Enhancement of beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase of Trigonella foenum-graecum by exposure to the allelochemical mimosine     

Santosh TR  Balasubramanian KK  Lalitha K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(2):462-467

Glycohydrolases assume significance in the metabolism of biological systems and have important industrial applications in the areas of pharmaceuticals, food, and medicine. Glycosidases were screened in germinating seeds, and attempts were made to enhance their levels. Screening of glycosidases in the seedlings during a 72 h germination period revealed higher levels of beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase in Trigonella foenum-graecum compared to Cicer arietinum and Vigna radiata. Activity of beta-galactosidase was in general higher than that of beta-glucosidase in all the seedlings tested. During growth, exposure of the seedlings to an allelochemical, mimosine, at 0.1 mM resulted in the enhancement of enzyme levels by 50% in the seedlings of T. foenum-graecum, whereas the addition of mimosine to the assay medium in vitro did not affect the enzyme activities. Hydrolytic activity was enhanced by addition of glycerol in the medium up to 0.1 M in the case of beta-glucosidase and with 0.05 M in the case of beta-galactosidase. In general, the hydrolytic rate was higher by about 30% in the seedlings exposed to mimosine compared to that of the control. Concomitant enhancement in the rates of transgalactosidation by 51% and transglucosidation by 23% was also noted, underscoring the relevance of plant glycohydrolases for appropriate applications.  相似文献   

Prakash Adhikari: April 13, 1965 to October 23, 2020     

Ken Zafren  Buddha Basnyat  Santosh Baniya  Gobi Bashyal  Hermann Brugger  Suvash Dawadi  Luanne Freer  Eric Johnson  Brenton Systermans 《The Forestry Chronicle》2021,32(1):6-11

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Monocrotophos induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage in rat tissues     

Santosh K. Yaduvanshi  Satish C. Pant  Nalini Srivastava 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2010,97(3):214-222

Monocrotophos (dimethyl(E)-1-methyl-2-(methyl carbamoyl) vinyl phosphate, MCP), a substituted vinyl phosphate, is a potent systemic toxicant and used for control of variety of pests. The present study is undertaken to evaluate the genotoxic potential of monocrotophos and time-dependent repair of the damaged DNA in rats, using single cell gel electrophoresis or comet assay. The involvement of oxidative stress was also examined by estimation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the tissues of MCP exposed rats. The rats were given oral exposure of 4.5 and 9 mg MCP/kg body weight once as well as 0.3 and 0.6 mg MCP/kg body weight for 60 days. A dose-dependent increase was recorded in the levels of TBARS in the liver, kidney, spleen and brain of MCP exposed rats. Cytotoxicity of MCP is evident from the histopathological studies of rat tissues. The level of DNA damage was estimated by scoring 50 cells per animal, dividing into five types, Types 0, I, II, III and IV. The results clearly indicated that exposure to MCP, acutely or chronically, caused a dose-dependent increase in the number of damaged nuclei of Types II, III and IV in the liver, kidney, spleen and brain of rats. When the DNA damage was studied 48 and 72 h post MCP treatment, a significant reduction in the number of types III and IV nuclei was observed in all the tissues indicating a time-dependent repair. From the present study, it can be concluded that oxidative stress may be involved in the toxicity of MCP and MCP induces DNA damage in all the rat tissues exhibiting genotoxic potential in vivo.  相似文献   

Morpho-physiological parameters associated with iron deficiency chlorosis resistance and their effect on yield and its related traits in groundnut     

Ishwar H. Boodi  Santosh K. Pattanashetti  Basavaraj D. Biradar  Gopalakrishna K. Naidu  Virupakshi P. Chimmad  Anand Kanatti  Vinod Kumar  Manoj K. Debnath 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2016,19(2):177-187

Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) causes a significant reduction in yield of groundnut grown in calcareous and alkaline soils in India. The main aim of the study was to assess genotypic differences for morpho-physiological parameters associated with IDC resistance across different stages and their effect on yield and its related traits. The factorial pot experiment was comprised of two major factors, i) soil-Fe status [normal-Fe, deficit-Fe], and ii) genotypes [five] with differential IDC response, constituting 10 treatments. They were assessed for five morpho-physiological parameters associated with IDC resistance across five crop growth stages and also yield and its related traits. Associations between these traits were also estimated. Under deficit-Fe conditions, IDC resistant genotypes recorded significantly lower visual chlorosis rating (VCR), higher SPAD values, active Fe, chlorophyll content, peroxidase activity, and high yield compared to susceptible ones. Between normal- to deficit-Fe soils, resistant compared to susceptible genotypes showed no change in VCR scores; a lower reduction in SPAD, chlorophyll, active Fe, peroxidase activity, and pod yield. Under deficit-Fe conditions, high yield among resistant genotypes could be attributed to higher seed weight, number of pods and haulm yield, while contrasting reduction in main stem height and number of primaries. The results indicate that for initial large-scale screening of groundnut genotypes for IDC resistance, SPAD values are most ideal while active Fe could be utilized for confirmation of identified lines.  相似文献   

Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium and N2O flux: effect of soil redox potential and N fertilization in loblolly pine forests     

K. J. Minick  C. B. Pandey  T. R. Fox  Santosh Subedi 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2016,52(5):601-614

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Acute Mountain Sickness in Children at 4380 Meters in the Himalayas     

Santosh Pradhan  Sanjay Yadav  Pritam Neupane  Prajan Subedi 《The Forestry Chronicle》2009,20(4):359-363

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Enhanced mechanical and dielectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polyurethane/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites     

Santosh Kumar Yadav  Sibdas Singha Mahapatra  Jae Whan Cho  Hoon Cheol Park  Jae Yeol Lee 《Fibers and Polymers》2009,10(6):756-760

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) nanocomposites with the polymer matrix composed of blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and polyurethane (PU) were prepared via functionalization of 3,4,5-triflouroaniline (TFA) on MWNTs. The MWNTs/polymer nanocomposites showed a dominantly enhanced elongation due to incorporation of PU molecules in PVDF matrix and the improved MWNTs dispersion in the polymer matrix resulting from functionalization of MWNTs with TFA. The functionalization of TFA on MWNTs was confirmed by the measurements of Raman, FT-IR spectra, SEM, and TEM images. In addition, the dielectric constant of nanocomposites increased with an increase of TFA-functionalized MWNTs in PVDF/PU/MWNTs nanocomposites. The polymer blend nanocomposites incorporating MWNTs may be available as an alternative potential route for the actuator materials.  相似文献   

Substitution of mineral fertilizers with biofertilizer: an alternate to improve the growth,yield and functional biochemical properties of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cv. Camarosa     

Santosh Kumar  Manoj Kundu  Anupam Das  Md. Wasim Siddiqui  Ruby Rani 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(15):1818-1837

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to substitute mineral fertilizers with biofertilizers in strawberry to work out the yield, quality of strawberry and soil fertility. A 25% substitution of mineral fertilizer with biofertilizer increased the number of fruits/plant along with improving Juice content (89.55%), Total soluble solids (10.35°B), total sugar (6.69%), ascorbic acid (43.80?mg 100?g^?1), anthocyanin content (81.05?mg 100?g^?1), total phenol (5.97?mg Gallic acid equiv. g^?1), flavonoids (0.12?mg g^?1) and antioxidant capacity (2.13?µmol. Trolox equiv. 100?g^?1). The available N and K content in post-harvest soils were improved significantly with 75% RDF + Azospirillium @ 2?g plant^?1 + PSB @ 2?g plant^?1 + topdressing of 25% K treatments (200.10 and 211.70?kg ha^?1, respectively). Viable count of soil microorganisms (Bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi) was also estimated maximum (4066, 190 and 11.33?×?10⁴ cfu g^?1?dry soil, respectively) with substitution of 25% of mineral fertilizer either with Azotobacter or Azospirillum.  相似文献   

Development of a method to assess binding of astaxanthin to Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. muscle proteins     

Madhury R Saha  Neil W Ross  Tom A Gill  Rolf E Olsen  & Santosh P Lall 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(4):336-343

Several methods were examined to characterize the binding between astaxanthin and salmon muscle protein(s) in order to provide tools for evaluation of the role of muscle proteins on astaxanthin retention in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. flesh. The methods included gel filtration chromatography, displacement of a hydrophobic probe and ultrafiltration. With gel filtration chromatography, aggregation of astaxanthin under the experimental conditions was a major problem for the separation of bound astaxanthin from free astaxanthin because the apparent molecular weight of aggregated astaxanthin or astaxanthin micelles was in the range of protein–astaxanthin complexes. Displacement of the fluorescent probe 8‐anilino‐1‐naphthalenesulphonate (ANS) was not effective as astaxanthin quenched the fluorophore so that displacement could not be observed. An ultrafiltration method was developed using 200‐mM sodium cholate for dispersion of astaxanthin aggregates. This allowed unbound astaxanthin to be separated from bound astaxanthin using a 30‐kDa filter. After salmon muscle proteins were solubilized in different fractions by sequential extraction using low ionic strength solutions, the astaxanthin binding of different fractions was assessed using the ultrafiltration method. The significant difference (P<0.05) observed in the astaxanthin binding of the various fractions suggests an application of this assay to detect differences in affinity of proteins for astaxanthin. The results also suggest that proteins other than actomyosin or actin can bind astaxanthin in Atlantic salmon flesh. This method can be used for the identification of astaxanthin‐binding proteins in salmon flesh and other tissues.  相似文献   

A cannulation technique for urine collection from haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus L.     

Prabir Kumar roy  Santosh P Lall  & Chris Harvey-clark 《Aquaculture Research》2004,35(1):87-92

Urine collection from fish is an integral part of metabolic studies designed to measure the excretion of various biochemical compounds. The techniques developed for urine collection in salmonids cannot be applied to gadoid fish due to the anatomical differences in their urinary system. The anterior ureter of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus L.) is an elongated duct that originates from the anterior part of the trunk kidney and courses dorsal‐posterior to the region of the uropore. The posterior ureter originates from the middle of the caudal kidney, and eventually fuses with the anterior ureter before forming a small urinary bladder. After the two ureters join together, a short common duct empties into the urinary bladder and terminates at the uropore behind the anus. Just before the end, the terminal posterior ureter takes a sharp U‐shaped turn, which makes cannulation difficult. We investigated the development of a cannulation technique for urine collection in three different‐sized groups of juvenile haddock. In anaesthetized fish, a catheter was inserted in the uropore in a posterior direction to follow the U‐shaped course of the ureter. After insertion of the catheter into the uropore, the externalized segment of tubing was connected to a needle attached to a syringe. Urine was then aspirated from each of the 20 fish at 15 μL min^?1 for 5 min to measure urine volume and urinary phosphate concentration. The results were reproducible and this cannulation technique has potential for use in other gadoid metabolic studies.  相似文献