The use of Bacillus thuringiensis to control two lepidopterous insect pests (Agrotis ypsilon and Spodoptera littoralis)     

H. S. Salama  F. N. Zaki  S. Salem  M. Ragaei 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》1995,68(1):15-17

An area of 50 feddans cultivated with soybeans was treated withBacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) baits againstAgrotis ypsilon and 60 feddans were sprayed withB.t. spray againstSpodoptera littoralis. WhenB.t. baits were used, the percentage of kill ofA. ypsilon reached 96.1–96.4% compared to 97.4–98% kill on using hostathion baits. WhenB.t. was sprayed againstS. littoralis, a percentage of larval kill 88.3% was obtained. This increased to 97.3% after the second application. On the other hand, the precentage of kill reached 96.8% when lannate was sprayed once. The average yield was 1.54 tons/fed. whenB.t. was sprayed twice againstS. littoralis and 1.42 tons/fed. when sprayed once. Areas, treated with lannate gave 1.44 tons/fed., while in the untreated area the yield was comparatively low being 0.83 tons/fed.Mith 4 tables  相似文献   

Public health importance of buffaloes and cows udder tissues.     

E Elmossalami  A Salem  M Hamdy 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1976,23(7):529-535

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Bio-efficacy of two bacterial insecticide strains ofBacillus thuringiensis as a biological control agent in comparison with a nematicide,nemacur, on certain parasitic nematoda     

Dr. G. Y. Osman  F. M. Salem  A. Ghattas 《Journal of pest science》1988,61(2):35-37

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the possibility use of commercial bacterial pathogen insecticide,Bacillus thuringiensis, as biocontrol agent againstMeloidogyne javanica andTylenchulus semipenetrans nematodes.The obtained results indicate that the two strains ofB. thuringiensis suppressed the total nematode populations and eggmasses of the two nematode genera. Also, the two strains ofBacillus remarkably reduced the percentages of hatchability of eggs of the two nematode genera. SAN 415Bacillus strain was highly effective than Dipel strain and surpassed it in this respect, but it was approximately similar to the standard nematicide Nemacur.

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Zusammenfassung Es wurde ein Gewächshaus-Versuch durchgeführt zur Untersuchung der Möglichkeit,Meloidogyne javanica undTylenchus semipenetrans (Nematoda) mittelsBac. thuringiensis biologisch zu bekämpfen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daßB. thuringiensis die Eigelege und die Populationsdichte beider Nematoden stark reduzierte. Auch wurde die Schlüpflähigkeit der Eier beider Nematodenarten durch Anwendung der zweiBacillus-Präparate deutlich verringert. Der SANBacillus-Stamm zeigte höhere, Wirkung als Dipel und entsprach etwa dem Standard-Nematizid Nemacur.

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With 2 tables  相似文献   

Biological control study onTylenchulus semipenetrans (Cobb) (Nematodes) by certain soil mesofauna     

Dr. G. Y. Osman  A. M. Zaki  F. M. Salem  E. T. E. Darwish 《Journal of pest science》1988,61(6):116-118

Pot experiments were carried out to explore the role of macrochilid mites,Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Scop.), and staphylinid beetles,Philonthus longicornis Steph. and collembola,Onychiurus sp. singly and in combination onTylenchulus semipenetrans (Cobb) on sour orange at 29±5°C 74±5% R. H. in green house. All tested soil mesofauna significantly reduced the population of the nematode. The highest predation rate was achieved by the predator mite,M. muscaedomesticae (Scop.) singly, followed by the combination of soil mite plus collembola. The numbers of soil mesofauna recovered from soil at the end of the experiment were significantly higher in treatments of nematode plus one of each of soil mesofauna than monoinoculation of each.  相似文献   

Wirkungen des Wachstumsregulators Cycocel auf Tomatensämlinge und deren Befall durch den Wurzelnematoden Meloidogyne javanica (Treub)     

Dr. F. M. Salem  Dr. A. A. Midan 《Journal of pest science》1980,53(11):169-170

Cycocel, was evaluated at three different doses 500, 1,000 and 1,500 ppm achieving its effect on tomato phytotoxicity and growth in relation to root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne javanica, tomato infection. The results indicated that using 500 ppm of Cycocel was the optimum where no phytotoxic effects or reduction on plant growth were noticed at all. In addition, percentages of infected plants withM. javanica and numbers of galls per root were greatly decreased. Also, a great reduction was detected in nematode population. Increasing Cycocel concentration was parallel to the increase in phytotoxicity and decreasing of tomato growth was noticed.  相似文献   

Response of tylenchulus semipenetrans to plant hormone,Giberellic acid and nematicide,Aldicarb singly and in combination     

Dr. G. Y. Osman  F. M. Salem 《Journal of pest science》1994,67(5):94-96

Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of Aldicarb and Giberellic acid singly and in combination for controllingTylenchulus semipenetrans nematode, infectingCitrus sinensis var.Balady, in relation to its growth and yield Plant hormone, Giberellic acid and nematicide, Aldicarb and their combination significantly suppressedT. semipenetrans population in both soil and roots of Balady orange one and two months post application, and increased its growth and yield than that of control. The combination of Aldicarb and Giberellic acid proved good control of citrus nematode and caused subsequent increase in the growth and yield of orange tress more than the application of these chemicals alone. Yield of citrus per tree increased by up to 18.4, 17.8 and 43.6% over untreated control for treated trees with Aldicarb, Giberellic acid and their combination, respectively. The hatchability ofT. semipenetrans eggs was highly suppressed by Aldicarb and its combination with Giberellic acid. On the contrary, Giberellic acid alone did not affect the egg hatching.  相似文献   

Beziehungen zwischen der Anwendungsmethode und der Wirkung des Nematizids Nemacur gegen Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) in Tomatenwurzeln     

Dr. F. M. Salem 《Journal of pest science》1979,52(1):13-14

Granular organophosphate nematicide, Nemacur 5% G was tested againstMeloidogyne javanica in tomato roots in sandy clay-loam soil at the rate of 1,5 kg a.i./feddan under three different methods of application. Results indicated that applying half of the nematicide dose two weeks pre-transplanting and the rest at transplanting time was the best method tested based on percent suppression in nematode population. Not much worse results gave the applying of all the nematicide dose simultaneously at transplanting. The effect was essential smaller when the half of the nematicide was given at transplanting time and the rest dose followed two weeks later.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary orange peel on growth performance,antioxidant activity,intestinal microbiota and liver histology of Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) larvae     

Mohamed El‐S. Salem  Heba M. Abdel‐Ghany  Ahmed E. Sallam  Mohamed M. M. El‐Feky  Hebatollah M. Almisherfi 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(5):1087-1097

This study investigated the effects of dietary orange peel (OP) on growth performance, feed utilization, antioxidant activity, intestinal microbiota and liver histology of Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) larvae (0.32 ± 0.01 g/fish) (mean ± SD). Fish fed iso‐nitrogenous (480 g/kg protein) and iso‐energetic (23 MJ/kg) diets supplemented with OP at concentrations of 0, 1, 3 or 5 g/kg diet, for 60 days. Growth performance and feed utilization parameters were significantly improved by the elevation of dietary OP level, and the optimum level was 5 g/kg diet. The maximum activity of the total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, alkaline phosphatase enzyme and malondialdehyde in the liver was found at 5.5, 4.6, 3.4, 2.9, 3.7 and 3.8 g OP/kg diet, respectively. All tested bacteria (Staphylococcus spp., Vibrio spp. and Salmonela spp) and total bacterial count decreased significantly in the gut of fish fed high levels of OP (3.0 or 5.0 g/kg). No differences were found in the liver histo‐architecture among treatments after 60 days feeding on OP diets. In summary, dietary OP improved growth rate, antioxidant activity and intestinal microbiota of S. aurata larvae with an optimum range from 2.9 to 5.5 g/kg diet.  相似文献   

Utilization ofBacillus thuringiensis to controlSpodoptera littoralis in Egyptian clover fields     

H. S. Salama  F. N. Zaki  S. A. Salem  M. S. Foda 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》1999,28(4):21-23

The efficacy of the commercial product Dipel 2X (Bacillus thuringiensis var.kurstaki), was assessed as a biological control means of the cotton leaf wormSpodoptera littoralis attacking clover cultivations (Trifolium alexandrinum) in Egypt. Field experiments using the biological agent were carried out in two localities as compared with the conventional chemical insecticide lannate. The percentage of reduction in the larval population increased at higher doses ofB. t. and the infestation levels reached very low levels, almost similar to those obtained after using lannate. The yield of the first cut of clover was estimated. The data obtained indicate that the yield significantly increased after treatment with eitherB. t. or lannate. In Menoufia, the yield was significantly higher after two successive spray applications withB. t. at 750 g/f compared to that obtained withB. t. when used at 500 g/f. In Giza Governorate, the yield was slightly higher after a single treatment withB. t. at 500 g/f as compared with lannate.  相似文献   

EST-SSR based estimates on functional genetic variation in a barley (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hordeum vulgare</Emphasis> L.) collection from Egypt     

Khaled F. M. Salem  Rajeev K. Varshney  Marion S. Röder  Andreas Börner 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2010,57(4):515-521

Genetic diversity was investigated in a set of 27 barley genotypes, originated from Egypt, using 23 expressed sequence tag (EST)-derived simple sequence repeats (eSSRs), representatives of the seven barley chromosomes. Ninety-five alleles were detected among all the barley accessions. For 22 polymorphic eSSRs, the number of alleles per locus varied from 2 to 12, with a mean of 4.318 alleles per locus. The lowest and the largest number of alleles per locus among the seven homeologous groups was observed in homeologous group 5H and 4H with 3.00 and 6.33, respectively. The gene diversity increased as the number of alleles increased. Gene diversity for 22 ESTs loci varied from 0.137 for GBM1404 to 0.896 for GBM1015 with an average of 0.563. A significant correlation coefficient between gene diversity and the number of alleles was high, r = 0.741 (P < 0.01). Cluster analysis was conducted based on eSSRs data to group the barley genotypes and to construct a dendrogram. Four groups can be distinguished by truncating the dendrogram at gs value of 0.77.  相似文献