Metabolism and persistence of atrazine in several field soils with different atrazine application histories     

Jablonowski ND  Hamacher G  Martinazzo R  Langen U  Köppchen S  Hofmann D  Burauel P 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2010,58(24):12869-12877

To assess the potential occurrence of accelerated herbicide degradation in soils, the mineralization and persistence of (14)C-labeled and nonlabeled atrazine was evaluated over 3 months in two soils from Belgium (BS, atrazine-treated 1973-2008; BC, nontreated) and two soils from Germany (CK, atrazine-treated 1986-1989; CM, nontreated). Prior to the experiment, accelerated solvent extraction of bulk field soils revealed atrazine (8.3 and 15.2 μg kg(-1)) in BS and CK soils and a number of metabolites directly after field sampling, even in BC and CM soils without previous atrazine treatment, by means of LC-MS/MS analyses. For atrazine degradation studies, all soils were incubated under different moisture conditions (50% maximum soil water-holding capacity (WHC(max))/slurried conditions). At the end of the incubation, the (14)C-atrazine mineralization was high in BS soil (81 and 83%) and also unexpectedly high in BC soil (40 and 81%), at 50% WHC(max) and slurried conditions, respectively. In CK soil, the (14)C-atrazine mineralization was higher (10 and 6%) than in CM soil (4.7 and 2.7%), but was not stimulated by slurried conditions. The results revealed that atrazine application history dramatically influences its degradation and mineralization. For the incubation period, the amount of extractable atrazine, composed of residues from freshly applied atrazine and residues from former field applications, remained significantly greater (statistical significance = 99.5 and 99.95%) for BS and CK soils, respectively, than the amount of extractable atrazine in the bulk field soils. This suggests that (i) mostly freshly applied atrazine is accessible for a complex microbial community, (ii) the applied atrazine is not completely mineralized and remains extractable even in adapted soils, and (iii) the microbial atrazine-mineralizing capacity strongly depends on atrazine application history and appears to be conserved on long time scales after the last application.  相似文献   

Use of an osteoconductive compound as an aid in the management of a maxillary fracture in a boa constrictor     

Rahal SC  Teixeira CR  Vulcano LC  Aguiar AJ 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2011,52(3):300-302

A boa constrictor was presented with a short oblique compound fracture of the rostral third of the right maxilla. The fracture was reduced and biomaterial was placed around the fracture. A computed tomography scan at 1.5 mo post-surgery showed that the fracture had healed with slight displacement of the bone fragments.  相似文献   

Occurrence of nematodes and anthelmintic management of ostrich farms from different Brazilian states: Libyostrongylus douglassii dominates mixed infections     

de Andrade JG  Lelis RT  Damatta RA  Santos Cde P 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,178(1-2):129-133

Ostriches were imported to Brazil in the early 1990s without appropriate parasite control leading to a co-importation of parasites. Libyostrongylus douglassii, Libyostrongylus dentatus and Codiostomum struthionis are nematodes of the ostriches that have been reported on some Brazilian farms but no national survey has been performed. Moreover, little is known about anthelmintic usage to control these parasites in Brazil. Therefore, the occurrence of L. douglassii, L. dentatus and C. struthionis and the anthelmintic management practices in Brazilian ostrich farms were studied. A questionnaire about management practices and information on how to collect, store and ship feces to the laboratory were sent to 17 farms located in 9 Brazilian states. Received fecal samples were submitted to fecal cultivation and larval harvested. Infective larvae were morphologically analyzed and quantified. The majority of the farms (88%) used an anthelmintic at least once a year. Ivermectin was the principal anthelmintic. Libyostrongylus sp. and C. struthionis were found in samples from 76 and 18% of the examined farms, respectively. The presence of L. douglassii (61-97%) was higher than L. dentatus (3-57%) and C. struthionis (2-30%). At the farm level, both species of Libyostrongylus were always found together. Sheath tail measurements of their infective larvae were crucial for morphological diagnosis. L. dentatus and L. douglassii are well adapted to Brazil and are widely distributed in the Brazilian territory, proving that this mixed infection in Brazilian ostrich's farms is common.  相似文献   

First isolation and molecular characterization of Ehrlichia canis in Costa Rica, Central America     

L.E. Romero  A.I. Meneses  M. Jiménez  D.M. Aguiar  G. Dolz 《Research in veterinary science》2011,91(1):95-97

The present study investigated Ehrlichia species in blood samples from dogs suspected of clinical ehrlichiosis, using molecular and isolation techniques in cell culture. From a total of 310 canine blood samples analyzed by 16S rRNA nested PCR, 148 (47.7%) were positive for Ehrlichia canis. DNA from Ehrlichia chaffeensis or Ehrlichia ewingii was not detected in any sample using species-specific primers in separated reactions. Leukocytes from five PCR-positive dogs were inoculated into DH82 cells; successful isolation of E. canis was obtained in four samples. Partial sequence of the dsb gene of eight canine blood samples (including the five samples for in vitro isolation) was obtained by PCR and their analyses through BLAST showed 100% of identity with the corresponding sequence of E. canis in GenBank. This study represents the first molecular diagnosis, isolation, and molecular characterization of E. canis in dogs from Costa Rica.  相似文献   

Effect of intravenous propofol and remifentanil on heart rate, blood pressure and nociceptive response in acepromazine premedicated dogs     

Gimenes AM  de Araujo Aguiar AJ  Perri SH  de Paula Nogueira G 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2011,38(1):54-62

ObjectiveTo investigate the cardiorespiratory, nociceptive and endocrine effects of the combination of propofol and remifentanil, in dogs sedated with acepromazine.Study designProspective randomized, blinded, cross-over experimental trial.AnimalsTwelve healthy adult female cross-breed dogs, mean weight 18.4 ± 2.3 kg.MethodsDogs were sedated with intravenous (IV) acepromazine (0.05 mg kg^?1) followed by induction of anesthesia with IV propofol (5 mg kg^?1). Anesthesia was maintained with IV propofol (0.2 mg kg^?1 minute^?1) and remifentanil, infused as follows: R1, 0.125 μg kg^?1 minute^?1; R2, 0.25 μg kg^?1 minute^?1; and R3, 0.5 μg kg^?1 minute^?1. The same dogs were administered each dose of remifentanil at 1-week intervals. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (f_R), end tidal CO₂ (Pe′CO₂), arterial hemoglobin O₂ saturation, blood gases, and rectal temperature were measured before induction, and 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 120 minutes after beginning the infusion. Nociceptive response was investigated by electrical stimulus (50 V, 5 Hz and 10 ms). Blood samples were collected for plasma cortisol measurements. Statistical analysis was performed by anova (p < 0.05).ResultsIn all treatments, HR decreased during anesthesia with increasing doses of remifentanil, and increased significantly immediately after the end of infusion. MAP remained stable during anesthesia (72–98 mmHg). Antinociception was proportional to the remifentanil infusion dose, and was considered satisfactory only with R2 and R3. Plasma cortisol concentration decreased during anesthesia in all treatments. Recovery was smooth and fast in all dogs.Conclusions and clinical relevanceInfusion of 0.25–0.5 μg kg^?1 minute^?1 remifentanil combined with 0.2 mg kg^?1 minute^?1 propofol produced little effect on arterial blood pressure and led to a good recovery. The analgesia produced was sufficient to control the nociceptive response applied by electrical stimulation, suggesting that it may be appropriate for performing surgery.  相似文献   

Determination of the sevoflurane sparing effect of methadone in cats     

Ferreira TH  Steffey EP  Mama KR  Rezende ML  Aguiar AJ 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2011,38(4):310-319

ObjectiveTo determine the magnitude and duration of sevoflurane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) reduction following a single intravenous (IV) dose of methadone in cats.Study designProspective experimental study.AnimalsEight (four females and four males) healthy mixed-breed adult (1–2 years) cats weighing 5.82 ± 0.42 kg.MethodsAnesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane. Intravenous catheters facilitated administration of methadone and lactated Ringer’s solution. After baseline MAC determination in triplicate using a tail clamp technique, 0.3 mg kg^?1 of methadone was administered IV. End-tidal sevoflurane concentration (e′SEVO) was reduced and MAC was redetermined. In an effort to determine the duration of MAC reduction, measurements were repeated in a stepwise manner until MAC values returned to baseline. After the last stimulation, the e′SEVO was increased to 1.2 individual MAC for 15 minutes, then sevoflurane was discontinued and cats were allowed to recover from anesthesia.ResultsBaseline sevoflurane MAC was 3.18 ± 0.06%. When compared with baseline the sevoflurane MAC after methadone administration was significantly reduced by 25, 15 and 7% at 26, 76 and 122 minutes, respectively. The final MAC value (3.09 ± 0.07%) determined 156 minutes after methadone administration was not significantly different from baseline.Conclusions and clinical relevanceIntravenous methadone (0.3 mg kg^?1) significantly decreased MAC of sevoflurane in cats but the effect was short-lived.  相似文献   

A combination of methotrimeprazine, midazolam and guaiphenesin, with and without ketamine, in an anaesthetic procedure for horses.     

S P Luna  F Massone  G B Castro  D T Fantoni  C A Hussni  A J Aguiar 《The Veterinary record》1992,131(2):33-35

A combination of 0.5 mg/kg of methotrimeprazine, 0.1 mg/kg of midazolam and 100 mg/kg of a 10 per cent guaiphenesin solution was investigated for the induction of recumbency in 15 horses; the addition of 1.6 mg/kg of ketamine was also evaluated in 15 horses and anaesthesia was maintained with halothane in oxygen. The horses became recumbent quickly and smoothly and they recovered quietly, with little ataxia. Tachycardia occurred after induction, but no other changes from pre-operative values were observed until halothane in oxygen had been given, when hypothermia, hypotension, bradypnoea, hyperoxaemia, respiratory acidosis and decreased respiratory minute volume developed. Horses given ketamine in addition to methotrimeprazine, midazolam and guaiphenesin were easier to intubate and recovered more quickly than horses receiving only methotrimeprazine, midazolam and guaiphenesin.  相似文献   

Prevalence of Sarcocystis neurona and Neospora spp. infection in horses from Brazil based on presence of serum antibodies to parasite surface antigen     

Hoane JS  Gennari SM  Dubey JP  Ribeiro MG  Borges AS  Yai LE  Aguiar DM  Cavalcante GT  Bonesi GL  Howe DK 《Veterinary parasitology》2006,136(2):155-159

Sera from 961 horses from Brazil were tested for antibodies against the major surface antigens SnSAG4 and NhSAG1 to determine the seroprevalence of Sarcocystis neurona and Neospora hughesi, respectively. Antibodies against SnSAG4 were detected in 669 (69.6%) of the horses, while antibodies against NhSAG1 were detected in only 24 (2.5%) of the horses. These serologic results suggest that there is a high concentration of S. neurona in the environment of Brazil, which results in marked exposure of horses to this parasite. Additionally, the data further confirm that infection with Neospora spp. is relatively uncommon in horses.  相似文献   

Biofloc and food contribution to grow‐out and broodstock of Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (Latreille, 1817) determined by stable isotopes and fatty acids          下载免费PDF全文

Eden Magaña‐Gallegos  Rodrigo González‐Zúñiga  Miguel Arevalo  Gerard Cuzon  Elisa Chan‐Vivas  Korinthia López‐Aguiar  Elsa Noreña‐Barroso  Eduardo Pacheco  Manuel Valenzuela  Carlos Maldonado  Gabriela Gaxiola 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(5):1782-1794

The aim of this study was to use the natural dietary markers (stable isotopes and fatty acids) during grow‐out in a biofloc system and for the egg production of Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis shrimp. Egg production was compared for two broodstock origins: biofloc and a wild origin. To delineate the relative contribution to shrimp muscle and eggs, IsoSource software was used. The most important source that contributed to grow‐out shrimp was biofloc ≥250 μm. According to the principal component analysis (PCA) applied to the fatty acid profile of food sources, the first component explains 84.4% of the variability, and the most important source of fatty acids for this component was biofloc ≥250 μm. The most important fresh food sources that contributed to egg production were Artemia biomass, polychaetes and semi‐moist feed for both broodstock origins. According to a PCA analysis of the fatty acid profiles, the most important fresh foods were polychaetes and semi‐moist feed. In conclusion, both isotopic signature and fatty acid profile of the food sources can be used successfully to determine the integration of carbon in the diets of shrimp.  相似文献   

Modification of Cotton Fabrics with Silver Nanoparticles for Use in Conditioner Air to Minimize the Bioaerosol Concentration in Indoor Environments     

de Freitas Rosa  Paula  Aguiar  Mônica Lopes  Bernardo  André 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(7):1-20

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - Sediment losses as concentrations and yields were measured for a year from 12 segments of a newly constructed (buried) natural gas pipeline on the US Forest...  相似文献