Detection of enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV) in a sheep flock in southern Brazil     

de Cecco  Bianca Santana  Lorenzett  Marina Paula  Henker  Luan Cleber  Weber  Matheus Nunes  Moséna  Ana Cristina Sbaraini  Baumbach  Letícia  Canal  Cláudio Wageck  Driemeier  David  Pavarini  Saulo Petinatti  Sonne  Luciana 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(7):2095-2098

Enzootic nasal tumor (ENT) is a contagious neoplasm associated with enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV), which may induce disease in sheep (ENTV-1) and goats (ENTV-2). This study aimed to describe the occurrence of ENT in two Texel sheep (Ovis aries) from a 75-sheep flock, located in the city of Gravataí, southern Brazil. Animals used to be purchased from different origins, and no specific tests for disease monitoring or quarantine procedure were performed. Affected animals presented respiratory distress, anorexia with severe weight loss, and mucopurulent unilateral nasal discharge. Necropsy was performed in both animals and nasal cavity masses were observed. Histopathological analysis demonstrated an epithelial neoplasm compatible with nasal adenocarcinoma. PCR using a protocol that amplifies a 591 bp sequence of 5’LTR-gag region of ENTV1 was performed followed by DNA sequencing. Both samples were positive, and the sequences obtained presented highest identity (97%) with ENTV strain TN28 (GenBank accession number MH899613) detected in a Texel sheep from Scotland. This is the first report of ENTV-1 leading to enzootic nasal tumor in sheep in Latin America, which confirms the presence of the retrovirus in sheep flocks in the Brazilian territory.

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Agarose gel electrophoresis of cerebrospinal fluid proteins of dogs after sample concentration using a membrane microconcentrator technique     

Gama FG  Santana AE  Filho Ede C  Nogueira CA 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2007,36(1):85-88

BACKGROUND: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced in the cerebral ventricles through ultrafiltration of plasma and active transport mechanisms. Evaluation of proteins in CSF may provide important information about the production of immunoglobulins within the central nervous system as well as possible disturbances in the blood-brain barrier. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to measure the concentration and fractions of protein in CSF samples using a membrane microconcentrator technique followed by electrophoresis, and to compare the protein fractions obtained with those in serum. METHODS: CSF samples from 3 healthy dogs and 3 dogs with canine distemper virus infection were concentrated using a membrane microconcentrator having a 0.5 to 30,000 d nominal molecular weight limit (Ultrafree, Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). Protein concentration was determined before and after concentration. Agarose gel electrophoresis was done on concentrated CSF samples, serum, and serial dilutions of one of the CSF samples. RESULTS: Electrophoretic bands were clearly identified in densitometer tracings in CSF samples with protein concentrations as low as 1.3 g/dL. The higher CSF protein concentration in dogs with distemper was mainly the result of increased albumin concentration. CONCLUSION: The microconcentrating method used in this study enables characterization of the main protein fractions in CSF by routine electrophoresis and may be useful for interpreting the underlying cause of changes in CSF protein concentrations.  相似文献   

Oxidative status and histological changes in sea bass larvae muscle in response to high dietary content of docosahexaenoic acid DHA     

M B Betancor  M J Caballero  T Benítez‐Santana  R Saleh  J Roo  E Atalah  M Izquierdo 《Journal of fish diseases》2013,36(5):453-465

In previous studies, we observed dystrophic alterations in muscle of 48‐day‐old sea bass fed imbalanced docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and vitamin E diets. To understand the whole pathological process associated with oxidative stress, a histological study was performed by feeding 14‐day‐old sea bass larvae with microdiets containing different ratios of DHA/vitamin E (1/150, 5/150 and 5/300) for a period of 21 days. Larvae fed diet 1/150 showed no lesions in contrast to larvae fed diets 5/150 and 5/300 where the highest incidence of muscle lesions and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content was observed. Semithin sections revealed focal lesions consisting of degenerated fibres with hypercontracted myofilaments and extensive sarcoplasm vacuolization affecting both red and white muscle. Ultrathin sections of degenerating muscle fibres showed diffuse dilatation of sarcoplasmic reticulum, disorganized myofilaments and autophagic vacuoles containing myelin figures and dense bodies. Additionally, some macrophages were observed among injured fibres as numerous satellite cells. Results from the study agree with those obtained from previous work, proving the pathological potential of free radicals in sea bass larvae musculature. Moreover, high vitamin E inclusion could not completely protect cell membranes from free radicals action.  相似文献   

Optimum krill phospholipids content in microdiets for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) larvae     

R. Saleh  M.B. Betancor  J. Roo  T. Benítez‐Santana  C.M. Hernández‐Cruz  F.‐J. Moyano  M. Izquierdo 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2013,19(4):449-460

The aim of the present study was to determine the optimum dietary levels of krill phospholipids (KPL) for sea bream (Sparus aurata) larvae, and its influence on larval development and digestive enzymes activity. Larvae were fed five formulated microdiets with five different levels of KPL. Complete replacement of live preys with the experimental microdiets for seabream larvae produced high survival and growth rates, particularly in fish fed the highest levels of KPL. In the present study, increase in dietary KPL up to 120 g kg^?1 (100 g kg^?1 total PL) significantly improved larval survival and growth, whereas further increase did not improve those parameters. An increase in alkaline phosphatase, trypsin and lipase activity with the elevation of KPL up to 120 g kg^?1 was also found denoting a better functioning of digestive system. Besides, there was a linear substrate stimulatory effect of dietary KPL on phospholipase A2 activity. Finally, increasing dietary KPL lead to better assimilation of n‐3 HUFA especially eicosapentaenoic acid, reflected in the higher content of these fatty acids in both neutral and polar lipids of the larvae. In summary, KPL were found to be an excellent source of lipids for seabream larvae. Optimum inclusion levels of this ingredient in microdiets to completely substitute live preys at this larval age were found to be 120 g kg^?1 KPL.  相似文献   

Enhancement of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) larval growth by dietary vitamin E in relation to two different levels of essential fatty acids     

E. Atalah  C. M. Hernández‐Cruz  R. Ganga  E. Ganuza  T. Benítez‐Santana  J. Roo  H. Fernández‐Palacios  M. S. Izquierdo 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(12):1816-1827

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary vitamin E on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) growth and survival, at two different highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) levels. Eighteen days old gilthead seabream larvae were fed four formulated experimental diets combining two different dietary levels of HUFAs (M: medium 2.5 + 1.5, DHA + EPA, H: high 5 + 2.5 DHA + EPA g per 100 g) with two different levels of vitamin E (M: medium 540 mg kg^?1, H: high 2900 mg kg^?1): MM, MH, HM, HH (HUFA/vitamin E). After 2‐week feeding trial, the average survival rate was 52.6% and there were no significant differences found among treatments. Increase in vitamin E up to high level markedly improved larval growth, particularly when dietary HUFA levels were lower, suggesting a higher protection value when these fatty acids are more limiting. At medium dietary HUFA levels, increase in vitamin E from medium to high level enhanced larval growth performance in terms of total length. Moreover, increase in vit E enhanced HUFAs content in the larval polar lipids denoting the anti‐oxidative effect of vitamin E.  相似文献   

Gastrointestinal nematode infection in beef cattle raised in silvopastoral and conventional systems in São Paulo state,Brazil     

M. C. S. Oliveira  M. L. F. Nicodemo  J. R. M. Pezzopane  M. R. Gusmão  A. C. S. Chagas  R. Giglioti  T. B. Bilhassi  C. H. Santana  T. C. Gonçalves  M. D. Rabelo  T. A. Néo 《Agroforestry Systems》2017,91(3):495-507

The use of silvopastoral systems (SPS) can be a good alternative to reduce the environmental impacts of livestock breeding in Brazil. Despite the advantages offered by public policies, many producers hesitate to use this system. One of the reasons is the lack of information on health and productivity of cattle raised under these conditions. The experiment reported here was designed to compare the behavior of infection by gastrointestinal nematodes and weight gain of beef cattle raised in a SPS and a conventional pasture system. We monitored the number of eggs per gram of feces, the prevalent nematode genus, data on climate, forage availability, weight gain and packed cell volume (PCV) of the animals bred in the two systems. The infection by nematodes was significantly higher in the cattle raised in the SPS (p < 0.05). The coprocultures revealed the presence of nematodes of the genera Haemonchus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus, in both systems, but the mean infestation rates of Haemonchus and Cooperia were higher in the SPS (p < 0.05). The average of PCV values did not differ between the cattle in the two systems. The individual weight gain and stocking rate in the period did not vary between the systems (p > 0.05). Despite the higher prevalence of nematodes in the SPS, no negative impact was detected on the animals’ weight gain and health. The results of this experiment indicate that under the conditions studied, there is no need to alter the parasite management to assure good productive performance of cattle.  相似文献   

The effectiveness of old and new strategies for the long‐term control of Pteridium aquilinum,an 8‐year test          下载免费PDF全文

G Milligan  E S Cox  J G Alday  V M Santana  H A McAllister  R J Pakeman  M G Le Duc  R H Marrs 《Weed Research》2016,56(3):247-257

There is a need for management strategies to control dominant perennial weeds and restore seminatural communities. We compared the effects of five weed control treatments on dense Pteridium aquilinum relative to an untreated experimental control over an 8‐year period with the aim of restoring acid grassland. The weed control treatments tested were as follows: cutting and bruising, both twice and thrice annually, and herbicide treatment (asulam in year 1 followed by annual spot retreatment of all emergent fronds). Pteridium aquilinum performance and plant species composition were monitored. Data were analysed using Bayesian mixed‐effect models and multivariate techniques. Cutting twice and thrice yearly and the asulam treatment all reduced frond density to zero; both bruising treatments were ineffective. The plant communities in the cut and asulam‐treated plots showed differences from the untreated and bruised plots; the asulam‐treated plots contained more ruderal species and the cut plots were more typical of acid grassland. Acid grassland recovery was fastest in the asulam‐treated plots, but the cut plots caught up after approximately 5 years. There were two important conclusions. First, an intractable weed like P. aquilinum can be eradicated and a vegetation more suited for grazing can be achieved by the continuous application of some treatments over many years. Here, success was achieved by cutting twice/thrice annually, or by a single asulam application followed by annual spot spraying of all emergent fronds for 8 years. Second, bruising, a treatment favoured by some conservation organisations, did not work and cannot be recommended. The use of long‐term, continuously applied treatments might be considered for all perennial weeds with large underground root/rhizome systems.  相似文献   

Characterization of Phytophthora infestans populations of southern Brazil in 2004 and 2005     

Flávio Martins Santana  Cesar Bauer Gomes  Cesar Rombaldi  Valmor João Bianchi  Ailton Reis 《Phytoparasitica》2013,41(5):557-568

The populations of Phytophthora infestans (Pi) in southern Brazil in 2004 and 2005 are characterized herein. The isolates were collected from potato and tomato plants in the states of Paraná (PR), Santa Catarina (SC), and Rio Grande do Sul (RS). The mating type of 131 potato and 32 tomato isolates was determined. Forty-nine isolates from potatoes and 11 from tomatoes were analyzed for their Gpi phenotype. A subset of 35 isolates was evaluated for mitochondrial (mtDNA) polymorphisms. A sample of 146 isolates was tested for sensitivity to the fungicide metalaxyl, and most isolates (64%) were moderately sensitive. Fifty-nine isolates were classified as A1 mating type and 103 as A2. One isolate behaved as both A1 and A2 mating type. All tomato isolates were A1 mating type and presented the 86/100 pattern for the enzyme GPI and mtDNA Ib, indicating that these isolates belong to the US-1 clonal lineage. Of the 131 potato isolates, 103 were A2, 27 were A1 and one was A1/A2 mating type. Among the potato isolates 27 exhibited the Gpi phenotype 100/100, the same as BR-1, and 20 were 86/100, the same as US-1. Potato isolates presented the mitochondrial haplotypes Ia (74%) and IIa (26%). The data suggest the presence of only the BR-1 clonal lineage on potatoes in the states of PR and SC. However, in the state of RS, more than one clonal lineage was observed infecting potatoes, and there may be sexual reproduction between the lineages.  相似文献   

Forest fuel management as a conservation tool for early successional species under agricultural abandonment: The case of Mediterranean butterflies     

Maria João Verdasca  Ana Sofia Leitão  Joana Santana  Miguel Porto  Susana Dias  Pedro Beja 《Biological conservation》2012,146(1):14-23

In cultural landscapes there are often negative biodiversity consequences of agricultural abandonment and subsequent scrub and forest encroachment, due to homogenization and the loss of early-successional habitats. The common forestry practice of removing understory vegetation to prevent fire hazard (fuel management) probably has the side-effect of ameliorating these consequences, but it is uncertain whether it effectively restores habitats for early-successional species. Here we examine the influence of time since fuel management and management frequency on butterfly assemblages, using a chronosequence of cork oak (Quercus suber) stands spanning about 70 years. Overall species richness increased immediately after management and abundances peaked about 2–3 years later, while both declined thereafter for about 10–20 years to pre-disturbance levels. Richness and abundances were also much higher in recurrently managed stands. Most life history groups showed successional trends similar to the overall species richness and abundances, though consistent positive effects of fuel management were only observed for species with univoltine life cycle, herbaceous layer feeding, larval overwintering, and intermediate body size. Individual species were largely associated with recent and recurrent management, though a few specialists occurred most often in undisturbed stands. These findings suggest that fuel management at <10 years intervals is strongly positive for butterfly assemblages in landscapes under land abandonment. However, to maintain the overall forest biodiversity it is critical that patches of undisturbed habitat are also retained at the landscape scale.  相似文献   

Comparative evaluation of three commercially available complement fixation test antigens for the diagnosis of glanders     

Khan I  Wieler LH  Melzer F  Gwida M  Santana VL  de Souza MM  Saqib M  Elschner MC  Neubauer H 《The Veterinary record》2011,169(19):495

The sensitivity and specificity of three commercially available complement fixation test (CFT) antigens from c.c.pro (c.c.pro), Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR (CIDC) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) were comparatively evaluated by testing 410 sera collected from glanders-endemic and non-endemic areas (200 true-negative randomly collected sera and 210 sera collected from experimentally immunised animals (12 rabbits, 19 horses), clinically positive (135) and culture-positive (44) horses, donkeys and mules). Immunoblotting (IB) was used as the gold standard test. Highest sensitivity was shown for the CIDC antigen (100 per cent) followed by the c.c.pro antigen (99.39 per cent). However, the USDA antigen showed substantially less (p<0.05) sensitivity (62.19 per cent). Highest specificity was found for the USDA antigen (100 per cent) followed by the CIDC (97.5 per cent) and c.c.pro antigen (96.5 per cent). Positive and negative predictive values (assumed glanders prevalence of <0.1 per cent) for each antigen were calculated to be 95.88 and 99.48 (c.c.pro), 97.04 and 100 (CIDC), 100 and 76.33 per cent (USDA), respectively. Almost perfect agreement (0.96) was found between CFT using either c.c.pro or CIDC and IB.  相似文献