different between the irrigation treatments. However, across the irrigation treatments, the soil textures were significantly different. This showed that the interaction between irrigation treatments and soil textures was significant that the highest significant WP was obtained under DI in sandy loam. While PRD and DI treatments increased WP by, respectively, 11 and 5% in coarse sand and 28 and 36% in sandy loam relative to FI, they decreased WP in loamy sand by 15 and 13%. The reduced WP in loamy sand was due to nearly 28% fresh tuber yield loss in PRD and DI relative to FI even though ET was reduced by 9 and 11% in these irrigation treatments. This study showed that different soils will affect water-saving irrigation strategies that are worth knowing for suitable agricultural water management. So, under non-limited water resources conditions, loamy sand produces the highest yield under full irrigation but water-saving irrigations (PRD and DI) are not recommended due to considerable loss (28%) in yield. However, under restricted water resources, it is recommended to apply water-saving irrigations in sandy loam and coarse sand to achieve the highest water productivity.  相似文献   

Sperm of feral carp <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cyprinus carpio</Emphasis>: optimization of activation solution     

Kazem Darvish Bastami  Mohammad Reza Imanpour  Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar 《Aquaculture International》2010,18(5):771-776

The spermatozoa of oviparous fish, such as feral carp (Cyprinus carpio), are immotile in the presence of semen plasma or isotonic solutions, and to obtain good motility, they must be diluted with suitable medium. The objective of this study was to identify the best activating solution for feral carp sperm. Sperm motilities were compared in the new activating solution (a): (50 mM NaCl, 30 mM KCl, 30 mM Tris, pH = 8.5) and activating solution (b): (50 mM NaCl, 40 mM KCl, 30 mM Tris, pH = 8.5) based on effect of pH with everyone of Na⁺ and K⁺ ions versus four other activating solutions Billard’s saline solution, Poupard’s saline solution, distilled water and hatchery water that is routinely used for extending carp semen. Our results showed that maximum total motility period and percentage of motile sperm were seen in selected saline solution (a). The present study describes an activating solution that prolongs feral carp sperm motility.  相似文献   

Prevalence of subclinical coccidiosis in broiler-chicken farms in the municipality of Mashhad, Khorasan, Iran     

Reza Razmi G  Ali Kalideri G 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2000,44(3-4):247-253

A survey of the prevalence of subclinical coccidiosis in broiler-chickens was conducted in the municipality of Mashhad, Khorasan, Iran. Eighty-four chicken farms were randomly selected; from each farm, five birds per 10 000 were sampled (as was litter). Serial scraping of the intestinal lining was done in chicks at 3rd and >6th week of age.

The farm-level prevalence of subclinical coccidiosis was 38% (95% CI: 28, 48.47%). Uni- and multi-variable associations were tested between each variable. An increased risk of infection in the broiler was associated with the larger farm, with older chickens, and if the chicken farm were sampled in the winter or spring, using coccidiostat in the food was not associated. The peak oocyst score in the litter occurred at >6th week of age. Most farms (97%) had E. acervulina; (41%) had E. maxima and (12%) had E. tenella.  相似文献   

Identification of superior parents and hybrids for improving canola production under optimum and late sowing conditions     

Hassan Amiri Oghan  Mohammad Moghaddam Vahed  Reza Ataei  Majid Gholamhosseini 《Euphytica》2018,214(6):91

Major advancement in canola breeding depends on heterotic hybrids that require high general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) inbred lines. In order to estimate heritability, gene action type, GCA, SCA and heterosis and to identify superior hybrids with wider adaptation to cold, one hundred canola hybrids were produced by crossing 10 lines and 10 testers in a Line?×?Tester mating design. The F₁ and F₂ generations were sown in α-lattice design in 2012 and 2013 growing seasons under optimum (early October) and late sowing (early November) conditions to be evaluated for days to flowering, days to physiological maturity, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, thousand seed weight, seed yield and leaf electrical conductivity. The combined analysis indicated sufficient genetic diversity in the population and significant difference between two sowing date. The Line?×?Tester analysis presented significant GCA and SCA effects for all studied traits across optimum and late sowing conditions. The main gene action type was found to be non-additive, especially incomplete dominance and over-dominance in both conditions. Narrow-sense heritability ranged from low to moderate whereas broad-sense heritability was recorded more than 60% for all of the studied traits in both generations and conditions. The average heterosis in F₂ population for all studied traits was lower than that in F₁ representing this fact that heterosis is generally related to the heterozygosity at the population level and poorly correlated with heterozygosity at the individual level.  相似文献   

Metagenomic analysis using 16S ribosomal RNA genes of a bacterial community in an urban stream,the Tama River,Tokyo     

Md. Shaheed Reza  Nanami Mizusawa  Ayaka Kumano  Chiharu Oikawa  Daisuke Ouchi  Atsushi Kobiyama  Yuichiro Yamada  Yuri Ikeda  Daisuke Ikeda  Kazuho Ikeo  Shigeru Sato  Takehiko Ogata  Toshiaki Kudo  Mitsuru Jimbo  Ko Yasumoto  Kazutoshi Yoshitake  Shugo Watabe 《Fisheries Science》2018,84(3):563-577

In an effort to determine genus- or species-level taxonomic profiles and diversity of bacterial consortia in the Tama River around urban Tokyo, next-generation sequencing technology targeting a 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplicon was employed. Metagenomic analysis performed by an Ion Personal Genome Machine after sequentially filtering samples through 5-, 0.8- and 0.2-μm filters yielded 1.48 Gb of 16S sequences (average 2.38 M reads/sample). The results indicated that half of the bacterial sequences belonged to Proteobacteria, followed by Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria. Flavobacterium (Bacteroidetes), possibly including a potential fish pathogen, was the most numerous genera in the Tama River metagenome, and accounted for?~?16% of assigned 16S reads, followed by Mycobacterium. Other dominant bacterial genera including Zoogloea, Sediminibacterium, Hyphomicrobium, Sphingopyxis, Thiothrix and Lysobacter, were thought to be associated with waste water and sludge. MiSeq metagenomic analysis revealed that environmental factors, particularly water temperature, influenced the bacterial composition throughout the year, with a strong negative correlation observed for Proteobacteria and a positive correlation for Bacteroidetes. In terms of bacterial genera, Flavobacterium was positively correlated with temperature, while Polaromonas, Pseudomonas and Bradyrhizobium were negatively correlated with this, suggesting dynamic change in the free-living bacterial population throughout the year and versatile adaptation strategies in relation to environmental factors.  相似文献   

Simulating long-term effect of Hyrcanian forest loss on phosphorus loading at the sub-watershed level     

Fatemeh RAJAEI  Abbas E SARI  Abdolrassoul SALMANMAHINY  Timothy O RANDHIR  Majid DELAVAR  Reza D BEHROOZ  Alireza M BAVANI 《干旱区科学》2018,10(3):457-469

Conversion of forest land to farmland in the Hyrcanian forest of northern Iran increases the nutrient input, especially the phosphorus(P) nutrient, thus impacting the water quality. Modeling the effect of forest loss on surface water quality provides valuable information for forest management. This study predicts the future impacts of forest loss between 2010 and 2040 on P loading in the Tajan River watershed at the sub-watershed level. To understand drivers of the land cover, we used Land Change Modeler(LCM) combining with the Soil Water Assessment Tool(SWAT) model to simulate the impacts of land use change on P loading. We characterized priority management areas for locating comprehensive and cost-effective management practices at the sub-watershed level. Results show that agricultural expansion has led to an intense deforestation. During the future period 2010–2040, forest area is expected to decrease by 34,739 hm~2. And the areas of pasture and agriculture are expected to increase by 7668 and 27,071 hm~2, respectively. In most sub-watersheds, P pollution will be intensified with the increase in deforestation by the year 2040. And the P concentration is expected to increase from 0.08 to 2.30 mg/L in all of sub-watersheds by the year 2040. It should be noted that the phosphorous concentration exceeds the American Public Health Association′s water quality standard of 0.2 mg/L for P in drinking water in both current and future scenarios in the Tajan River watershed. Only 30% of sub-watersheds will comply with the water quality standards by the year 2040. The finding of the present study highlights the importance of conserving forest area to maintain a stable water quality.  相似文献