A bio-economic modelling project for small-scale milk production systems in South-East Brasil     

N.R. Brockington  C.A. Gonzalez  J.M. Veil  R.R. Vera  N.M. Teixeira  A.G. de Assis 《Agricultural Systems》1983,12(1):37-60

This paper reports on the development and use of a bioeconomic model to simulate dairy enterprises in the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais State in south-east Brasil.In view of the relatively small size of the units, each animal within the herd is accounted for on an individual basis and the main biological events and processes are treated stochastically. Within the limits of given herdranges for genetic potentials, actual rates of performance are estimated from the levels of feeding and other management factors. An energy balance approach is used to assess the contributions of pasture, cut forage and concentrates in the diet.The model has been used to help in identifying priority areas for applied research, to explore various combinations of herd potential and level of feeding, the behaviour of different herd sizes and the potential returns from specific technical innovations.  相似文献   

The Adventures of Dr. Duncan McNab McEachran in Western Canada          下载免费PDF全文

Sandra Vokaty 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1979,20(6):149-156

Duncan McNab McEachran's early history and involvement in the formation of the Montreal Veterinary College as well as in livestock inspection were reviewed. His contribution to the beginning of the ranching industry in western Canada was explored in detail. In 1881, McEachran helped to establish the Cochrane Ranche, which was the first great ranch to be started in southern Alberta. He was employed as the ranch's resident general manager until 1883, in which year the Waldrond Ranch was established. McEachran was this ranch's president and general manager until approximately 1909. During this time, he came under considerable criticism from both The MacLeod Gazette and The Calgary Herald. As Dr. McEachran maintained his obligations to the ranches while he was directing the veterinary college in Montreal as well as chief inspector of livestock for Canada, it was concluded that this feat alone would rank him as a remarkable historical figure.  相似文献   

Animal welfare--the need for a united veterinary voice     

Neumann S 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2005,46(9):834-836

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Frequency of urinary tract infection among dogs with pruritic disorders receiving long-term glucocorticoid treatment     

Torres SM  Diaz SF  Nogueira SA  Jessen C  Polzin DJ  Gilbert SM  Horne KL 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,227(2):239-243

OBJECTIVE: To determine frequency of urinary tract infection (UTI) among dogs with pruritic disorders that were or were not receiving long-term glucocorticoid treatment. DESIGN: Observational study. ANIMALS: 127 dogs receiving glucocorticoids for > 6 months and 94 dogs not receiving glucocorticoids. PROCEDURE: Bacterial culture of urine samples was performed in dogs receiving long-term glucocorticoid treatment, and information was collected on drug administered, dosage, frequency of administration, duration of glucocorticoid treatment, and clinical signs of UTI. For dogs not receiving glucocorticoids, a single urine sample was submitted for bacterial culture. RESULTS: Multiple (2 to 6) urine samples were submitted for 70 of the 127 (55%) dogs receiving glucocorticoids; thus, 240 urine samples were analyzed. For 23 of the 127 (18.1%) dogs, results of bacterial culture were positive at least once, but none of the dogs had clinical signs of UTI. Pyuria and bacteriuria (present vs absent) were found to correctly predict results of bacterial culture for 89.9% and 95.8% of the samples, respectively. Type of glycocorticoid, dosage, frequency of administration, and duration of treatment were not associated with frequency of UTI. None of the urine samples from dogs not receiving glucocorticoids yielded bacterial growth. The frequency of UTI was significantly higher for dogs treated with glucocorticoids than for dogs that had not received glucocorticoids. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that dogs receiving long-term glucocorticoid treatment have an increased risk of developing a UTI. On this basis, we recommend that urine samples be submitted for bacterial culture at least yearly for such dogs.  相似文献   

Economic analysis of feeding pasteurized nonsaleable milk versus conventional milk replacer to dairy calves     

Godden SM  Fetrow JP  Feirtag JM  Green LR  Wells SJ 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,226(9):1547-1554

OBJECTIVE: To determine growth, morbidity, and mortality rates in dairy calves fed pasteurized nonsaleable milk versus commercial milk replacer and compare economics of feeding pasteurized nonsaleable milk versus commercial milk replacer in dairy calves. DESIGN: Clinical trial. ANIMALS: 438 dairy calves. PROCEDURE: Calves were assigned at 1 to 2 days of age to be fed pasteurized nonsaleable milk or a commercial milk replacer until weaned. Body weight was measured at the time of study enrollment and at the time of weaning, and any medical treatments administered and deaths that occurred prior to weaning were recorded. A partial budget model was developed to examine the economics of feeding pasteurized nonsaleable milk versus commercial milk replacer. RESULTS: Calves fed conventional milk replacer had significantly lower rates of gain (-0.12 kg/d [-0.26 lb/d]), lower weaning weights (-5.6 kg [-12.3 lb]), higher risk for treatment during the summer and winter months (odds ratio [OR], 3.99), and higher risk of death during the winter months (OR, 29.81) than did calves fed pasteurized nonsaleable milk. The estimated savings of feeding pasteurized nonsaleable milk, compared with milk replacer, was dollars 0.69/calf per day. The estimated number of calves needed to economically justify the nonsaleable milk pasteurization system was 23 calves/d. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that dairy calves fed pasteurized nonsaleable milk have a higher growth rate and lower morbidity and mortality rates than do calves fed conventional milk replacer. Feeding pasteurized nonsaleable milk could be an economically viable strategy for dairy calf producers.  相似文献   

Characterization of feline T cell receptor gamma (TCRG) variable region genes for the molecular diagnosis of feline intestinal T cell lymphoma     

Moore PF  Woo JC  Vernau W  Kosten S  Graham PS 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2005,106(3-4):167-178

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Dens invaginatus of the mandibular first molars in a dog     

Stein KE  Marretta SM  Eurell JA 《Journal of veterinary dentistry》2005,22(1):21-25

A 6-year-old dog was presented for draining tracts associated with both mandibular first molar teeth. Radiographs of the affected teeth showed periapical bone lysis. Surgical tooth extractions were performed and the tooth segments were submitted for histopathologic examination. Microscopic evaluation of the teeth showed in folding of the enamel and dentin consistent with a diagnosis of dens invaginatus. Examination performed 13-months following the extraction procedures indicated uncomplicated healing at the extraction sites and no other visible evidence of endodontic disease.  相似文献   

Toxicity, pathogenicity, and genetic differentiation of five species of fusarium from sorghum and millet     

Leslie JF  Zeller KA  Lamprecht SC  Rheeder JP  Marasas WF 《Phytopathology》2005,95(3):275-283

ABSTRACT Fusarium isolates recovered from sorghum and millet are commonly identified as F. moniliforme, but with the recognition of new species in this group, the strains given this name are being re-evaluated. We analyzed five strains each from five Fusarium species (F. andiyazi, F. nygamai, F. pseudonygamai, F. thapsinum, and F. verticillioides) often associated with sorghum and millet for their ability to produce fumonisin and moniliformin, their toxicity to ducklings, and their ability to cause disease on sorghum seedlings in vitro. These species can be distinguished with isozymes (fumarase, NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase) and with banding patterns resulting from amplified fragment length polymorphisms. Two species, F. pseudonygamai and F. thapsinum, produced high levels of moniliformin, but little or no fumonisins, and were consistently highly toxigenic in the duckling tests. Two species, F. verticillioides and F. nygamai, produced high levels of fumonisins, but little or no moniliformin, and also were toxigenic in the duckling tests. F. andiyazi produced little or no toxin and was the least toxigenic in the duckling tests. In sorghum seedling pathogenicity tests, F. thapsinum was the most virulent followed by F. andiyazi, then F. verticillioides, and finally F. nygamai and F. pseudonygamai, which were similar to each other. Thus, these five species, which would once have all been called F. moniliforme, differ sufficiently in terms of plant pathogenicity and toxin production profile, that their previous misidentification could explain inconsistencies in the literature and differences observed by researchers who thought they were all working with the same fungal species.  相似文献   

Musculoskeletal problems associated with lameness and poor performance among horses used for barrel racing: 118 cases (2000-2003)     

Dabareiner RM  Cohen ND  Carter GK  Nunn S  Moyer W 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,227(10):1646-1650

OBJECTIVE: To identify types of musculoskeletal problems associated with lameness or poor performance in horses used for barrel racing. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 118 horses. PROCEDURE: Medical records were reviewed for information on signalment, history, physical and lameness examination findings, diagnostic tests performed, diagnosis, and treatment. RESULTS: Most horses were examined because of lameness (n = 72 [61%]) rather than poor performance (46 [39%]), but owner complaint was not significantly associated with age or body weight of the horse. The most common performance change was refusal or failure to turn properly around the first barrel (19/46 [41%]). The right forelimb (n = 57 [48%]) was most commonly affected, followed by the left forelimb (51 [43%]), the left hind limb (31 [26%]), and the right hind limb (25 [21%]). In 31 horses (26%), both forelimbs were affected, and in 6 (5%), both hind limbs were affected. The most common musculoskeletal problems were forelimb foot pain only (n = 39 [33%]), osteoarthritis of the distal tarsal joints (17 [14%]), suspensory ligament desmitis (15 [13%]), forelimb foot pain with distal tarsal joint osteoarthritis (11 [9%]), and bruised feet (10 [8.5%]). In 81 (69%) horses, the affected joint was treated with intra-articular medications. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that in horses used for barrel racing that are examined because of lameness or poor performance, the forelimbs are more likely to be affected than the hind limbs, with forelimb foot pain and osteoarthritis of the distal tarsal joints being the most common underlying abnormalities.  相似文献   

The susceptibility of domestic cats (Felis catus) to experimental infection with Leishmania braziliensis     

Simões-Mattos L  Mattos MR  Teixeira MJ  Oliveira-Lima JW  Bevilaqua CM  Prata-Júnior RC  Holanda CM  Rondon FC  Bastos KM  Coêlho ZC  Coêlho IC  Barral A  Pompeu MM 《Veterinary parasitology》2005,127(3-4):199-208

Over the last few years, several cases of feline leishmaniasis (FL) with cutaneous and visceral forms have been reported around the world. Nonetheless, the real susceptibility of cats to infection with Leishmania spp. and the outcome of leishmaniasis in these animals are poorly understood. Experimental studies on feline models will contribute to the knowledge of natural FL. Thus, in order to determine the susceptibility of domestic cats (Felis catus) to experimental infection with Leishmania braziliensis, 13 stray cats were infected with 10(7) promastigotes by the intradermal route in the ear and nose simultaneously and followed up for 72 weeks. Soon after infection, the earliest indication of a lesion was a papule on the ear at 2 weeks post-infection (w.p.i.). The emergence of satellite papules around the primary lesion was observed about 4 w.p.i. Two weeks later these papules coalesced and formed a huge and irregular nodule. Thereafter, there was lesion dissemination to the external and marginal surface of the ipsilateral ear, and later to the contralateral ear. At 10 w.p.i., some nodules became ulcerated. Nose lesions presented a similar evolution. At both sites, the largest lesion sizes occurred at 10 w.p.i. and started to decrease 15 days later. Ear and nose nodules healed at 32 and 40 w.p.i., respectively. Specific L. braziliensis IgG antibody titers (optical density> or = 0.01 as positive result) were detected as early as 2 w.p.i. (0.09 +/- 0.02) in only three animals (23%), and all cats had positive titers at 20 w.p.i. (0.34 +/- 0.06). Only three animals (38%) continued to show positive serology at 72 w.p.i. (0.08 +/- 0.02). Up to that time, none of the cats had lesion recurrence. In a feline model of cutaneous leishmaniasis, it seems that there is no correlation between active lesions and positive serology. The implications of these data are discussed.  相似文献