Effect of environmental conditions on the seasonal and inter‐annual variability of small pelagic fish abundance off North‐West Africa: The case of both Senegalese sardinella          下载免费PDF全文

Modou Thiaw  Pierre‐Amaël Auger  Fambaye Ngom  Timothée Brochier  Saliou Faye  Ousmane Diankha  Patrice Brehmer 《Fisheries Oceanography》2017,26(5):583-601

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of environmental variations on the abundance of Sardinella aurita and Sardinella maderensis in Senegalese waters in the upwelling system. Monthly data indicating the abundance of sardinella were first estimated from commercial statistics, using Generalized Linear Model from 1966 to 2011. Abundance indices (AIs) were then compared with environmental indices, at the local scale, a Coastal Upwelling Index (CUI) and a coastal Sea Surface Temperature (SST) index, and on a large scale, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the Multivariate El Niño Southern Oscillation Index (MEI), using correlations and times series analyses. The results showed that the abundance of sardinella is determined by a strong seasonal pattern and inter‐annual fluctuations. The abundance of S. aurita peaked in spring and in autumn, whereas that of S. maderensis peaked in the warm season (July–September). The trend of the sardinella abundance was significantly correlated with the CUI, especially in autumn and spring. Interannual fluctuations of S. maderensis and S. aurita abundance are, respectively, driven by the precocity and the duration of the upwelling season that is attributed to distinct migration patterns. Both sardinella species also respond with a delay of around 4 years to the winter NAO index and the autumn CUI, and the AMO index, respectively, both related to migration patterns. The wide variations in sardinella biomass are caused by variations in environmental conditions, which should be considered in the implementation of an ecosystem‐based approach in sardinella stocks management.  相似文献   

Protective Effect of a Non-Bacteriocinogenic Lactococcus piscium CNCM I-4031 Strain Against Listeria monocytogenes in Sterilized Tropical Cooked Peeled Shrimp     

Papa Abdoulaye Fall  Françoise Leroi  Frédérique Chevalier  Camille Guérin 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(2):84-92

The protective activity of a non-bacteriocinogenic Lactococcus piscium CNCM I-4031 strain against Listeria monocytogenes was investigated in tropical cooked peeled shrimp stored at 8°C in modified atmosphere packaging (50% N₂–50% CO₂). When inoculated alone (L. piscium 10⁷ CFU g^?1 and L. monocytogenes 10⁴ CFU g^?1), protective culture and target strain grew very well on shrimp reaching a maximum cell number of 10⁹ CFU g^?1 after 7 and 14 days, respectively. In the presence of L. piscium, growth of L. monocytogenes was totally prevented after 3 days of storage. The count was 3.4 log CFU g^?1 lower than in the control after 10 days and until the end of storage (31 days). Using the Seafood Spoilage and Safety Predictor Software (http://sssp.dtuaqua.dk), it was shown that pH decrease from 6.58 to 5.94 and lactic acid concentration of 89.65 mM measured in the co-inoculated batch did not fully explain the inhibition observed.  相似文献   

Why are rural Indian women so thin? Findings from a village in Maharashtra     

Chorghade GP  Barker M  Kanade S  Fall CH 《Public health nutrition》2006,9(1):9-18

OBJECTIVE: To identify social, behavioural and cultural factors that explain the thinness of young women relative to their men in rural Maharashtra, India. DESIGN: Twelve focus group discussions were conducted to explore the villagers' understanding of why women in their area might be thinner than men. SETTING: Pabal village and surrounding hamlets, in the Pune district of Maharashtra, India. SUBJECTS: Samples of young mothers and fathers, grandmothers and grandfathers were selected from families in the village with children below 10 years of age. RESULTS: Four factors were identified that the villagers felt contributed to the disparity in thinness. First, marriage isolated girls from their own families and villages, and brought the expectation of early motherhood. Young brides were often unable to relax and eat adequately. Second, marriage increased the workload of young women. They were expected to do the heaviest household chores as well as farm work in this predominantly agricultural community. Third, women had no financial autonomy or freedom of movement, and were therefore denied access to supplementary food sources available to men. Fourth, young women felt responsible for their household's health and success. They were encouraged to fast regularly to ensure this. Despite feeling responsible, young women had no control over factors that might affect the household's well being. This made them anxious and worried a great deal of the time. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions to improve the nutritional status of young women in this region need to recognise the roles and responsibilities taken up by young brides.  相似文献   

Influence of fire regimes on lodgepole pine stand age and density across the Yellowstone National Park (USA) landscape     

Tania Schoennagel  Monica G. Turner  Daniel M. Kashian  Andrew Fall 《Landscape Ecology》2006,21(8):1281-1296

A probabilistic spatial model was created based on empirical data to examine the influence of different fire regimes on stand structure of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) forests across a >500,000-ha landscape in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA. We asked how variation in the frequency of large fire events affects (1) the mean and annual variability of age and tree density (defined by postfire sapling density and subsequent stand density) of lodgepole pine stands and (2) the spatial pattern of stand age and density across the landscape. The model incorporates spatial and temporal variation in fire and serotiny in predicting postfire sapling densities of lodgepole pine. Empirical self-thinning and in-filling curves alter initital postfire sapling densities over decades to centuries. In response to a six-fold increase in the probability of large fires (0.003 to 0.018 year⁻¹), mean stand age declined from 291 to 121 years. Mean stand density did not increase appreciably at high elevations (1,029 to 1,249 stems ha⁻¹) where serotiny was low and postfire sapling density was relatively low (1,252 to 2,203 stems ha⁻¹). At low elevations, where prefire serotiny and postfire lodgepole pine density are high, mean stand densities increased from 2,807 to 7,664 stems ha⁻¹. Spatially, the patterns of stand age became more simplified across the landscape, yet patterns of stand density became more complex. In response to more frequent stand replacing fires, very high annual variability in postfire sapling density is expected, with higher means and greater variation in stand density across lodgepole pine landscapes, especially in the few decades following large fires.  相似文献   

Landscape pattern in topographically complex landscapes: issues and techniques for analysis   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

Dorner  Brigitte  Lertzman  Ken  Fall  Joseph 《Landscape Ecology》2002,17(8):729-743

Ecological research provides ample evidence that topography can exert a significant influence on the processes shaping broad-scale landscape vegetation patterns. Studies that ignore this influence run the risk of misinterpreting observations and making inappropriate recommendations to the management community. Unfortunately, the standard methods for landscape pattern analysis are not designed to include topography as a pattern-shaping factor. In this paper, we present a set of techniques designed to incorporate the topographic mosaic into analyses of landscape pattern and dynamics. This toolbox includes adjustments to classic landscape indices that account for non-uniform landscape topography, indices that capture associations and directionality in vegetation pattern due to topographic structure, and the application of statistical models to describe relationships between topographic characteristics and vegetation pattern. To illustrate these methods, we draw on examples from our own analysis of landscape pattern dynamics in logged and unlogged forest landscapes in southwestern British Columbia. These examples also serve to illustrate the importance of considering topography in both research and management applications.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

African horse sickness in Senegal: serotype identification and nucleotide sequence determination of segment S10 by RT-PCR     

Sailleau C  Seignot J  Davoust B  Cardinale E  Fall B  Hamblin C  Zientara S 《The Veterinary record》2000,146(4):107-108

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Lifestyle risk factors for progesterone-related diabetes mellitus in elkhounds - a case-control study     

Wejdmark AK  Bonnett B  Hedhammar A  Fall T 《The Journal of small animal practice》2011,52(5):240-245

Objectives : This study aims to investigate lifestyle risk factors for the development of progesterone‐related diabetes mellitus in female elkhounds. Methods : Owners of 48 diabetic elkhounds and 58 healthy elkhounds were interviewed by phone concerning lifetime diet and exercise routines. A logistic model was developed to assess the impact of diet and exercise on diabetes diagnosis. The agreement between lifetime owner‐perceived body condition score (BCS) and veterinary‐perceived BCS at inclusion was estimated in healthy control dogs using the Kappa statistic. Results : The model showed that diabetic dogs had increased odds for having been overweight (before diagnosis) compared with controls (OR=2·8, 95% confidence interval 1·1–7·5, P=0·034). Although feeding other food than commercial dog feed was associated with diabetes case status, the effect was not significant after BCS was entered into the model. The overall agreement between lifetime owner‐ and veterinary‐perceived BCS at inclusion in the study was 75% and had a Kappa statistic of 0·16 (P=0·12). Clinical Significance : This study indicates that a high owner‐perceived lifetime BCS is associated with progesterone‐related diabetes in elkhounds.  相似文献   

Validation of a species-optimized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determination of serum concentrations of insulin in dogs     

Oberg J  Fall T  Lilliehöök I 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2011,40(1):66-73

Background: Measurement of canine serum insulin has relied on methods developed to measure human insulin. A species‐optimized test for measurement of serum insulin in dogs is now commercially available. Objective: The purpose of this study was to validate the canine ELISA for determination of serum insulin concentration in dogs. Methods: Precision was determined by evaluating intra‐ and interassay coefficient of variation (CV), and accuracy was determined by dilution and spike recovery studies. A method comparison study with samples from 34 clinically healthy dogs and 73 dogs examined for various illnesses and disorders (“patients”) was performed using the canine ELISA and an ELISA for human insulin. Biologic relevance of the canine assay was evaluated by measuring insulin in samples collected from 8 healthy dogs after administration of glucagon. A stability study was preformed with 6 samples stored at 20°C, 4–8°C, and ?20°C. Results: For the canine ELISA, intra‐ and interassay CVs were 4.3–7.8% and 4.4–7.7%, respectively. Mean recovery after dilution was 99% and recovery after spiking with porcine insulin was 116%. The canine and human ELISAs correlated well (r²=.94 for healthy dogs, r²=.88 for patient samples). After glucagon injection serum insulin concentrations increased significantly in 8 dogs. Insulin was stable for 30 days in 6 serum samples stored at ?20°C and in most samples for 8 days at 4–8°C. Insulin was stable for <3 days at room temperature (20°C). Conclusions: The new canine serum insulin ELISA had good precision and accuracy and correlated well with the previously used assay.  相似文献   

Diabetes mellitus in a population of 180,000 insured dogs: incidence, survival, and breed distribution   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Fall T  Hamlin HH  Hedhammar A  Kämpe O  Egenvall A 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2007,21(6):1209-1216

BACKGROUND: Canine diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrinopathy with an unclear etiology. For a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms, there is a need for comprehensive epidemiologic studies. Earlier studies have shown that the risk of disease is higher in certain dog breeds. HYPOTHESIS: Incidence, age of onset, survival and sex proportion of DM vary by breed. ANIMALS: Data from a cohort of 182,087 insured dogs aged 5-12 years accounting for 652,898 dog-years at risk were studied retrospectively. METHODS: Incidence rates by sex, breed, and geography were calculated with exact denominators. Age-specific incidence and survival after 1st DM claim were computed with Cox's regression and Kaplan-Meier survival function. Multivariable survival analysis was performed for the outcome diagnosis of DM with age, sex, and geography tested as fixed effects, previous endocrine or pancreatic diseases tested as time-dependent covariates, and breed tested as a random effect. RESULTS: The mean age at 1st insurance claim for the 860 DM dogs (72% females) was 8.6 years. The incidence of DM was 13 cases per 10,000 dog-years at risk. Australian Terriers, Samoyeds, Swedish Elkhounds, and Swedish Lapphunds were found to have the highest incidence. The proportion of females with DM varied significantly among breeds. Swedish Elkhounds, Beagles, Norwegian Elkhounds, and Border Collies that developed DM were almost exclusively females. The multivariable model showed that breed, previous hyperadrenocorticism, and female sex were risk factors for developing DM. Median survival time was 57 days after 1st claim. Excluding the 223 dogs that died within 1 day, the median survival time was 2 years after 1st claim of DM. CONCLUSION: The significant breed-specific sex and age differences shown in this study indicate that genetic variation could make breeds more or less susceptible to different types of DM.  相似文献   

Suitable management options to improve the productivity of rice cultivars under salinity stress     

Valère Cesse Mel  Vincent Boubié Bado  Saliou Ndiaye  Koffi Djaman  Delphine Aissata Bama Nati  Baboucarr Manneh 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(8):1093-1106

Growing rice in saline soils by minimizing damage on growth and yield remains a challenge. We conducted field experiments in the Africa Rice research field located in the Senegal River delta (16° 11? N, 16° 15? W) to study the effects of three management options of fertilization e.g. (i) nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization: NPK; (ii) NPK combined with zinc: NPK-Zn, and (iii) NPK combined with gypsum: NPK-gypsum on the soil salinity level, the nutrient uptake and the productivity of different rice cultivars. The whole objective of this study is to determine how zinc or gypsum associated to NPK fertilizer can improve the growth and productivity of rice crop in saline soil. Results showed that the initial soil salinity level was reduced rapidly in plots treated with gypsum. The leaf-K/Na ratio, agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (ANUE), and grain yield of rice cultivars under the salinity stress were improved by the NPK-gypsum and NPK-Zn options relatively to the NPK option, suggesting that NPK-gypsum and NPK-Zn are suitable management options in reducing adverse effect of low K/Na, low ANUE as well as to improve rice yield under salinity stress.  相似文献