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101.
102.
Evaluation of genotype and environment effects on taste and aroma flavor components of Spanish fresh tomato varieties 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Cebolla-Cornejo J Roselló S Valcárcel M Serrano E Beltrán J Nuez F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(6):2440-2450
Taste and aroma related compounds have been analyzed in a collection of four traditional varieties and two tomato hybrids, representing a wide variability in fruit shape and color, grown in different environments: screenhouse and open field. Protected cultivation tended to show lower sugar concentration (fructose and glucose) but similar acid contents (citric, malic, and glutamic acids). The decreased levels of sucrose equivalents and the similar ratios of sucrose equivalents to citric or glutamic acid contents indicated that protected cultivation, despite being useful to reduce the incidence of pests and viral diseases, reduces the organoleptic quality. Additionally, it doubles the interaccession variability and increased the level of intra-accession variability. In the case of aroma, the genotypic effect was considerably higher than the environmental component on the 12 main volatiles analyzed. Only hexanal and methyl salicylate were significantly affected by environment, while 10 out of 12 volatiles were affected by the genotype. Biplot analysis showed that, even in considerably different environments, it is possible to identify genotype-dependent main aroma profiles. In the case of 13 background volatiles, the environment showed no significant effects and the genotypic effect was lower, though it is possible to identify genotypic trends in background notes. 相似文献
103.
Maria Gracia Bagur-González Carmen Estepa-Molina Francisco Martín-Peinado Salvador Morales-Ruano 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2011,11(2):281-289
Purpose
We used the different soluble-in-water concentrations of As, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn from contaminated soils in an abandoned mining area (anthropogenic origin) to assess the phytotoxicity of the abandoned site using the results obtained with a Lactuca sativa L. bioassay. 相似文献104.
In the Pacific Ocean, air and ocean temperatures, atmospheric carbon dioxide, landings of anchovies and sardines, and the productivity of coastal and open ocean ecosystems have varied over periods of about 50 years. In the mid-1970s, the Pacific changed from a cool "anchovy regime" to a warm "sardine regime." A shift back to an anchovy regime occurred in the middle to late 1990s. These large-scale, naturally occurring variations must be taken into account when considering human-induced climate change and the management of ocean living resources. 相似文献
105.
Silvia Martínez-Llorens rés Vicente Moñino Ana Tomás Vidal Vicente Javier Moya Salvador Marcial Pla Torres & Miguel Jover Cerdá 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(1):82-90
The value of defatted soybean meal as a protein source for sea bream fingerlings (15.2±4.4 g on average) growing to market size (300–350 g) was evaluated by feeding extruded isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets (46% protein and 22 MJ kg−1) containing 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% soybean meal considering two phases. On day 87, the fish weight ranged between 66 and 81 g. The specific growth rate (SGR) of sea bream fed 50% soybean was lower (1.73% day−1) than that of fish fed 20% (1.87% day−1) and 30% (1.93% day−1), but the food conversion ratio (FCR) was not significantly affected, and a quadratic significant trend was observed for the feed intake (FI) in relation to the dietary soybean level. At the end of the second phase on day 309, fish weight was between 303 and 349 g, but SGR and FCR were similar for all diets, and ranged between 0.64 and 0.69% day−1, and 1.95 and 2.10% day−1 respectively. The final biometric parameters were not affected by the diets, although the levels of some free amino acids in the muscle were affected. Sensory differences were detected by panellists in fish fed diet 20% as compared those fed diet 50%, which had a less marine flavour and was less juicy. The global growth results suggest the possibility of feeding sea bream weighing less than 80 g with 30% soybean meal, and for fish weighing more than 80 g, a 50% dietary soybean meal can be used until the fish reach commercial weight, with no negative effects on growth or feed efficiency. Nevertheless, when sensory analysis and economic aspects are considered, the maximum inclusion level of soybean was 20–22%. 相似文献
106.
A Cebrian‐Serrano I Salvador E Raga A Dinnyes MA Silvestre 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(5):738-746
Melatonin may play an important role in protecting gametes and embryos from the potential harmful effects of oxidative stress. In this study, we first examined two different heat stress (HS) treatments for in vitro oocyte maturation (Experiment 1: 38.5 vs 41.0°C, during the first 20 h; Experiment 2: 38.5 vs 41.5°C, during the entire period) on bovine oocyte maturation and embryo development. Second, we tested different melatonin concentrations added to the maturation and culture medium (Experiment 3: 0, 10?12, 10?9, 10?4 m ; Experiment 4: 0, 10?3 m ), both with and without HS (38.5 or 41.5°C, respectively). In Experiment 1, the HS treatment resulted in a lower maturation rate and number of cells/blastocyst (C/B) and a higher blastocyst rate than that in the control group. In Experiment 2, oocytes/embryos from heat‐stressed oocytes (HSO) had a lower maturation, cleavage and blastocyst rates, as well as a lower C/B compared with the control. In Experiment 3, in HSO groups, 10?4 m melatonin resulted in an increased blastocyst rate compared with 0 m melatonin, with a similar blastocyst rate to the non‐HSO without melatonin. Melatonin did not have any effect in embryos from non‐HSO groups compared with the control. In Experiment 4, 10?3 m melatonin produced lower cleavage and blastocyst rates in HSO and lower blastocyst rate in non‐HSO when compared to melatonin‐untreated oocytes/embryos. In conclusion, 10?4 m melatonin was found to alleviate bovine oocytes from the harmful effects of HS. 相似文献
107.
Cátia Salvador M. Rosário Martins Henrique Vicente José Neves José M. Arteiro A. Teresa Caldeira 《Agroforestry Systems》2013,87(2):295-302
Wild edible mushrooms Amanita ponderosa Malençon and Heim are very appreciated in gastronomy, with high export potential. This species grows in some microclimates, namely in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. The results obtained demonstrate that A. ponderosa mushrooms showed different inorganic composition according to their habitat and the molecular data, obtained by M13-PCR, allowed to distinguish the mushrooms at species level and to differentiate the A. ponderosa strains according to their location. Taking into account, on the one hand, that the characterisation of different strains is essential in further commercialisation and certification process and, on the other hand, the molecular studies are quite time consuming and an expensive process, the development of formal models to predict the molecular profile based on inorganic composition comes to be something essential. In the present work, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were used to solve this problem. The ANN selected to predict molecular profile based on inorganic composition has a 6-7-14 topology. A good match between the observed and predicted values was observed. The present findings are wide potential application and both health and economical benefits arise from this study. 相似文献
108.
Inés García de la Banda Carmen Lobo Mariana Chabrillón Juan Manuel León‐Rubio Salvador Arijo Gema Pazos Luisa María Lucas Miguel Ángel Moriñigo 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(5):662-669
Probiotics are currently being supplemented to cultured fish due to their benefits for fish performance. Herein, we tested the health protection and nutritional effects of probiotic Shewanella putrefaciens (Pdp11 strain), both fresh and lyophilized cells, on Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) juveniles. Pdp11 was incorporated into fish feed at concentration of 109 cells g?1, and then provided to juvenile sole for 2 months. Growth rates were significantly higher in fish fed the fresh probiotic compared with fish fed the control diet. Growth of fish receiving lyophilized bacteria was not improved when compared with controls. Body compositions (protein, total lipids and fatty acids profile) were similar for each dietary treatment. At the end of the study, fish were challenged by intraperitoneal inoculation with a pathogenic strain of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. Relative percentages of survival (RPS) ranged between 25% and 43.8% for fish receiving both probiotic supplemented diets. Both fresh and lyophilized Pdp11 cells conferred protection against P. damselae subsp. piscicida. However, only fresh Pdp11 enhanced Senegal sole performance. These findings should be taken into account for industry purposes in which lyophilized Pdp11 might be easier to manage. 相似文献
109.