Development and applicability of GBS approach for genomic studies in Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.)     

Juan Alfonso Salazar  Igor Pacheco  Claudia Silva  Patricio Zapata  Paulina Shinya  David Ruiz 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2019,94(3):284-294

Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) provides a large quantity of useful data suitable for the identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), facilitating accurate genomic studies in plant species. In this study, GBS-based SNPs were used to characterise 11 Japanese plum cultivars and to explore their natural allelic diversity in relation to the most important phenology events (flowering date, ripening date and fruit development period) and fruit quality traits (weight, shape, skin and flesh colour, over colour, skin and flesh chlorophyll index, flesh firmness and soluble solids concentration). GBS-based SNPs were shown to be a powerful tool for genetic diversity and other genomic studies where SNP markers were related to several traits, particularly for flowering date, ripening date, fruit development period, skin chlorophyll degradation, flesh chlorophyll degradation and flesh colour. These results represent a preliminary approach using GBS as a possible breeding tool in current and new Japanese plum breeding programmes.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the DRAINMOD-N II model for predicting nitrogen losses in a loamy sand under cultivation in south-east Sweden     

Osvaldo Salazar  Ingrid Wesström  R. Wayne Skaggs 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(2):267-281

The DRAINMOD-N II model (version 6.0) was evaluated for a cold region in south-east Sweden. The model was field-tested using four periods between 2002 and 2004 of climate, soil, hydrology and water quality data from three experimental plots, planted to a winter wheat-sugarbeet-barley-barley crop rotation and managed using conventional and controlled drainage. DRAINMOD-N II was calibrated using data from a conventional drainage plot, while data sets from two controlled drainage plots were used for model validation. The model was statistically evaluated by comparing simulated and measured drain flows and nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N) losses in subsurface drains. Soil mineral nitrogen (N) content was used to evaluate simulated N dynamics. Observed and predicted NO₃-N losses in subsurface drains were in satisfactory agreement. The mean absolute error (MAE) in predicting NO₃-N drainage losses was 0.16 kg N ha⁻¹ for the calibration plot and 0.21 and 0.30 kg N ha⁻¹ for the two validation plots. For the simulation period, the modelling efficiency (E) was 0.89 for the calibration plot and 0.49 and 0.55 for the validation plots. The overall index of agreement (d) was 0.98 for the calibration plot and 0.79 and 0.80 for the validation plots. These results show that DRAINMOD-N II is applicable for predicting NO₃-N losses from drained soil under cold conditions in south-east Sweden.  相似文献   

High-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of biogenic amines in feedstuffs, complete feeds, and animal tissues     

Salazar MT  Smith TK  Harris A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(5):1708-1712

Numerous methods to analyze biogenic amines in biological materials have been described. A versatile and rapid methodology to analyze these compounds in feedstuffs, complete feeds, and animal tissues, however, has not been reported. The current method was developed to address this need. Biogenic amines in feedstuffs, complete animal feeds, and animal tissues were extracted with 10% trichloroacetic acid, reacted with O-phthaladehyde using high-performance liquid chromatographic employing a cation exchange column. Detection limits were 50 pmol/mL for tyramine, histamine, putrescine, and spermine; 40 pmol/mL for cadaverine; and 25 pmol/mL for spermidine. Extraction efficiency of biogenic amines in feedstuffs, duodenum, liver, ileum + jejunum, and whole shrimp and shrimp hepatopancreas ranged between 99-105, 93-135, 80-85, 65-102, 88-98, and 88-97%, respectively. It can be concluded that the current method can be applied to individual feedstuffs, complete feeds, and animal tissues for the rapid and accurate determination of concentration of biogenic amines.  相似文献   

Scorpion toxins modify phytopathogenic fungus physiology. A possible source of new fungicides     

Joya G  D'Suze G  Salazar V  Rosales A  Sevcik C  Visbal G  Ferreira AT  Perales J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(11):6327-6337

Seven toxins (F1-F7) were purified from Tityus discrepans scorpion venom on a C18 HPLC column. The compounds were fungitoxic on Macrophomina phaseolina. The molecular masses of F1-F7 were (Da) 1061.1, 7328.8, 7288.3, 7268.5, 7104.6, 6924.6, and 6823.3, respectively. It is not known if F1 is a small peptide or some other kind of organic molecule. Compounds F2-F7 were peptides. The most potent was F7, with a minimal inhibition concentration of 0.4 μg/μL and a concentration for 50% inhibition of 0.13 μg/μL. Fungal esterase activity was abolished by F2, F3, and F5 and inhibited by 89, 60, 58, and 54% by F4, F6, F7, and F1, respectively. F1, F2, F5, and F7 induced an increase on hyphae chitin wall and septum thickness. Peptides F3-F6 induced efflux of the fluorescent dye Na-CoroNa Red complex from hyphae. Only F5 and F6 were inhibited by the prokaryote sodium channel blockers amiloride and mibefradil. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis suggested that F1, F5, F6, and F7 altered sterol biosynthesis either by inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis or by producing ergosterol analogues. The peptides affect M. phaseolina viability by three mechanisms: decreasing esterase activity, altering Na(+) membrane permeability, and altering wall sterol biosynthesis. It seems that interfering with sterol synthesis is an important mechanism behind the effect of the fungicideal toxins. However, the antifungal effects at short times are indicative of a direct esterase inhibition, which, with the increased membrane leakiness to Na(+), makes the fungus inviable.  相似文献   

Membrane Lipids of the Stallion Spermatozoon in Relation to Sperm Quality and Susceptibility to Lipid Peroxidation     

B Macías García  L González Fernández  C Ortega Ferrusola  C Salazar‐Sandoval  A Morillo Rodríguez  H Rodríguez Martinez  JA Tapia  D Morcuende  FJ Peña 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(1):141-148

Lipids were extracted from ejaculated spermatozoa from seven individual stallions to distinguish neutral lipids (NL) and polar lipids (PL) and determine their variation among stallions and their relationship with sperm quality and sperm susceptibility to lipid peroxidation. The isolated fatty acids were correlated with sperm quality (membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and expression of active caspases) and the sensitivity of the sperm plasma membrane to LPO. The miristic (C14: 0), palmitic (C16: 0), stearic (C18: 0) and oleic (C18: 1n9) acids were predominant among the NLs. Within the phospholipid fraction, the docosapentanoic acid (C22: 5n6) was dominant, albeit varying among stallions. Surprisingly, the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids was positively correlated with sperm quality and a low propensity for LPO, probably because these particular fatty acids provide a higher fluidity of the plasma membrane. The stallion showing the poorest sperm membrane integrity plus a high level of LPO in his ejaculate had a lower percentage (p < 0.05) of this fatty acid in his sperm plasma membranes.  相似文献   

In Vitro Cytochrome P450 2E1 and 2A Activities in the Presence of Testicular Steroids     

MK Rasmussen  G Zamaratskaia  B Ekstrand 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(1):149-154

Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and 2A (CYP2A) are the main enzymes involved in the metabolism of skatole in pigs. In this study, physiological concentrations of androstenone, 17β‐oestradiol and testosterone were tested for their ability to regulate CYP2E1 and CYP2A activity in liver microsomes isolated from entire male and female pigs as well as in microsomes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing either human recombinant CYP2E1 or CYP2A6. We found that physiological concentrations of androstenone and oestradiol had the ability to inhibit CYP2E1 activity. The magnitude of this inhibition (approximately 30%) was similar in recombinant human CYP2E1 and microsomes from entire male pigs. This inhibition was only seen when adding the steroid to the assay 15 min before the substrate. Interestingly, CYP2E1 activity in the microsomes from female pigs was not affected. None of the investigated steroids modified the activity of recombinant human CYP2A6. However, CYP2A activity was slightly increased in the microsomes from female pigs in the presence of oestradiol, but the magnitude of this increase was very low (below 10%) and probably irrelevant. Overall, these results indicate that physiological concentrations of androstenone and oestradiol have a potential to inhibit CYP2E1 activities in vitro, and that this inhibition is gender‐specific. Further studies are needed to investigate the biochemical mechanisms underlying those differences between the genders.  相似文献   

Crop-tree interactions in alley cropping systems on alluvial soils of the Upper Amazon Basin   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

A. Salazar  L. T. Szott  C. A. Palm 《Agroforestry Systems》1993,22(1):67-82

A crop/hedgerow interface design was used to test three leguminous species,Inga edulis, Leucaena leucocephala andErythrina sp., for their potential use for alley cropping on alluvial soils in the upper Amazon Basin. Prunings were applied as mulch at three rates 0, 3.3 and 6.7 Mg dry matter/ha/crop. Competition, crop yields, nutrient budgets, and weed control were monitored for three consecutive crops of upland rice. Crop yield reductions were evident up to 1.5 m from each of the hedgerow species, but were more pronounced withLeucaena hedgerows. Additional mulch was able to compensate for these reduced yields close to the hedges inLeucaena leucocephala andErythrina but not inInga edulis systems. In general rice yields were higher withLeucaena leucocephala andErythrina mulch as compared toInga mulch, perhaps because of higher levels of available N provided by the rapidly decomposing leaves ofLeucaena leucocephala andErythrina sp. as compared toInga. Weed control was greater, however, with the slowly decomposingInga mulch. For all three hedgerow/crop systems there was a net export of P from the system which was exhibited by declining soil P levels and decreasing crop yields.

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Resumen Un diseño de interfase cultivo/hilera de árboles se uso para ensayar tres especies leguminosas:Inga edulis, Leucaena leucocephala, y Erythrina sp. con el propósito de conocer su potencial para ser usadas en cultivos en callejones en suelos aluviales de la parte alta de la cuenca amazónica. Se aplicaron podas en 3 cantidades, 0. 3.3, y 6.7 Mg ha^–1 por cultivo. El efecto de competencia, rendimiento del cultivo, balance de nutrientes y control de malezas fueron medidos durante tres cultivos consecutivos de arroz de altura. Reductiones en el rendimiento del cultivo fueron evidenctes hasta 1.5 m de distancia de las hileras de árboles, las reducciones fueron mayores con hileras deLeucaena eInga. Incrementos de las cantidades de podas aplicada fueron capaces de incrementar los rendimientos cerca de las hileras deLeuceana leucocephala yErythrina pero no deInga. En general los rendimientos de arroz fueron más altos con podas deLeucaena yErythrina en comparación con podas deInga, debido quizás a los niveles más altos de nitrógeno disponible proveído por las podas deLeucaena yErythrina, que son de más rápida descomposición. Para las 3 especies estudiadas en interfase, hubo una exportación neta de nutrientes con el grano y rastrojo de arroz que se observó en el declinar de los niveles de P en el suelo y en el declinar de los rendimientos.

  相似文献   

Conservation of threatened species in the Galapagos Marine Reserve through identification and protection of marine key biodiversity areas     

Graham J. Edgar  Stuart Banks  Robert Bensted‐Smith  Monica Calvopiña  Angel Chiriboga  Lauren E. Garske  Scott Henderson  Kathy Ann Miller  Sandie Salazar 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2008,18(6):955-968

• 1. The Galapagos Marine Reserve provides refuge for numerous threatened marine species, including 16 mammals, birds, reptiles and fish currently recognized on the 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, plus an additional 25 endemic fish, mollusc, crustacean, echinoderm, coral and macroalgal species that comply with threatened species criteria because of declining extent of occurrence or highly‐localized ranges, and hence also qualify for inclusion on the Red List.
• 2. Threatened marine species with restricted ranges are not randomly distributed across the archipelago but tend to co‐occur at a limited number of sites that are predominantly located in the west. Sites at which threatened species are known to persist, particularly those with a large proportion of the global population, are here identified as sites of global conservation significance — key biodiversity areas.
• 3. The majority (27) of the 38 inshore key biodiversity areas identified are currently protected from fishing because they lie within the 17% of coastal waters that is zoned as ‘no‐take’ tourism or conservation zones. All key biodiversity areas should be protected from extractive exploitation if threatened species are to be safeguarded. This can be achieved, at the minimum, through a relatively minor amendment to the existing marine zoning scheme, whereby an additional 2% of the coastline is dedicated to conservation.

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

NASH技术和R-PAGE技术在马铃薯类病毒检测上的应用   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

吕典秋  李学湛  白艳菊  何云霞  张儒喜  王毅  L.Salazar 《东北农业大学学报》2003,34(1):15-18

往复聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (R- PAGE)和核酸斑点杂交技术 (NASH)是检测马铃薯块茎类病毒(PSTVd)的主要技术 ,利用这两种方法 ,进行马铃薯脱毒试管苗的类病毒检测。结果表明 ,两种方法得到了相似的检测结果。通过试验 ,比较两种检测方法在检测灵敏度、操作性、检测量等方面的优缺点和可行性。NASH方法具有较高的灵敏性 ,适合大批量样品检测和异地取样。而 R- PAGE可区分类病毒的强弱系 ,对试验条件和技术条件要求低于 NASH方法  相似文献   

Regional origin assignment of red wines from Valencia (Spain) by (2)H NMR and (13)C IRMS stable isotope analysis of fermentative ethanol.     

J E Giménez-Miralles  D M Salazar  I Solana 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(7):2645-2652

The use of the stable hydrogen and carbon isotope ratios of fermentative ethanol as suitable environmental fingerprints for the regional origin identification of red wines from Valencia (Spain) has been explored. Monovarietal Vitis vinifera L. cvs. Bobal, Tempranillo, and Monastrell wines have been investigated by (2)H NMR and (13)C IRMS for the natural ranges of site-specific (2)H/(1)H ratios and global delta(13)C values of ethanol over three vintage years. Statistically significant interregional and interannual (2)H and (13)C abundance differences have been noticed, which are interpreted in terms of environmental and ecophysiological factors of isotope content variation. Multivariate discriminant analysis is shown to provide a convenient means for integration of the classifying information, high discriminating abilities being demonstrated for the (2)H and (13)C fingerprints of ethanol. Reasonable differentiation results are achieved at a microregional scale in terms of geographic provenance and even grapevine genotypic features.  相似文献