Identification and characterization of fungi associated with internal wood lesions and decline disease of willow and poplar trees in Iran          下载免费PDF全文

H. Hashemi  H. Mohammadi 《Forest Pathology》2016,46(4):341-352

During the study of fungal trunk pathogens associated with urban trees decline in Shiraz (Iran), a serious decline of willow and poplar trees was observed. Therefore, an investigation was conducted on these trees in some areas of this city during spring and summer 2012 and 2013, to determine the main fungal trunk pathogens associated with these ornamental plants. Plant materials were collected from trees exhibiting disease symptoms such as yellowing, shoot canker, shoot dieback, defoliation and internal wood necrosis and decayed wood. Fungal isolations were made from discoloured or decayed wood tissue onto 2% malt extract agar (MEA) amended with streptomycin sulphate. Nine species, Fomes fomentarius, Diplodia seriata, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Dothiorella sarmentorum, Neoscytalidium hyalinum, Diatrype whitmanensis, Phaeoacremonium rubrigenum, P. aleophilum and P. parasiticum, were identified based on morphology and DNA sequence comparisons. Pathogenicity tests were performed on detached shoots of willow and poplar trees under greenhouse conditions. Lasiodiplodia theobromae caused the longest lesions on willow. On poplar shoots, the longest lesions were caused by P. parasiticum. Diplodia seriata produced the smallest lesions on both woody hosts. First reports from willow wood include P. parasiticum, P. rubrigenum, D. whitmanensis, L. theobromae, D. seriata and N. hyalinum, while new reports from poplar wood include P. parasiticum and Do. sarmentorum. Based on our knowledge, this is also the first report of D. whitmanensis in Iran.  相似文献   

Efficiency of yield-based drought tolerance indices to identify tolerant genotypes in durum wheat     

Reza Mohammadi 《Euphytica》2016,209(1):71-84

  相似文献   

Enhanced resistance to a lepidopteran pest in transgenic sugar beet plants expressing synthetic <Emphasis Type="Italic">cry1Ab</Emphasis> gene     

Morad Jafari  Peyman Norouzi  Mohammad Ali Malboobi  Behzad Ghareyazie  Mostafa Valizadeh  Seyed Aboulghasem Mohammadi  Mozhgan Mousavi 《Euphytica》2009,165(2):333-344

Two diploid sugar beet genotypes of agronomical importance were transformed using Agrobactrium tumefaciens harboring pBI35Scry containing a synthetic cry1Ab gene. Leaf blade with attached shoot bases, a highly regenerative tissue, were used as explant substratum for transformation. PCR screening with cry1Ab-specific primers showed the presence of transgene in more than 50% of the regenerated kanamycin-resistant plants after treatment with the antibiotic. A transformation rate of 8.8–12.2% (depending on genotype) was achieved as revealed by genomic DNA dot blotting. The intact integration of transgene cassette into the genome was furthermore confirmed by Southern blot analysis. The expression of the cry1Ab gene encoding a truncated endotoxin (67 kDa) at about 0.1% of total soluble protein was achieved in the leaves of transgenic plants as shown by Western blot analysis. Bioassays under in vitro conditions with Spodoptera littoralis, one of the most important pests in sugar beet fields, demonstrated enhanced resistance against this pest. The inheritance of the inserted transgene was confirmed in F₁ plants obtained through crossing of T₀ plants with a cytoplasmic male sterile line. Transgenic plants are currently grown in a greenhouse and will be subjected to further bioassay analyses against other lepidopteran pests of sugar beet.  相似文献   

Astaxanthin Mitigates Thiacloprid-Induced Liver Injury and Immunotoxicity in Male Rats     

Shimaa M. Abou-Zeid  Samira H. Aljuaydi  Huda O. AbuBakr  Enas A. Tahoun  Alessandro Di Cerbo  Mahmoud Alagawany  Samah R. Khalil  Mayada R. Farag 《Marine drugs》2021,19(9)

Thiacloprid (TCP) is a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide with a probable toxic hazard to animals and human beings. This hazard has intensified the demand for natural compounds to alleviate the expected toxic insults. This study aimed at determining whether astaxanthin (ASX) could mitigate the hepatotoxic effect of TCP and diminish its suppressive effect on immune responses in rats. Animals received TCP by gavage at 62.1 mg/kg (1/10th LD₅₀) with or without ASX at 40 mg/kg for 60 days. Intoxicated rats showed modulation of serum transaminases and protein profiles. The hemagglutination antibody titer to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and the number of plaque-forming cells in the spleen were reduced. The cell-mediated immunity and phagocytosis were suppressed, while serum interleukins IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 were elevated. Additionally, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine levels were increased in the liver, spleen, and thymus, with depletion of glutathione and suppression of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. The expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and the high mobility group box protein 1 genes were upregulated with histomorphological alterations in the aforementioned organs. Cotreatment with ASX markedly ameliorated the toxic effects of TCP, and all markers showed a regression trend towards control values. Collectively, our data suggest that the protective effects of ASX on the liver and immune system of TCP-treated animals depend upon improving the antioxidant status and relieving the inflammatory response, and thus it may be used as a promising therapeutic agent to provide superior hepato- and immunoprotection.  相似文献   

Nitrogen application and sowing date affect okra pod and seed characteristics     

Ghadir Mohammadi  Ebrahim M. Khah  Demosthenis Chachalis 《Journal of plant nutrition》2018,41(6):702-715

The effect of nitrogen (N) application rate and sowing date on seed quality and pod production of four cultivars of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) were examined. Seeds of four okra cultivars (cv. ‘Boyatiou’, ‘Veloudo’, ‘Clemson’, and ‘Pylaias’) were sown on 13 May (1st sowing) and 2 June (2nd sowing). Plants were subjected to three N levels: F₁, F₂, and F₃ (150, 300, and 450 mg N L^?1). The 2nd sowing improved flower induction and pod set, without however affecting pod size. The number of seeds per pod was not affected by sowing time, but the mean 100 seed weight was generally lower in the 2nd sowing. In all cultivars, except cv. ‘Veloudo’ germination increased in the 2nd sowing mainly as a result of lower seed hardness. Germination was also improved by increasing N levels, or by seed storage, acid scarification, or seed priming.  相似文献   

Assessment of genetic diversity and relationships among <Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum urartu</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum boeoticum</Emphasis> populations from Iran using IRAP and REMAP markers     

Mojghan Tabrizivand Taheri  Seyed Siamak Alavi-Kia  Seyed Abolghasem Mohammadi  Mohammad Moghaddam Vahed 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(7):1867-1878

Einkorn wheat is known as the donor of ‘A’ genome to cultivated wheat and source of many important genes. Therefore, genetic erosion in cultivated wheat provides a good reason to investigate genetic diversity in these species. In the present study, genetic diversity of 14 populations of Triticum urartu and Triticum boeoticum collected from west and north-west of Iran was examined by IRAP and REMAP markers. In total, 26 out of 36 IRAP and 41 out of 88 REMAP combinations amplified polymorphic and scorable banding patterns. IRAP and REMAP combinations produced 6.53 and 5.21 polymorphic bands per assay, respectively. Mean of polymorphism information content for IRAPs and REMAPs were 0.38 and 0.40 and marker index values for them were 2.60 and 2.09, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance based on IRAP and REMAP data revealed significant within and among population variances, although within population variance was higher than that of among population. Primer combinations based on Sukkula and Nikita retrotransposons produced the highest number of markers in the whole population. Cluster and principal coordinate analyses using REMAP data grouped the populations based on the species and geographical origin, but grouping based on IRAP could not separate the two species. However, based on both marker systems considerable diversity was observed among and within the studied populations.  相似文献   

Influence of nano-iron oxide and zinc sulfate on physiological characteristics of peppermint     

Morad Mohammadi  Hadi Alipour  Mohammad Dashtaki  Sara Safikhani 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(18):2315-2326

To evaluate the impact of nano-iron oxide and zinc sulfate fertilizers on peppermint in field conditions, a factorial split experiment with two micro-nutrient fertilizers [Zinc (Zn) and Iron (Fe)] in RCBD with three replicates was conducted at University of Tehran, during 2014 and 2015. Fe at four levels (0, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 g L-1) and Zn at three levels (0, 2.5, and 5 g L-1) were applied. Fe and Zn fertilizer application significantly improved photosynthetic pigments, mineral nutrient content, essential oil concentration, and dry matter yield in peppermint. The highest iron content (1578.00 mg kg^?1) was achieved when 5 g L^?1 of Zn was applied along with 0.75 g L^?1 Fe. According to our results, the application of 2.5 g L^?1 of Zn plus 0.5 g L^?1 Fe fertilizers could be recommended to achieve the highest plant dry matter and essential oil yield.  相似文献   

High‐quality spontaneous spawning in greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili,Risso 1810) and its comparison with GnRHa implants or injections          下载免费PDF全文

Samira Sarih  Adnane Djellata  Antonino La Barbera  Hipólito Fernández‐Palacios Vallejo  Javier Roo  Marisol Izquierdo  Hipólito Fernández‐Palacios 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(10):3442-3450

Production of sufficient high‐quality eggs of greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) still constitutes the main bottleneck for commercial production of this species. The main objective of this study was to compare the quality of spontaneous spawn of greater amberjack with those obtained by either GnRHa injection or GnRHa implant protocols. Captive amberjack broodstock were distributed in three circular tanks of 40 m³. Broodstock from Tank 1 were not hormonally induced and spawned spontaneously, whereas those of Tank 2 were intramuscularly injected with GnRHa (20 µg/kg body weight) and those of Tank 3 were given EV‐500 µg GnRHa implants. The number of eggs per spawn obtained in the broodstock without hormonal treatment was larger than in those obtained with injections or implants. Egg quality was best in broodstock with spontaneous spawn, followed by GnRHa‐injected fish and then GnRHa implants. Besides, size of larvae from control and injected broodstock was similar between them and significantly higher (p < 0.01) than those from GnRHa implant spawn. Overall, this study showed that it is possible to obtain very high‐quality spontaneous spawn in greater amberjack, providing the adequate conditions. Furthermore, GnRHa weekly injections lead to similar egg viability and hatching rates than spontaneous spawn and higher fertilization rates than GnRHa hormonal implants, which is better than in previous studies.  相似文献   

Tree species composition,biodiversity and regeneration in response to catena shape and position in a mountain forest     

Maryam Fazlollahi Mohammadi  Seyed Gholamali Jalali  Theresa A. Theodose 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2017,32(1):80-90

We examined the variation in woody plant species composition, regeneration and biodiversity in relation to topographic heterogeneity, specifically catena shape (V and Λ) and slope position (summit, shoulder, back slope, foot slope and toe slope). All research took place at the TMU Experimental Forest Station, located in northern Iran. Two sets of replicated quadrats were established along transects that encompassed the different catena shapes and positions. We recorded the density, height, and canopy cover of all trees ≥12 cm diameter at breast height within 30 quadrats (400m²), as well as the density of all tree regenerations within 120 quadrats (4m²). In addition, three measurements of biodiversity were calculated for both mature trees and regenerations. Mature tree species composition varied greatly with catena shape and slope position, as did that of regenerating trees. Despite differences in species composition, the various measurements of biodiversity were consistent across the landscape for mature trees, whereas significant variation in evenness was detected for regenerating trees. We concluded that the broad matrix of environmental conditions occurring within this rugged mountainous area generates a variety of microhabitats, which in turn contributes to both the variation in species composition and the consistent biodiversity of these forests.  相似文献   

Linear programming approach for optimal forest plantation     

Zohreh Mohammadi  Soleiman Mohammadi Limaei  Taymour Rostami Shahraji 《林业研究》2017,28(2):299-307

The aim of this research was to identify species suitable for plantation. We first identified species for potentially suitable for plantation based on ecological capabilities regarding soil properties. We determined the area of plantation for different species based on ecological capabilities. Then, we collected relevant data such as growth patterns of different species, labor requirements for plantation and plantation cost. A linear programming model and two integer linear programming models were used for optimization. The appropriate species based on ecological capabilities were ash, elm, maple, oak and bald cypress. A linear programming model was used based on ecological capabilities classification to determine the land area of different species for plantation. Then, two integer linear programming models were employed to select the species for plantation. We set ecological properties unequal for all of the species in the first run of the integer programming model. Two groups were classified: group one included maple and ash; group two included bald cypress, oak and elm. The second integer programming model assumed equal ecological properties for all the species. Results of linear programming showed that maple and bald cypress were appropriate for plantation at the site and their plantation areas should be 151.3 and 355.3 ha, respectively. Results of the first integer linear programming model showed that maple and bald cypress would be economically profitable for plantation. The results of the second integer linear programming model showed that only bald cypress would be appropriate for plantation.  相似文献