An unusual complication of endotracheal intubation     

Sanchis Mora S  Seymour C 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2011,38(2):158-159

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Biomass Not Linked to Perennial Grass Mortality Following Severe Wildfire in the Southern High Plains     

Sandra Rideout-Hanzak  David B. Wester  Carlton M. Britton  Heather Whitlaw 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2011,64(1):47-55

In March 2006 the East Amarillo Complex (EAC) wildfires burned over 367 000 ha of short and mixed grass prairie of the southern High Plains, USA. We studied EAC wildfire effects on perennial grass mortality and peak standing crop on Deep Hardland and Mixedland Slopes ecological sites. Deep Hardlands were dominated by blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis H.B.K. [Griffiths]) and buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides [Nutt.] Engelm.); common species on Mixedland Slopes were little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium [Michx.] Nash.) and sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula [Michx.] Torr.) with scattered sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia Torr.) sometimes present. We hypothesized that perennial grass mortality would increase and standing crop would decrease following severe wildfire, and that these responses would be greater than documented prescribed fire effects. Frequency of perennial grass mortality was higher on both sites in burned areas than nonburned areas through three growing seasons following wildfire; however, standing crop was minimally affected. Results suggest that post-wildfire management to ameliorate wildfire effects is not necessary, and that wildfire effects in this area of the southern High Plains are similar to prescribed fire effects.  相似文献   

Fruit availability,frugivore satiation and seed removal in 2 primate‐dispersed tree species     

Sandra RATIARISON  Pierre‐Michel FORGET 《Integrative zoology》2011,6(3):178-194

During a mast‐fruiting event we investigated spatial variability in fruit availability, consumption, and seed removal at two sympatric tree species, Manilkara bidentata and M. huberi (Sapotaceae) at Nouragues Natural Reserve, French Guiana. We addressed the question of how Manilkara density and fruits at the community level might be major causes of variability in feeding assemblages between tree species. We thus explored how the frugivore assemblages differed between forest patches with contrasting relative Manilkara density and fruiting context. During the daytime, Alouatta seniculus was more often observed in M. huberi crowns at Petit Plateau (PP) with the greatest density of Manilkara spp. and the lowest fruit diversity and availability, whereas Cebus apella and Saguinus midas were more often observed in M. bidentata crowns at both Grand Plateau (GP), with a lowest density of M. bidentata and overall greater fruit supply, and PP. Overall, nearly 53% and 15% of the M. bidentata seed crop at GP and PP, respectively, and about 47% of the M. huberi seed crop were removed, otherwise either spit out or defecated beneath trees, or dropped in fruits. Small‐bodied primates concentrated fallen seeds beneath parent trees while large‐bodied primate species removed and dispersed more seeds away from parents. However, among the latter, satiated A. seniculus wasted seeds under conspecific trees at PP. Variations in feeding assemblages, seed removal rates and fates possibly reflected interactions with extra‐generic fruit species at the community level, according to feeding choice, habitat preferences and ranging patterns of primate species.  相似文献   

Folklore and popular conceptions regarding the fauna of a wetland area on the Caribbean coast of Columbia     

Sandra Turbay 《Agriculture and Human Values》2004,21(2-3):105-110

In pre-Columbian times, the Zenu Indians established drainage systems in the wetlands of the Colombian Caribbean that enabled them to exploit this rich ecosystem in a sustained manner. Modern inhabitants of the region are, however, exposed to a regimen of periodic flooding that limits their productive activities. In addition, they are surrounded by large cattle ranches that occupy almost all the land and are responsible for the disappearance of forests that sustain the wild fauna. These peasants employ a classification system for the fauna that favors the criterion of habitat over that of morphology to distinguish categories of animals. Secondary forest animals inspire carnival dances, folk tales, poetry, and songs, while insects and other invertebrates are barely represented in the oral tradition. Fishing provides the principal source of protein for many families, but there are no mechanisms to control the use of large nets that exhaust the resource. The capture of reptiles such as iguanas, turtles, and crocodilians is intensive and is not based on studies that determine the state of the populations and the impact of hunting activities. The author draws attention to the need to take into account local representations of animals in programs aimed at conserving the wetlands and their fauna. She discusses the popular nomenclature, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding the fauna of a wetland region of the Colombian Caribbean to assist in the design of programs for the sustainable exploitation of the resources of this ecosystem, vital to the survival of local fishermen and peasants.  相似文献   

Plasma lactate concentrations in free-ranging moose (Alces alces) immobilized with etorphine     

Henning A Haga DVM  PhD    Sandra Wenger† DVM  MScWAH  Diplomate ECVAA    Silje Hvarnes‡ DVM    Øystein Os‡ DVM    Christer M Rolandsen§¶ MSc  & Erling J Solberg§ PhD 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(6):555-561

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Long‐term evaluation of a new ventriculoperitoneal shunt valve system in a dog     

Richard da Rocha Filgueiras DVM  PhD  DCBCAV  Christine De Souza Martins DVM  MSc  Ricardo Miyasaka De Almeida DVM  PhD  DCBCAV  Rosana Marques Silva DVM  PhD  Martha De Souza Teixeira da Rocha DVM  Fernanda De Paula Firmino DVM  MSc  Samara Maguilnik DVM  Luíza Quintão Medeiros DVM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2009,19(6):623-628

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Cellular and humoral immune responses during intrathoracic paracoccidioidomycosis in BALB/c mice     

Alves CC  Azevedo AL  Rodrigues MF  Machado RP  Souza MA  Machado MA  Teixeira HC  Ferreira AP 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2009,32(6):513-525

Paracoccidioidomycosis is a chronic infection that primarily affects the lungs. Here we investigated cellular and humoral immune responses after intrathoracic Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection in BALB/c mice. P. brasiliensis-colony-forming units (CFUs), fungal DNA and granulomas in lungs increased progressively, peaking at day 90 postinfection (p.i.). IFN-γ production was highest on day 15 p.i., declining thereafter. The kinetics of the NO production was similar to that described for IFN-γ. In contrast, IL-10 increased from day 45 p.i. reaching a peak at day 90. Levels of serum IgG1 were higher than IgG2a between days 30 and 90 p.i. 30% of mice died by day 90 p.i. These data indicate that infection with P. brasiliensis by the intrathoracic route shows high IFN-γ and NO production at day 15 p.i., unable to control multiplication of fungi, which appears to be associated with a progressive increase in IL-10 and in the number and complexity of granulomas.  相似文献   

Following the track of “Híbrido de Timor” origin by cytogenetic and flow cytometry approaches     

Wellington Ronildo Clarindo  Carlos Roberto Carvalho  Eveline Teixeira Caixeta  Andréa Dias Koehler 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2013,60(8):2253-2259

The supposedly first plant of the coffee cultivar “Híbrido de Timor” (HT) was found in 1927, being denoted as HT CIFC 4106. According to different researchers, this plant originated from a natural interspecific hybridation between Coffea arabica (4x = 44) and Coffea canephora (2x = 22). From HT CIFC 4106, other HT accessions were obtained and employed to establish germplasm banks in some countries. As HT has been widely used in Coffea breeding programs, this study aimed to characterize different HT accessions with regard to ploidy, nuclear DNA content and base composition. Based on these data, the ploidy of HT CIFC 4106 was determined, suggesting that this accession is an allotriploid formed from reduced reproductive cell of C. canephora and of C. arabica. All HT CIFC 4106 plants exhibited the same 2C-value, AT% and chromosome number, showing that vegetative propagation has enabled the multiplication and germplasm conservation of this cytotype since 1927. Further five analyzed HT accessions showed distinct nuclear 2C-value and AT%. Since HT CIFC 4106 has been considered the first HT, it is suggested that aneuploid reproductive cells of this HT originated the other plants. Considering that HT accessions are used in the development of C. arabica cultivars, the findings of this study are important for the design of strategies to obtain new cultivars for breeding programs. Moreover, these data represent the first step to understand the origin and genome evolution of the HT.  相似文献   

Soybean yield response to Bradyrhizobium strains in fields with inoculation history in Southern Brazil     

Vítor G. Ambrosini  Sandra M. V. Fontoura  Renato P. de Moraes  Santiago Tamagno 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(16):1941-1951

Abstract

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] responses to seed inoculation with rhizobium are inconsistent in sites with inoculation history. Field trials were conducted in South-central region of Paraná State (Southern Brazil) aiming to evaluate yield response to inoculation in areas with history of inoculation at a regional-scale (21 trials, 1999/2000 to 2014/2015), and identify nodulation, plant dry weight and nitrogen (N) components underpinning yield formation (10 trials, 2015/2016 and 2016/2017). Seed yield varied from 1853 to 5352?kg ha^?1 (first dataset), characterizing a wide range of environmental conditions across seasons. Response to inoculation was inconsistent at regional-scale, with a similar seed yield of inoculated (3286?kg ha^?1) and non-inoculated (3298?kg ha^?1) soybean. Lack of differences were also observed in all the variables analyzed of second dataset. Research efforts should be applied aiming to identify rhizobia persistence in the soil and its efficacy at N fixation after continuous cropping without inoculation.  相似文献   

Enrichment of lithium in lettuce plants through agronomic biofortification     

Rubens Ribeiro da Silva  Alvaro José Gomes de Faria  Gilson do Carmo Alexandrino  Evandro Alves Ribeiro  Antônio Carlos Martins dos Santos  Tulio Teixeira Deusdara 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(17):2102-2113

Abstract

Biofortification of crops with lithium (Li) is a new trend in agriculture and researches on this subject still scarce, therefore, this work aims to evaluate the accumulation potential and the effects in agronomic characteristics of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) submitted to foliar application of two Li chemical sources and different concentrations. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse and the applications of lithium hydroxide (LiOH) and lithium sulfate (Li₂SO₄) were done via foliar spray at concentrations ranging from 0 to 40?mg dm^?3. The applications were divided into three applications distributed at 15, 25, and 35?days after transplanting. Positive and promising results were observed in agronomic characteristics and Li in accumulation. High concentrations of Li (40?mg dm^?3) may compromise the development of lettuce plants, however, lower concentrations applied (16 to 26?mg dm^?3 of Li) promoted an increase in dry weight of roots and shoot/root ratio, both chemical forms, and stem diameter and specific leaf area, Li₂SO₄, suggesting beneficial effect of this element. Li accumulation in shoots depend on the concentrations of this element in the applied solution of Li but not on its chemical form.  相似文献