Relationship of host recurrence in fungi to rates of tropical leaf decomposition     

Mirna E. Santana  D. Jean Lodge  Patricia Lebow 《Pedobiologia》2005,49(6):23-564

Here we explore the significance of fungal diversity on ecosystem processes by testing whether microfungal ‘preferences’ for (i.e., host recurrence) different tropical leaf species increases the rate of decomposition. We used pairwise combinations of γ-irradiated litter of five tree species with cultures of two dominant microfungi derived from each plant in a microcosm experiment. The experiment was designed to test whether early leaf decomposition rates differed depending on relationships between the leaf litter from which the fungi were derived (i.e., the source plant) and the leaf substrata decomposed by these fungi in microcosms. Relationships tested were phylogenetic relatedness between the source and substratum leaves, and similarity in litter quality (lignin, N and P) between the source and substratum. We found a significant interaction between microfungi and leaf species (P<0.0001), and differences among the four classes of source–substratum relationships were highly significant (P=0.0004). Combinations in which fungal source leaves were of the same species or family as the substratum, or the fungal source resembled the substratum in quality had marginally faster decomposition than when the fungal source and substratum leaves were mismatched (i.e., unrelated and of dissimilar quality). In some microcosms, a basidiomycete contaminant had a strong additive effect on decomposition of Croton poecilanthus leaves resulting in faster decomposition than with microfungi alone (P<0.0001). Comparisons among leaf–microfungal combinations were made after the effect of the basidiomycete covariate was adjusted to zero. The data on microfungi suggest differential abundance in particular hosts, which contributes to species diversity of decomposer fungi in tropical forests, affects rates of decomposition.  相似文献   

A genomewide association mapping study using ultrasound‐scanned information identifies potential genomic regions and candidate genes affecting carcass traits in Nellore cattle          下载免费PDF全文

M.H.A. Santana  R.V. Ventura  Y.T. Utsunomiya  H.H.R. Neves  P.A. Alexandre  G.A. Oliveira Junior  R.C. Gomes  M.N. Bonin  L.L. Coutinho  J.F. Garcia  S.L. Silva  H. Fukumasu  P.R. Leme  J.B.S. Ferraz 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):420-427

The aim of this study was to identify candidate genes and genomic regions associated with ultrasound‐derived measurements of the rib‐eye area (REA), backfat thickness (BFT) and rumpfat thickness (RFT) in Nellore cattle. Data from 640 Nellore steers and young bulls with genotypes for 290 863 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used for genomewide association mapping. Significant SNP associations were explored to find possible candidate genes related to physiological processes. Several of the significant markers detected were mapped onto functional candidate genes including ARFGAP3, CLSTN2 and DPYD for REA; OSBPL3 and SUDS3 for BFT; and RARRES1 and VEPH1 for RFT. The physiological pathway related to lipid metabolism (CLSTN2, OSBPL3, RARRES1 and VEPH1) was identified. The significant markers within previously reported QTLs reinforce the importance of the genomic regions, and the other loci offer candidate genes that have not been related to carcass traits in previous investigations.  相似文献   

High levels of whole raw soybean in diets for Nellore bulls in feedlot: effect on growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality          下载免费PDF全文

N. R. B. Cônsolo  R. Gardinal  J. R. Gandra  J. E. de Freitas Junior  F. P. Rennó  M. H. de A. Santana  S. B. Pflanzer Junior  A. S. C. Pereira 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2015,99(2):201-209

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of whole raw soybean (WRS) in the finishing diet of Nellore cattle on productive performance, carcass traits, meat quality, fatty acid profile of meat, and blood parameters. In a completely randomized design, 52 Nellore bulls (mean body weight ± SD: 380 ± 34 kg) were allotted for 84 days. The animals received the following diets with a forage: concentrate ratio of 40/60: (i) WRS0: control diet without soybean grains; (ii) WRS8: diet containing 8% WRS in dry matter basis; (iii) WRS16: diet containing 16% WRS, and (iv) WRS24: diet containing 24% WRS. At intervals of 28 days, the animals were weighed, muscle and adipose tissue was analysed by ultrasound, and blood samples were collected. The animals were slaughtered on day 85 and liver weight and hot carcass weight were measured during slaughter. The pH and carcass dressing were calculated at 24 h after slaughter. Longissimus dorsi muscle samples were collected for the determination of fatty acid profile of meat, ether extract, tenderness and sensory analysis of meat aged for 14 days. Blood cholesterol content increased linearly with increasing proportion of whole raw soybean grains. The diet did not affect performance or carcass attributes. The WRS8 had the highest shear force values. In fatty acid profile, C14:0 decreased (p = 0.05), whereas 16:1, 20:0 and 20:1 fatty acids increased linearly with increasing proportion of WRS (p < 0.05). However, concentration of conjugated linoleic acid cis 9, trans 11 and 17:0 increased with WRS24 and WRS16. In the sensory analysis, WRS24 was more tender with respect to the other treatments (p < 0.05). Finally, the inclusion of WRS in the finishing diet of feedlot Nellore bulls only evidenced little changes in fatty acid profile and tenderness, in animals fed diets containing 16 or 24% soybean.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity of papaya (Carica papaya L.) F5 recombinant inbred lines using the Ward-MLM strategy     

Vettorazzi  Julio Cesar Fiorio  Santa Catarina  Renato  Poltronieri  Tathianne Pastana de Sousa  Miranda  Daniel Pereira  Santana  Josefa Grasiela Silva  Ramos  Helaine Christine Cancela  Pereira  Messias Gonzaga 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2021,68(8):3333-3343

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - The development of segregating populations in papaya allows the development of new high fruit yield and excellent fruit quality pure line or hybrid cultivars....  相似文献   

Macronutrient deficiency and anatomic modifications in crambe leaves     

Munir Mauad  Rafaela Silva Santana  Hugo Henrique Mussury Silva  Pedro Henrique Altomar  Rosilda Mara Mussury Franco Silva  Antonio Carlos Tadeu Vitorino 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(18):2363-2372

Abstract

This study had the objective of assessing growth, deficiency symptoms and leaf anatomy of crambe plants submitted to macronutrient availability. The experimental design was the complete randomized with four replications. The first treatment consisted of cultivating crambe plants in a nutrient solution completed with N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S. Using the diagnosis by subtraction, the other treatments consisted of the same solution with individual omission of each nutrient, totaling seven treatments. Supplement of different solutions took place two weeks after emergence. One week forward, visual symptoms of deficiency started to be evaluated. By the end of the experiment, the number of leaves, number of branches, shoot dry matter and leaf anatomic parameters were evaluated. Nutrient deficiency limited shoot dry matter in the following order: N?>?Ca?>?P>Mg?>?S?>?K. Subtracting Ca from the solution was most limiting to crambe growth once plants did not even reach reproductive stages. Individual subtractions of each macronutrient anatomically altered crambe leaves, especially omitting Ca, K, and S, which reduced tissue thickness.  相似文献   

A Sulfated-Polysaccharide Fraction from Seaweed Gracilaria birdiae Prevents Naproxen-Induced Gastrointestinal Damage in Rats     

Renan O. Silva  Ana Paula M. Santana  Nathalia S. Carvalho  Talita S. Bezerra  Camila B. Oliveira  Samara R. B. Damasceno  Luciano S. Chaves  Ana Lúcia P. Freitas  Pedro M. G. Soares  Marcellus H. L. P. Souza  André Luiz R. Barbosa  Jand-Venes R. Medeiros 《Marine drugs》2012,10(12):2618-2633

Red seaweeds synthesize a great variety of sulfated galactans. Sulfated polysaccharides (PLSs) from seaweed are comprised of substances with pharmaceutical and biomedical potential. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of the PLS fraction extracted from the seaweed Gracilaria birdiae in rats with naproxen-induced gastrointestinal damage. Male Wistar rats were pretreated with 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (control group—vehicle) or PLS (10, 30, and 90 mg/kg, p.o.) twice daily (at 09:00 and 21:00) for 2 days. After 1 h, naproxen (80 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered. The rats were killed on day two, 4 h after naproxen treatment. The stomachs were promptly excised, opened along the greater curvature, and measured using digital calipers. Furthermore, the guts of the animals were removed, and a 5-cm portion of the small intestine (jejunum and ileum) was used for the evaluation of macroscopic scores. Samples of the stomach and the small intestine were used for histological evaluation, morphometric analysis and in assays for glutathione (GSH) levels, malonyldialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. PLS treatment reduced the macroscopic and microscopic naproxen-induced gastrointestinal damage in a dose-dependent manner. Our results suggest that the PLS fraction has a protective effect against gastrointestinal damage through mechanisms that involve the inhibition of inflammatory cell infiltration and lipid peroxidation.  相似文献   

Chromosome markers confirm origin of Heliconia hybrids and triploids     

Marília Gabriela de Santana Costa  Brunno Sérgio Ferreira Leite  Vivian Loges  Ebenézer Bernardes Correia Silva  Andreza Santos da Costa  Walma Nogueira Ramos Guimarães  Ana Christina Brasileiro-Vidal 《Euphytica》2016,207(3):501-514

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Genetic diversity,population structure,and correlations between locally adapted zebu and taurine breeds in Brazil using SNP markers     

Bárbara Machado Campos  Adriana Santana do Carmo  Andrea Alves do Egito  Arthur Silva da Mariante  Maria Socorro Muaés do Albuquerque  João José Simoni de Gouveia  Carlos Henrique Mendes Malhado  Lucas Lima Verardo  Marcos Vinícius Gualberto Barbosa da Silva  Paulo Luiz Souza Carneiro 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(8):1677-1684

Genetic diversity is one of the most important issues in studies on conservation of cattle breeds and endangered species. The objective of this study was to estimate the levels of genetic differentiation between locally adapted taurine (Bos taurus taurus) and zebu (Bos taurus indicus) breeds in Brazil, which were genotyped for more than 777,000 SNPs. The fixation index (F _ST), principal component analysis (PCA), and Bayesian clustering were estimated. The F _ST highlighted genetic differentiation between taurine and zebu breeds. The taurine lines, Caracu and Caracu Caldeano, had significant genetic differentiation (F _ST close to 5%) despite their recent selection for different uses (meat and milk). This genetic variability can be used for conservation of locally adapted animals, as well as for breeding programs on zebu breeds. Introgression of zebu in locally adapted breeds was identified, especially in Curraleiro Pé-Duro breed. The Gyr breed, however, had low breed purity at genomic level due to its very heterogeneous mixing pattern.  相似文献   

Occult gastrointestinal bleeding is a common finding in dogs with chronic kidney disease          下载免费PDF全文

Leandro Z. Crivellenti  Sofia Borin‐Crivellenti  Kristi L. Fertal  Catarina M. Contin  Caroline M. J. Miranda  Aureo E. Santana 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2017,46(1):132-137

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Antimicrobial susceptibility and phylotyping profile of pathogenic <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salmonella enterica</Emphasis> isolates from calves and pigs in Minas Gerais,Brazil     

Monalisa S. M. Souto  Fernanda M. Coura  Elaine M. S. Dorneles  Ana Paula R. Stynen  Telma M. Alves  Jordana Almeida Santana  Rebeca B. Pauletti  Roberto M. C. Guedes  Aline M. Viott  Marcos B. Heinemann  Andrey P. Lage 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(1):13-23

The aims of the present study were to determine (i) the profiles of phylogroup and (ii) the antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from calves, and of Salmonella spp. strains isolated from calves and pigs in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Sixty-one pathogenic E. coli strains and Salmonella spp. (n?=?24) strains isolated from fecal samples of calves and Salmonella spp. (n?=?39) strains previously isolated from fecal samples of growing/finishing pigs were tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the agar dilution method was determined for nalidixic acid, amikacin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefoxitin, norfloxacin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. All E. coli isolates were susceptible to amikacin. Tetracycline was the antimicrobial that presented the higher frequency of resistance among E. coli strains, followed by ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, gentamicin, and cefoxitin. E. coli (n?=?61) strains isolated from calves belonged to different phylogroup namely, phylogroup A (n?=?26), phylogroup B1 (n?=?31), phylogroup E (n?=?3), and phylogroup F (n?=?1). Phylogroups B2, C, and D were not identified among the E. coli in the present study. All Salmonella spp. (n?=?24) strains isolated from fecal samples of calves were susceptible to amikacin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, norfloxacin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Resistance to nalidixic acid and cefoxitin was detected in 16.66 and 8.33 % of the Salmonella spp. strains, respectively. Among the Salmonella spp. (n?=?39) strains isolated from fecal samples of pigs, the higher frequency of resistance was observed to tetracycline, followed by amoxicillin, gentamicin, ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid, cefoxitin, and norfloxacin. All strains were susceptible to amikacin. Forty-eight (78.68 %) of the E. coli strains were classified as multidrug-resistant, whereas among Salmonella spp. strains, the percentage of multidrug resistance was 57.14 %, being all multidrug-resistant strains isolated from pigs (92.30 %). The results from the present study indicate a high frequency of antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic E. coli strains isolated from calves and Salmonella spp. strains isolated from pigs and a high rate of susceptibility to most antimicrobials tested among Salmonella spp. strains isolated from calves. Our study highlights the presence of multidrug-resistant strains of E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from food-producing animals in Minas Gerais, Brazil.  相似文献