Delineation of nutrient management zones for precise fertilizer management in wheat crop using geo-statistical techniques     

Sikander Ameer  Muhammad Jehanzeb Masud Cheema  Muhammad Azeem Khan  Muhammad Amjad  Mohsin Noor  Lin Wei 《Soil Use and Management》2022,38(3):1430-1445

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Simultaneously immobilization of Cd and Pb in paddy soil by magnetic modified biochar based on textile dyeing sludge: metal speciation and soil microbial community evolution     

Diao  Yinzhu  Wang  Xiaoxia  Zhou  Lei  Dan  Yitong  Sang  wenjing  Usman  Muhammad  Luo  Gang  Zhang  Yalei 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2022,22(10):2765-2776

Journal of Soils and Sediments - The preparation of biochar from textile dyeing sludge (TDS) not only solves the problem of sludge reuse problem but also provides a feasible solution for soil heavy...  相似文献   

优化施肥对琯溪蜜柚产量、品质和碳排放的影响          下载免费PDF全文

张卫强  许修柱  陈晓辉  Muhammad Atif Muneer  叶德练  吴良泉 《中国土壤与肥料》2022,(6):82-90

明确减量优化施肥和增施钙镁肥对平和琯溪蜜柚产量、品质和碳排放的影响,为琯溪蜜柚绿色提质增效施肥技术提供科学依据。在蜜柚主产区平和县坂仔镇布置6个田间试验点,设置农户常规施肥(FFP)、优化施肥(OPT,减量施用氮磷钾肥)和优化施肥+钙镁肥(OPT+Ca Mg)处理,研究不同施肥处理对蜜柚产量、品质、肥料偏生产力、经济效益和碳排放的影响。结果表明:①与FFP处理相比,OPT和OPT+Ca Mg处理减肥不减产,且OPT+Ca Mg处理可以显著降低果实的可滴定酸含量(降幅7.0%)、提高固酸比(增幅8.8%),部分试验点可溶性固形物含量存在显著差异,但平均可溶性固形物含量无显著差异,不同处理的果实可食率无显著差异;  相似文献   

Host-seeking behavior and fecundity of the female Aedes aegypti to human blood types     

Shahmshad Ahmed Khan  Akwashiki Ombugadu  Saboor Ahmad 《Pest management science》2022,78(1):321-328

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Equivalent cropping area and whole farm water balance approaches to reduce net recharge to shallow saline groundwater from rice based cropping systems     

Shahbaz Khan 《Paddy and Water Environment》2007,5(3):143-152

Sustainability of irrigated agriculture in the semi-arid regions such as the rice growing regions of the southern Australia could be under serious threat due to recharge to saline groundwater leading to secondary salinisation. This paper presents two approaches to reduce net recharge to shallow saline groundwater from ponded rice cropping systems using a soil, water and groundwater management model–SWAGMAN model. First approach applies the concept of growing deep-rooted crop (crop consuming water from soil and shallow water table) over an area equivalent to recharge from a unit area of rice crop to maintain the total water balance. The second approach involves achieving whole farm water balance for average and wet climatic conditions to find out optimum cropping pattern to minimise recharge from rice based system. Results of both approaches are sensitive to water table depth and regional groundwater outflow rates. The first approach was applied to determine an optimal mix of rice/lucerne crop to keep water tables and average soil salinity changes less than 0 m/year and 0.015 dS/m, respectively. The area of lucerne required to match the net groundwater rise caused by 1 ha of rice is 1.27, 2.45 and 3.55 ha for 1, 0.5 and 0.2 ML/ha regional groundwater outflow capacity. Results from second approach revealed that it is possible to control net recharge under above average rainfall using a suitable whole farm cropping mix e.g. 50 ha rice–wheat rotation, 19 ha rice, 25 ha of lucerne and 136 ha of fallow.  相似文献   

Construction of DNA vaccines encoding Eimeria acervulina cSZ-2 with chicken IL-2 and IFN-γ and their efficacy against poultry coccidiosis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Muhammad Ali A. Shah 《Research in veterinary science》2011,90(1):72-77

The study describes vaccination experiments with highly immunogenic sporozoite E. acervulina cSZ-2 co-administered with chicken IL-2 (chIL-2) and interferon-γ (chIFN-γ) to determine their efficacies against homologue challenge. The entire coding sequence of cSZ2, chIL-2 and chIFN-γ were cloned into eukaryotic expression vector pVAX1, constructing DNA vaccines pVAX1-cSZ2, pVAX1-chIL-2, pVAX1-chIFN-γ, pVAX1-cSZ2-chIL-2 and pVAX1-cSZ2-chIFN-γ. The expression of target genes in vivo was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Chicken experiments were carried out by vaccinating chickens two times at dose rate of 100 μg intramuscularly. At 28 days of age, all chickens were inoculated orally with 1 × 10⁵ sporulated oocysts of E. acervulina except the unchallenged control group. Seven days after challenge, all chickens were weighted and slaughtered for duodenum collection. The results indicated that these DNA vaccines were successfully constructed and the antigen genes could be expressed effectively in vivo. The findings also demonstrated best synergistic effect of IL-2 with this protein which suggested that co-administration of cytokines with this antigen was a powerful method to enhance immunity by alleviating intestinal lesions, body weight loss and oocyst count imparting partial protection against homologous challenge.  相似文献   

Metapopulation dynamics and determinants of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in Indonesian poultry     

Farnsworth ML  Fitchett S  Hidayat MM  Lockhart C  Hamilton-West C  Brum E  Angus S  Poermadjaja B  Pinto J 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2011,102(3):206-217

In 2008, the Indonesian Government implemented a revised village-level Participatory Disease Surveillance and Response (PDSR) program to gain a better understanding of both the magnitude and spatial distribution of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in backyard poultry. To date, there has been considerable collection of data, but limited publically available analysis. This study utilizes data collected by the PDSR program between April 2008 and September 2010 for Java, Bali and the Lampung Province of Sumatra. The analysis employs hierarchical Bayesian occurrence models to quantify spatial and temporal dynamics in backyard HPAI infection reports at the District level in 90 day time periods, and relates the probability of HPAI occurrence to PDSR-reported village HPAI infection status and human and poultry density. The probability of infection in a District was assumed to be dependent on the status of the District in the previous 90 day time period, and described by either a colonization probability (the probability of HPAI infection in a District given there had not been infection in the previous 90 day time period) or a persistence probability (the probability of HPAI infection being maintained in the District from the previous to current 90 day period). Results suggest that the number of surveillance activities in a district had little relationship to outbreak occurrence probabilities, but human and poultry densities were found to have non-linear relationships to outbreak occurrence probabilities. We found significant spatial dependency among neighboring districts, indicating that there are latent spatial processes that are not captured by the covariates available for this study, but which nonetheless impact outbreak dynamics. The results of this work may help improve understanding of the seasonal nature of H5N1 in poultry and the potential role of poultry density in enabling endemicity to occur, as well as to assist the Government of Indonesia target scarce resources to regions and time periods when outbreaks of HPAI in poultry are most likely to occur.  相似文献   

Preparation and evaluation of chicken embryo-adapted fowl adenovirus serotype 4 vaccine in broiler chickens     

Mansoor MK  Hussain I  Arshad M  Muhammad G 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(2):331-338

The current study was planned to develop an efficient vaccine against hydropericardium syndrome virus (HSV). Currently, formalin-inactivated liver organ vaccines failed to protect the Pakistan broiler industry from this destructive disease of economic importance. A field isolate of the pathogenic hydropericardium syndrome virus was adapted to chicken embryos after four blind passages. The chicken embryo-adapted virus was further serially passaged (12 times) to get complete attenuation. Groups of broiler chickens free from maternal antibodies against HSV at the age of 14 days were immunized either with 16th passage attenuated HSV vaccine or commercially formalized liver organ vaccine. The antibody response, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the group immunized with the 16th passage attenuated HSV vaccine compared to the group immunized with liver organ vaccine at 7, 14, and 21 days post-immunization. At 24 days of age, the broiler chickens in each group were challenged with 10^3.83 embryo infectious dose₅₀ of pathogenic HSV and were observed for 7 days post-challenge. Vaccination with the 16th passage attenuated HSV gave 94.73% protection as validated on the basis of clinical signs (5.26%), gross lesions in the liver and heart (5.26%), histopathological lesions in the liver (1.5 ± 0.20), and mortality (5.26%). The birds inoculated with liver organ vaccine showed significantly low (p < 0.05; 55%) protection estimated on the basis of clinical signs (40%), gross lesions in the liver and heart (45%), histopathological lesions in the liver (2.7 ± 0.72), and mortality (35%). Birds in the unvaccinated control group showed high morbidity (84%), mortality (70%), gross (85%), and histopathological lesions (3.79 ± 0.14) with only 10% protection. In conclusion, this newly developed HSV vaccine proved to be immunogenic and has potential for controlling HSV infections in chickens.  相似文献   

Bilateral follicular cysts in a water buffalo   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Khan FA  Nabi SU  Pande M  Das GK  Sarkar M 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(3):539-541

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Relationship of age to body weight,scrotal circumference,testicular ultrasonograms,and semen quality in Sahiwal bulls   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Ahmad  Ejaz  Ahmad  Nasim  Naseer  Zahid  Aleem  Muhammad  Khan  Muhammad Sarwar  Ashiq  Muhammad  Younis  Muhammad 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(1):159-164

The objective of the present study was to determine the relationship of age to body weight (BW), scrotal circumference (SC), number of pixels of testicular ultrasonograms (NP), and semen quality in Sahiwal bulls. The study was based on 128 Sahiwal bulls of different age groups (from 0 to >100 months of age). Bulls were evaluated for SC, BW, and NP. Semen was evaluated once a week for five consecutive weeks from regularly collected donor bulls (n = 86) ranging in age from 25–30 to >100 months. Ejaculate volume, sperm motility, sperm concentration, sperm morphology, percent live sperms, sperm plasma membrane integrity, and normal acrosome were compared among different age groups. Mean SC and BW increased (P < 0.05) in a curvilinear manner from birth to >100 months of age. Mean NP of testicular ultrasonograms increased (P < 0.05) from 0 to 24 months and then plateaued until >100 months of age. Body weight, SC, and NP were positively correlated with age from birth until >100 months (r = 0.91, 0.87, and 0.40, respectively). Ejaculate volume (5.7 ± 0.2 vs. 4.6 ± 0.09 ml) and sperm concentration (1,281.6 ± 17.7 vs. 1,115.8 ± 55.9 × 10⁶/ml) increased (P < 0.05) in mature bulls compared to younger ones. However, motility (68.6 ± 0.3%), plasma membrane integrity (50.8 ± 1.0%), and normal acrosome (74.8 ± 0.5%) remained insignificant due to age. In six of eight age groups studied, morphological abnormalities were well within the range (18.1 ± 0.3%). In conclusion, the BW, SC, and NP of testicular ultrasonograms, ejaculate volume, and concentration increased with age. Moreover, semen quality is fairly independent of age except volume and concentration in Sahiwal bulls.  相似文献