Differential distribution and response to experimental sexual maturation of two forms of brain gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the European eel,Anguilla anguilla     

Sylvie Dufour  Maïté Montero  Nadine Le Belle  Marc Bassompierre  Judy A. King  Robert P. Millar  Richard E. Peter  Yves-Alain Fontaine 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):99-106

Using specific radioimmunoassays for the two GnRH molecular forms present in the European eel, Anguilla anguilla, (mGnRH and cGnRH II), we compared their distributions in the pituitary and different parts of the brain of female silver eels, as well as the modifications of their levels in experimentally matured female eels (treated with carp pituitary extract). In control eels, mGnRH levels were higher than cGnRH II levels in the pituitary, olfactory lobes and telencephalon, di- and mesencephalon, while the opposite was found in the posterior part of the brain (met- and myelencephalon). Experimental sexual maturation of the gonads significantly increased mGnRH levels in the pituitary and anterior parts of the brain; such a positive effect was not observed on the low cGnRH II levels, which were, in contrast, reduced. These data indicate that the positive feedback of gonadal hormones on GnRH, that we previously demonstrated, would specifically affect the mGnRH form. The differential distribution and control of mGnRH and cGnRH II suggest that these two forms have different physiological roles in the eel. The large increase in mGnRH during sexual maturation suggests the prime implication of this form in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction.  相似文献   

白斑狗鱼仔、稚鱼的摄食与生长   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

海萨  杜劲松  刘昆仑  韩小丽  刘宏斌 《水利渔业》2006,26(6):40-41,43

对白斑狗鱼(Esox luciusL innaeus)的仔、稚鱼的摄食与生长及不可逆点作了实验研究。结果证明:初孵仔鱼全长7.74±0.56 mm,卵黄囊容量3.81±1.07 mm3。孵化8 d仔鱼开始摄食,以桡足类的剑水蚤为主。11 d仔鱼卵黄囊消失,在仔鱼卵黄囊逐渐被吸收的11 d内,前7 d营内源性营养,后4 d则营混合性营养。17 d内平均日增长率为7.14%。仔鱼全长(L)与日龄(t)的关系为:L=1.0547t 5.8927。孵化后的第8、9、10、11、12、13天的初次摄食率分别为91.30%、100%、100%、100%、69.57%和35.48%;不可逆点(PNR)发生在孵化后的第13天。  相似文献   

Biodiversity,ecology, fisheries,and use and trade of Tetraodontiformes fishes reveal their socio‐ecological significance along the tropical Brazilian continental shelf     

Leandro Nole Eduardo  Arnaud Bertrand  Thierry Frdou  Alex Souza Lira  Rayssa Siqueira Lima  Beatrice Padovani Ferreira  Frdric Menard  Flvia Lucena‐Frdou 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2020,30(4):761-774

1. Tetraodontiformes fishes play a critical role in benthic and demersal communities and are facing threats due to anthropogenic impacts and climate change. However, they are poorly studied worldwide. To improve knowledge on the socio‐ecological significance and conservation of Tetraodontiformes a review of literature addressing the diversity, ecology, use and trade, conservation, and main threats of Tetraodontiformes combined with a comprehensive in situ dataset from two broad‐range multidisciplinary oceanographic surveys performed along the Tropical Brazilian Continental Shelf was undertaken.
2. Twenty‐nine species were identified, being primarily found on coral reefs and algal ecosystems. At these habitats, tetraodontids present highly diversified trophic categories and might play an important role by balancing the marine food web
3. Coral reef ecosystems, especially those near to the shelf break, seem to be the most important areas of Tetraodontiformes fishes, concentrating the highest values of species richness, relative abundance and the uncommon and Near Threatened species.
4. Ninety per cent of species are commonly caught as bycatch, being also used in the ornamental trade (69%) and as food (52%), serving as an important source of income for artisanal local fisheries.
5. Tetraodontiformes are threatened by unregulated fisheries, overexploitation, bycatch, and habitat loss due to coral reef degradation and the potential effects of climate change. These factors are more broadly impacting global biodiversity, food security, and other related ecosystem functions upon which humans and many other organisms rely.
6. We recommend the following steps that could improve the conservation of Tetraodontiformes along the tropical Brazilian Continental shelf and elsewhere: (i) data collection of the commercial, incidental, ornamental and recreational catches; (ii) improvement of the current legislation directed at the marine ornamental harvesting; (iii) increase efforts focused on the education and conservation awareness in coastal tourism and communities; and, most important, (iv) creation of marine reserves networks in priority areas of conservation, protecting either the species and key habitats for its survival.

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Biosynthetic Modularity Rules in the Bisintercalator Family of Antitumor Compounds     

Javier Fernández  Laura Marín  Raquel álvarez-Alonso  Saúl Redondo  Juan Carvajal  Germán Villamizar  Claudio J. Villar  Felipe Lombó 《Marine drugs》2014,12(5):2668-2699

Diverse actinomycetes produce a family of structurally and biosynthetically related non-ribosomal peptide compounds which belong to the chromodepsipeptide family. These compounds act as bisintercalators into the DNA helix. They give rise to antitumor, antiparasitic, antibacterial and antiviral bioactivities. These compounds show a high degree of conserved modularity (chromophores, number and type of amino acids). This modularity and their high sequence similarities at the genetic level imply a common biosynthetic origin for these pathways. Here, we describe insights about rules governing this modular biosynthesis, taking advantage of the fact that nowadays five of these gene clusters have been made public (thiocoraline, triostin, SW-163 and echinomycin/quinomycin). This modularity has potential application for designing and producing novel genetic engineered derivatives, as well as for developing new chemical synthesis strategies. These would facilitate their clinical development.  相似文献   

家庭式微植物工厂监控系统设计          下载免费PDF全文

韩丹  刘华  卫勇  萨良兵 《农业工程》2017,7(4):36-40

为了解决家庭阳台种植作物过程中湿气重、难控制的问题，提出了家庭式微植物工厂。它是密闭式的，利用智能化控制技术使作物进行自我调节，采用层结构设计及配套环境监测装置。监测系统是以无线传感技术、控制技术和多传感器融合技术为核心；以STM32为核心控制单元；以上位机为终端实时显示系统内环境参数的家庭种植环境监控设备。系统实现了微型植物工厂内部温湿度、光照等多个环境因子的实时显示和精确控制，具有较高的实用性。   相似文献   

不同品种紫花苜蓿中总皂苷含量的比较研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

高微微  佟建明  李展  萨仁娜  刘小丽 《中国农学通报》2006,22(2):191-191

采用比色法测定了北京地区栽培不同年限的45个紫花苜蓿品种茎、叶中总皂苷的含量。结果表明，各品种苜蓿叶片中的皂苷含量均高于茎，在不同品种之间存在明显差异。4年生植株中皂苷含量最高的品种“Vernal”为1.174%，最低的品种“Empress”为0.606%；3年生植株中最高的品种“WL442”为1.141%，最低的品种“农保”为0.788%；2年生植株中最高的品种“胜利者”为1.293%，最低的品种“全能”为0.722%。综合比较，含量最低品种与最高的品种相差2.13倍。栽培年限对紫花苜蓿皂苷含量具有一定影响。  相似文献   

施用有机酸和氨基酸对烤烟生长及氮素吸收的影响   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

刘国顺  朱凯  武雪萍  郭桥燕  彭飒 《华北农学报》2004,19(4):51-54

试验结果表明，在营养液中添加适量的有机酸和氨基酸促进了烟株的生长发育和氮代谢。表现在：提高烟株的根系活力和叶绿体色素含量，促进烟株干物质和氮素的积累，不同氨基酸和有机酸作用大小不尽相同。有机酸处理烤烟叶绿体色素前期增加快后期下降也快，而氨基酸处理后期叶绿体色素变化则相对比较缓和；在促进烟株干物质积累和氮素积累方面，有机酸作用高于氨基酸，而对硝酸还原酶活性和氮含量的影响却低于氨基酸。从整体上看，有机酸对促进烟株生长和氮素积累的效果好于氨基酸。  相似文献   

MIOR: an individual-based model for simulating the spatial patterns of soil organic matter microbial decomposition   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

D. Masse  C. Cambier    A. Brauman    S. Sall    K. Assigbetse  & J.-L. Chotte 《European Journal of Soil Science》2007,58(5):1127-1135

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Rapid, Micro-Methods to Estimate Plant Silicon Content by Dilute Hydrofluoric Acid Extraction and Spectrometric Molybdenum Method     

Kimio Saito  Akiko Yamamoto  Tongmin Sa  Masahiko Saigusa 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(1):29-36

By treating 0.5 g DW of a plant sample directly with 10 ml of a dilute hydrofluoric acid solution (HF solution, 1.5 M HF—0.6 M HCl), all the silica in plant (as much as 150 mg SiO₂) was dissolved within 1 h. After dilution of the extract with 40 mL of distilled water, the silica in the extract was measured by the spectrometric molybdenum yellow method. The molybdenum yellow method, in which silica in 0.1 mL of the diluted extract can be determined in 8 min, is well suited to rapid, micro-estimations of the silica content in plants. In the micro-modification, the size of the plant sample was reduced to 100 mg DW. The analytical procedure was simple, and the analytical time was less than 2 h. The method can save much labor and time, compared with the gravimetric analysis. The dissolution with HF solution and the molybdenum yellow method were also applied to the measurement of the content of silica separated by acid digestion of rice plants. Excellent agreement in the silica measurement of rice plants was confirmed among the direct extraction method, the gravimetric method and the digestion-separation-dissolution method. In the molybdenum yellow method, the addition of boric acid enabled to mask the interference of hydrofluoric acid, and the least amount of citric acid required for the elimination of phosphorus interference was proposed. In conclusion in this report, recommended methods for the rapid estimation of the silica content in rice plants were presented.  相似文献   

Quantitative determination of sulfur-containing wine odorants at sub parts per billion levels. 2. Development and application of a stable isotope dilution assay     

Schneider R  Kotseridis Y  Ray JL  Augier C  Baumes R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(11):3243-3248

[(2)H(10)]-4-Mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one (d(10)-1), [(2)H(2)]-3-mercaptohexan-1-ol (d(2)-2), and [(2)H(5)]-3-mercaptohex-1-yl acetate (d(5)-3), deuterated analogues of impact odorants of wines, were used to determine quantitatively the natural compounds in white wines (Muscadet, Sauvignon, and Bacchus) with a stable isotope dilution assay using gas chromatography coupled either with ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (GC-ITMS-MS) or with atomic emission detection monitored on sulfur-selective acquisition (GC-AED). The thiol compounds were recovered from wines by liquid-liquid extraction, then purified from the wine extracts by covalent chromatography, and analyzed. The quantitative determination of 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one 1 in the wines that were analyzed was performed better with GC-AED than with GC-ITMS-MS under the conditions that were used. However, the detection limit of the method was higher than the odor threshold of 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one 1 in wine (5 vs 0.8 ng/L). The levels of this compound in the Sauvignon and Bacchus wines were much higher than its odor threshold, but it was not detectable in the Muscadet wines. On the contrary, GC-ITMS-MS was much more sensitive than GC-AED for detection of 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol 2 and 3-mercaptohex-1-yl acetate 3, and the detection limits were much lower than their odor thresholds in wine. The former compound was detected in all of the Muscadet wines that were analyzed at levels always higher than its odor detection threshold, while the latter occurred at levels higher than its odor threshold in only one Muscadet wine.  相似文献